1,720,972 research outputs found
Kinerja Sanitarian Puskesmas
Full text linkHealthy and hygienic water program is implemented to fulfill public access to hygienic water, not only in quantity but also the quality of hygienic water consumed by public. This study aim is to describe performance of sanitation officer in community health center and factors related in Solok District in 2007. This study used qualitative method by in-depth interview, focus group discussion and observation; informant is sanitation officer in community health center, which was source triangulated with the head of community health center and head of PL and PKM of District Health Office. Low performance of sanitation officer was reflected in low coverage, low frequency of counseling, low frequency of community training, low frequency of water monitoring, information system program was not functioned well. Factors which are important on sanitation officer performance include: less ability and skill of sanitation officer, less supervision of district and community health center head, less training frequency of sanitation officer and the need is not matched, low motivation of sanitation officer, less reward and operational fund, many extra jobs, facility and basic facility are not adequate, less program priority by head of community health center, access to several working areas is not good especially in the isolated subdistrict, and budget policy of District Health Office which is not prioritizing sufficient budget for health and hygienic water program
Perilaku Krom Dalam Limbah Cair Penyamakan Kombinasi Krom-Gambir dan Krom-Mimosa Pada Penyamakan Kulit
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Perilaku Krom Dalam Limbah Cair Penyamakan Kombinasi Krom-Gambir dan Krom-Mimosa Pada Penyamakan Kulit
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This study aims to determine the amount of chrome that come out together with tannery waste in a tanned combination process of chrome-gambier and chrome-mimosa. the process research performed by 2 stages. The 1st stage using chrome with 5 concentration, they were 2,4,6 and 8 %. Then it followed by the 2nd stage tanning process by using vegetable tanning, gambier and mimosa, with each 7% and 9% concentration. The results showed that the combination of chrome-gambier tanned at the same concentration disposed chromium waste less than the combination of chrome-mimosa tanned. The lowest total chrome waste on the chrome-gambier tanning combination was 3.9 ppm at 2% chromium and 7% gambier concentration and the highest was 146.6 ppm at 8% chromium and 9% gambier concentrations. The lowest total chrome waste on the combination of chrome-mimosa tanning was 2.2 ppm at 2% chromium and 7% mimosa concentration and the highest was 170.4 ppm at 8 % chromium and 9% mimosa concentration. The 2ndtanning, was combination tanning process, chrome-gambier able to reduce chromium levels more than the chrome-mimosa tanning.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah krom yang ikut terbuang bersama limbah proses penyamakan kulit yang di samak kombinasi krom-gambir dan krom-mimosa. Pelaksanaan penelitian proses penyamakan kulit dilakukan dengan 2 tahap. Tahap I menggunakan krom dengan 5 variasi konsentrasi yaitu 2, 4, 6 dan 8%. Setelah penyamakan tahap I kemudian dilanjutkan penyamakan tahap II dengan menggunakan penyamakan nabati, gambir dan mimosa, dengan variasi konsentrasi masing-masing 7 dan 9%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penyamakan kombinasi krom-gambir pada konsentrasi yang sama menghasilkan limbah krom yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan samak kombinasi krom-mimosa. Jumlah limbah krom pada penyamak kombinasi krom-gambir terendah adalah 3,9 ppm pada konsentrasi krom 2% dan gambir 7% dan tertinggi 146,6 ppm pada konsentasi krom 8% dan gambir 9%. Jumlah limbah krom pada penyamak kombinasi krom-mimosa terendah adalah 2,2 ppm pada konsentrasi krom 2% dan mimosa 7% dan tertinggi 170,4 ppm pada konsentasi krom 8% dan mimosa 9%. Penyamakan tahap II, yang merupakan samak kombinasi, krom-gambir dapat menurunkan kadar krom lebih banyak dibandingkan kombinasi krom-mimosa.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pengembangan Mesin Pengurai Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) untuk Menghasilkan Serat Mekanis
Full text linkThe purpose of this research was to design shredded oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber extractor machine, to conduct technical evaluation on the machine performance, and to conduct fiber chemical analysis. This prototype is expected to increase added value on EFB waste as it is not maximally utilized. The machine must be both technically and economically feasible to be applied in particle board industry to produce oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. Based on its design, the machine has ± 200 kg/hours capacity and 5 HP motor. The evaluation of machine performance on 600 RPM and 900 RPM rotations resulted on similar numbers of fiber and mixed fiber percentage. From 10 shredded EFB extracted, 7.6 kg (76%) clean fiber, 2.05 kg (20%) mixed fiber, and 1.35 kg ash were obtained. Three times extracting process on 600 RPM rotation resulted on fiber percentage based on its length as follows: 4.6% long fiber (>10 cm), 32.3% medium fiber (5-10 cm), and 61.4% short fiber (2-4 cm). Meanwhile, the percentages on 900 RPM rotation were 0% of long fiber, 22.37% of medium fiber, and short fiber of 77.3%. There were five types of composition of extracted fiber level; 1) clean fiber on 600 RPM, 2) clean fiber on 900 RPM, 3) mixed fiber (medium fiber 2-3 cm + petal), 4) mixed fiber (short fiber <2 cm + petal), 5) mixed fiber (soft fiber + pollens). The result of chemical analysis showed that those five types of fibers contained 9.3% water, 5.6% extractive, 1.4% fat, 33.1% lignin, 58.33% holocellulose, and 39.2% cellulose contents. Finally the analysis showed that it had a similar chemical composition compared to the fibers of softwood and Red Meranti wood.ABSTRAKPengembangan mesin pengurai serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit dilakukan untuk menghasilkan serat mekanis sebagai penguat papan partikel. Didalam penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan mesin, pembuatan mesin dan evaluasi teknis kinerja mesin. Evaluasi teknis dilakukan pada putaran 600 rpm dan 900 rpm dengan masing-masing putaran 2 kali penguraian, dan masing-masing penguraian 3 ulangan. Dari hasil rancangan mesin didapatkan kapasitas mesin ± 200 kg/jam dan daya penggerak 5 HP. Hasil evaluasi teknis kinerja mesin didapatkan persentase serat dan serat campuran pada putaran 900 rpm pada pengujian 1 dan 2 tidak berbeda jauh dengan pengujian pada putaran 600 rpm. Dari 10 kg TKKS cacahan masing-masing putaran, didapatkan rata-rata serat bersih 82%, serat campuran 14%, dan 4% menjadi debu. Dari hasil penguraian pada putaran 600 rpm dan 900 rpm didapatkan 5 macam komposisi tingkatan serat yaitu, a) serat bersih 600 rpm, b) serat bersih 900 rpm, c) serat campuran (2-3 cm+kelopak), d) serat campuran (<2 cm + kelopak), e) serat campuran (serat halus + serbuk). Hasil analisis kimia ke lima serat tersebut yaitu, rata-rata kadar air serat 9,3%, kadar ekstraktif 5,6%, kadar lemak 1,4%, kadar lignin 33,1%, kadar holoselulosa 58,33%, dan selulosa 39,2%. Dibandingkan dengan serat kayu daun jarum dan kayu meranti merah, kandungan kimia serat tersebut hampir sama atau tidak berbeda jauh.</p
Frekuensi dan Determinan Kontrasepsi Pria di Indonesia
Full text linkPertumbuhan penduduk Indonesia terlihat tinggi (1,25%) dengan pertambahan sekitar 7,3 juta penduduk setiap tahun. Sejak tahun 1980, program keluarga berencana berkontribusi terhadap penurunan angka fertilitas dari 5,61 menjadi 2,6 pada tahun 2002. Kontribusi pria menggunakan kontrasepsi berhubungan dengan banyak faktor antara lain meliputi pengetahuan, sikap, praktek, keterbatasan informasi aksesibilitas fasilitas pelayanan kontrasepsi pria, keterbatasan jenis kontrasepsi, dan persepsi masyarakat yang kurang menguntungkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi pria di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2002-2003. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Cross Sectiona l dengan metode analisis Regresi Logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penggunaan kontrasepsi pria didasari pada Current User dan Ever User 2002/ 2003 masih rendah (7,7%). Sebaran metode kontrasepsi pria pada responden ( 504, 3,1%) dan senggama terputus (593, 3,6%). Variabel usia, pendidikan, tempat tinggal kemandirian mendapatkan kontrasepsi, pengetahuan berhubungan secara bermakna dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi pria. Variabel pendidikan berinteraksi dengan kemandirian. Variabel yang berhubungan sangat erat dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi pria adalah pengetahuan (nilai-p = 0,000; OR = 28,211; 95% CI; 18,936-42,027.
Population growth in Indonesia is high (1.25%), with additional 7,3 million people each year. Since 1980, family planning gives contribution to the reduction of fertility rate from 5.61 to 2.6 in year 2002. Male contribution by using contraceptive methods is related to many factors such as knowledge, attitude, practice, information limitation, contraception availability and community perception on male contraceptive. This study is aimed to gain information about factors related to the use of male contraceptive methods in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from SDKI 2002-2003. Study design used is cross sectional with statistical logistic regression analysis. The study results show that proportion of male using contraceptive method is low, only about 7.7%. The methods used include vasectomy 0.5%, condom 2.4%, abstinence 3.1%, and withdrawal 3.6%. Factors related to male contraceptive use are age, education level, residential areas, autonomy in family planning service, knowledge about family planning and male contraceptive, and interaction variable is education*autonomy in family planning service. The most dominant factor to male contraceptive is knowledge about family planning and male contraceptive at p value 0.000, OR=28.211, 95 % CI=18.9 – 42.0
Pengembangan Mesin Pengurai Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) untuk Menghasilkan Serat Mekanis
Full text linkVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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