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Toksisitas Akut dan Subkronis Ekstrak Air dan Metanol Kerang Lamis (Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus) secara In Vivo pada Tikus Sprague Dawley
No full textLamis clam (Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus) is one of the sea shells that have been utilized by the community. The shells are traditionally believed by peoples of Cirebon can increase stamina, lower blood pressure and can treat jaundice. Results of several studies demonstrated that these shells have various activities such as antioxidant, antitumor, hypolipidemic, antineoplastic, modulatory immune activity as well as antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemia. A wide range of research on the benefits of lamis clams has been done, but the pharmacological effects of the clam extracts have been less explored. Thus, the need to test the toxicity of the clam is very important. Toxicity tests studied in this research covered acute and sub chronic toxicities performed in vivo in rats. Parameters observed in this study were physical observation, presence or absence of rat deaths due to M. meretrix extract as well as the presence or absence of symptoms of liver and kidney damages. It is also useful in the development of research knowledge about the pharmacological effects of M. meretrix and also expected to be able to provide added value for M. meretrix utilization. The purpose of the study was to characterize the mussel (yield, proximate and heavy metals analyzes as well as qualitative tests of bioactive components contained in M. meretrix), to determine the acute and sub chronic toxicities of water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix in vivo on Sprague Dawley rats. The research was carried out in 3 stages. Phase 1 was the characterization of M. meretrix included: yield measurement, proximate analysis (AOAC 2005), analysis of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg and Cu (APHA 1989) and analysis of bioactive components (Harborne 1984). Phase 2 was acute toxicity test (OECD Test Guideline 403:2009). The parameters observed at this stage included: growth and feed intake of rats, observations of physical parameters, histopathology of rats liver and kidney as well as observation of the color changes in the organs of rats. Phase 3 was the final stage, namely the sub chronic toxicity test (OECD Test Guideline 413:2009). Parameters observed in this study included: growth and feed intake of rats, physical parameters (weight of kidney and liver) and blood serum chemistry parameters (urea, bilirubin, creatinine, albumin and cholesterol). Meretrix meretrix consisted of 11.09 % meat and 69.85 % shell. Based on the results of the proximate analysis yielded moisture content of 79.99 %, 1.50 % of ash, 0.22 % of fat, 9.42 % of protein and 8.81 % of carbohydrate. Analysis of heavy metals showed lamis clams meat containing Pb 0.0013 ppm, Cd 0.0088 ppm, Hg 0.0045 and Cu 0.0008 ppm. M. meretrix also contained various components of bioactive compounds. Three types of bioactive compounds were detected in the water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix which were alkaloids, steroids and saponins. Acute toxicity test of water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix was done by giving both extracts to rats with doses of 2, 4, 6 and 15 g/kg of body weight. Based on growth and physical observations on the rats for 14 days, the water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix had no acute toxicity effect (studied up to 15 g/kg body weight). Based on histopathological observations on the liver and kidneys, some cells faced necrosis and degeneration, but in general no significant effect was observed in comparison with control group. This result showed that the M. meretrix was not toxic and safe to be consumed. Sub chronic toxicity test of water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix was done by giving both extracts with doses of 0.1 and 1 g/kg bw for 90 days recurring basis. Test results showed that the water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix were not toxic to rats at the doses administered. There was no indication of metabolic disorders in rats after administration of water and methanol extracts at doses of 0.1 and 1 g/kg body weight. These treatments did not affect the growth of rats. No significant effect on liver and kidney weight of rats (p>0.05) was observed. Blood serum test on chemistry parameters of rats showed that water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix had no significant effect on levels of urea, cholesterol, and creatinine (p>0.05). Albumin and bilirubin levels were significantly different with controls (p<0.05), although the five parameters of the blood serum were still in the normal levels of blood serum chemistry for rats
SEX IDENTIFICATION THE DOG CONCH Strombus sp. ONLY MORPHOLOGY IN MADUNG WATERS, TANJUNGPINANG, INDONESIA
Full text linkIdentifikasi morfologi sebagai alternatif identifikasi jenis kelamin siput gonggong tanpa merusak cangkang dan viscera. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin siput gonggong Strombus sp. secara morfologi. Sampel diperoleh dari nelayan pengumpul di pesisir Madung, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia. Sampel dikoleksi pada saat surut terendah, hasil koleksi disimpan dalam wadah ember. Siput gonggong jenis kelamin jantan dan betina dibedakan secara morfologi melalui pengamatan visual terhadap cangkang tanpa pembedaan organ bagian dalam cangkang. Organ reproduksi diketahui dengan cara mengeluarkan keseluruhan daging dengan memecahkan cangkang. Panjang cangkang diukur menggunakan kaliper dengan ketelitian 0,01 mm. Panjang cangkang adalah jarak dari ujung anterior ke ujung posterior cangkang. Rasio jenis kelamin siput gonggong dianalisis dengan metode chi-square. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siput gonggong yang ditemukan adalah jenis Strombus canarium dan Strombus sp. dari total sampel sebanyak 1124 individu. Jenis kelamin siput gonggong dapat ditentukan secara morfologi berdasarkan kemontokan cangkang (lebar dan langsing). Bentuk cangkang lebar menandakan siput gonggong jenis kelamin betina, bentuk cangkang langsing menandakan siput gonggong jenis kelamin jantan. Nisbah kelamin siput gonggong jenis S. canarium dan Strombus sp. jantan dan betina dalam rasio berbeda.Morphological identification as an alternative sex identification of dog conch without damaging the shell and viscera. The study aimed to identify the gender of the dog conch Strombus sp. by morphology. Samples were obtained from fishermen collecting dog conch on the coast of Madung, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia. Samples were collected by hand at low tide. To distinguish between male and female dog conch is done by looking at the shell structure morphologically without seeing the internal organs of the body shell. To see the gonads or reproductive organs is done by removing the whole dog conch by breaking the shell. The shell length was measured using by caliper a precision 0.01 mm. The length of the shell is the distance from the anterior edge to the posterior end of the shell. To know the sex ratio of dog conch type analyzed chi-square. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that of the total sample of 1124 individuals, obtained two types of dog conch are Strombus canarium and Strombus sp. The determination of the gender of morphological dog conch can be seen from the structure of the shell (width and slim). The wide shell shape signifies a female, a slim form of shell signifying a male. The sex ratio of dog conch type S. canarium and Strombus sp. males and females in different ratios
Penguatan Sistem Manajemen Mutu dan Konsep Zero Waste Production pada Kelompok Pengolah Produk Perikanan di Kampung Madung
Full text linkKepulauan Riau merupakan salah satu Provinsi yang mengedepankan sektor perikanan sebagai salah satu ujung tombak perekonomiannya. Industri pada sektor tersebut masih didominasi oleh industri kecil menengah (IKM) yang umumnya bergerak pada produk olahan hasil perikanan. UMRAH sebagai salah satu Universitas di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau memiliki kewajiban dalam membantu mengembangkan industri kecil menengah (IKM) tersebut dengan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Adapun permasalahan utama pada mitra yaitu pemahaman tentang sistem manajemen mutu yang masih kurang. Selain itu, permasalahan lain adalah sosialisasi konsep zero waste production yang belum dilakukan. Konsep zero waste ini sangat perlu diterapkan mengingat tingginya limbah dari hasil produksi. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan dilakukan telah dilakuakan pembinaan dalam proses peningkatan mutu dengan mengidentifikasi titik kritis serta membuat alur proses prduksi serta relabeling dari produk yang diproduksi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KOMPONEN BIOAKTIF KEONG IPONG-IPONG (Fasciolaria salmo)
Full text linkIpong-ipong snail (Fasciolaria salmo) is one of sea water gastropods that have not been utilized optimally. People believe that the snail has the ef cacies for increasing stamina and vitality. However, scienti c data supporting the ef cacy of this snail has not been elucidated yet. The purposes of this research was determined the yield, chemical content (water, protein, fat, ash, acid insoluble ash and carbohydrates), bioactive components and antioxidant activity. The yield of shells, meat, and viscera were 69.69%, 22.08% and 8.22%, respectively. Watercontent, protein, fat, ash, acid insoluble ash and carbohydrates were 73.075%, 18.28%, 0.575%, 2.77%, 0.15% and 5.2%, respecitevely. Six bioactive components were detected i.e alkaloids, steroids, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, peptides and amino acids. Antioxidant activity using DPPH method obtained the result IC50 of the meat extract with chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent were 9210 ppm, 6825 ppm, 1513.8 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile for viscera extract were. 2825 ppm, 4600 ppm and 994,47 ppm, respectively.Keywords: antioxidants, bioactives, Fasciolaria salmo, proximate, yield
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KOMPONEN BIOAKTIF KEONG IPONG-IPONG (Fasciolaria salmo)
No full textIpong-ipong snail (Fasciolaria salmo) is one of sea water gastropods that have not been utilized optimally. People believe that the snail has the ef cacies for increasing stamina and vitality. However, scienti c data supporting the ef cacy of this snail has not been elucidated yet. The purposes of this research was determined the yield, chemical content (water, protein, fat, ash, acid insoluble ash and carbohydrates), bioactive components and antioxidant activity. The yield of shells, meat, and viscera were 69.69%, 22.08% and 8.22%, respectively. Water content, protein, fat, ash, acid insoluble ash and carbohydrates were 73.075%, 18.28%, 0.575%, 2.77%, 0.15% and 5.2%, respecitevely. Six bioactive components were detected i.e alkaloids, steroids, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, peptides and amino acids. Antioxidant activity using DPPH method obtained the result IC50 of the meat extract with chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent were 9210 ppm, 6825 ppm, 1513.8 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile for viscera extract were. 2825 ppm, 4600 ppm and 994,47 ppm, respectively
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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