138 research outputs found
Limitanei w Historia Augusta. Czy wzmianki o armii przygranicznej można wykorzystać do datowania Historia Augusta?
No full textThe Historia Augusta is the most enigmatic source of the late antiquity. Its author often departs from the truth, even on most salient issues. He not only suggests that he had written his work earlier than he actually did, but also assumes 6 different nickdonyms to confirm his version of events. Limitanei (the sold in of throntier districts) were mentioned in Historia Augusta four times. All these references, however, contain anachronistic terminology both for the times when, according to the author, they were to happen and the times of writing. In the article below I have analyzed these references. I believe that it allows us to better undr understanding of the author's mentality. One of themse references is dee paortant. For long time it was believed to be a testimony to the transformation of the Roman frontier army into a peasant militia. This interpretation seems to be rejected nowadays. Today this interpretatgment describes the use of land by limitanei soldiers, which is confirmed in codex sources only in the middle of the 5th century, it may serve as a hint regarding the time when the notes hmay have been taken. Meanwhile, in the presnt times most of scholars today believe that the Historia Augusta was w in the late 4th or early 5th century. While based on this reference, it is impossible to date the creation of the Historia Augusta in prove useful when starting a discussion about dating this source e again. remains a clue that allows us to start a discussion about dating this source again.Historia Augusta jest najbardziej enigmatycznym źródłem, które powstało w późnym antyku. Jego autor ukrył czas, w którym go stworzył, oraz użył 6 różnych pseudonimów. Sugeruje w swoich biografiach, że pisał za panowania tetrarchów lub Konstantyna Wielkiego, a w rzeczywistości nastąpiło to dużo później. W Historia Augusta zostały wymienione cztery razy jednostki limitanei. Oczywiście wszystkie te wzmianki używają terminologii anachronicznej dla czasów, w których miały zostać napisane, czy miały się rozgrywać. W poniższym artykule poddałem analizie owe wzmianki dotyczące wojsk przygranicznych w Historia Augusta. Pozwalają one nam lepiej poznać mentalność owego autora. Szczególnie jedna z tych wzmianek była istotna. Długo uważano, że jest ona świadectwem przekształcenia rzymskiej armii nadgranicznej w chłopską milicję. Dziś zarzucono tego typu przekonanie. Niemniej opisuje ona użytkowanie ziemi przez żołnierzy limitanei, co poświadczone jest w źródłach kodeksowych dopiero w połowie V w. Tymczasem większość badaczy uważa dziś, że Historia Augusta powstała w końcu IV lub na początku V w. O ile na podstawie tej wzmianki nie sposób jednoznacznie datować powstanie Historia Augusta na połowę V w., to jednak pozostaje ona wskazówką, która pozwala na nowo rozpocząć dyskusję o datowaniu powstania tego źródła
Arquitetura e luz: o átrio (ex-pátio)
No full textEste trabalho analisa o átrio como espaço integrante de edificações não residenciais quanto ao seu potencial em fornecer luz do dia. A leitura proposta e os esquemas aqui apresentados investigam as possibilidades de decisões do arquiteto em relação ao espaço do átrio frente às condições de cada projeto. Um resumo histórico da utilização de tais elementos compositivos na arquitetura evidencia seu uso por propósitos projetuais, climáticas e de qualidade ambiental. Para estudo dos aspectos qualitativos da incorporação do átrio no conjunto da edificação serão tomados casos cujo vazio central se expressa marcadamente
Joaquim Maria, personagem
No full textOrientador : Marilene WeinhardtDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa: Curitiba, 2010Inclui bibliografiaResumo: Desde Lukács a utilização de personagens históricos vem sendo apontada como uma das características do Romance Histórico. Teorias recentes como as desenvolvidas por Seymour Menton e Linda Hutcheon reafirmam essa característica postulada por Lukács. Machado de Assis há muito deixou de ser, apenas, o autor de célebres contos e romances. Contemporaneamente, o escritor Machado de Assis surge na ficção histórica brasileira contemporânea como Joaquim Maria, personagem ficcional. A intertextualidade com a biografia machadiana está presente em todas as obras que usam o recurso de ficcionalizá-lo, não é somente coincidência onomástica. De acordo com os critérios ado ados: as obras serem lançadas ou reeditadas a partir de 2000 e apresentarem Machado de Assis como personagem, foram selecionadas quatro obras que compõem o corpus da pesquisa: Um amante muito amado: Machado de Assis, de Maria Eli Queiroz, Por onde andará Machado de Assis?, de Ayrton Marcondes, Machado e Juca, de Luiz Antonio Aguiar e A Filha do Escritor, de Gustavo Bernardo. Esses romances podem ser considerados novos romances históricos nos termos de Menton ou metaficções historiográficas de acordo com Hutcheon? A ficção histórica brasileira contemporânea apresenta uma verve paródica? A paródia funciona como uma forma de homenagem? De que forma podemos justificar o crescente número de obras que ficcionalizam a figura do escritor Machado de Assis?Abstract: Since Lukács the historical characters’ use has been pointed as one of the characteristics of the Historical Novel. Recent theories as the ones developed by Seymour Menton and Linda Hutcheon reaffirm the characteristic postulated by Lukács. Since a long time ago Machado de Assis is not only the author of famous short stories and novels. Contemporaneously, Machado de Assis appears in the Brazilian historical fiction as Joaquim Maria, fictional character. The intertextuality with Machado de Assis’ biography appears in all the works that use his fictionalization feature , it is not only name coincidence. In agreement with the adopted critery, to use works published or republished from 2000 and that introduce Machado de Assis as character, four works were selected for the composition of research’s corpus : Um amante muito amado: Machado de Assis, by Maria Eli Queiroz; Por onde andará Machado de Assis?, by Ayrton Marcondes, Machado e Juca, by Luiz Antonio Aguiar and A Filha do Escritor, by Gustavo Bernardo. Can those
novels be considered as new historical novels in the Menton’s term or historiographics’ metafictions in agreement with Hutcheon? Does the Brazilian historical fiction contemporary present a parodic side? Does the parody work as a tribute form? How could we justify the growing number of works that transform Machado de Assis in a fiction character
August II Wettyn’s Posthumous Medals
No full textThe author describes in detail a number of examples of medallic, graphic and artistic works associated with the medals of August II Wettyn. The most important goal of the creators of these medals was to popularize the figure of the deceased ruler – August II Wettyn – in commemoration of whom the medals were made. The main purpose of the research work was to demonstrate the relationship between the described monuments of art.Autor opisuje szczegółowo szereg przykładów dzieł sztuki medalierskiej, graficznej i rzeźbiarskiej mających związek z medalami pośmiertnymi Augusta II Wettyna. Najważniejszym celem twórców wzmiankowanych medali była popularyzacja wśród odbiorców postaci zmarłego władcy – Augusta II Wettyna – na którego cześć były one emitowane. Autor za główne zadanie pracy badawczej przyjął wykazanie związków pomiędzy opisywanymi zabytkami sztuki
The biography of Emperor Commodus in Historia Augusta as a criticism to Dominate (IV century AD)
No full textNo contexto da Antiguidade Tardia, compreendida entre meados do século III d.C. e início do século VII d.C., observamos o poder imperial romano ressaltando o momento histórico do IV século d.C., que se apresenta em meio a uma transição de elementos culturais, religiosos, políticos, econômicos e sociais. Momento em que novas reflexões sobre as atitudes do imperador e sua cultura serão refletidas. Assim destacamos a História Augusta, que segundo acreditamos teria sido elaborada nesse contexto. Trata-se uma documentação bastante controversa e polêmica, que possui classificação do corpus, datação e autoria em aberto e em plena discussão entre os especialistas. Ao longo da análise de nossa documentação textual, constatamos a existência de inquietantes particularidades de caráter atribuídas ao Imperador Cômodo que, a nosso ver, se articula ao péssimo relacionamento que o este possuía com o Senado romano, que sentiu sofrer uma redução de espaço na política frente ao poder que o imperador agora possuía durante o Dominato. Em razão disso, buscamos demonstrar que o autor, ou autores, da História Augusta, mais especificamente aquele que redigiu a Vida do Imperador Cômodo, fazia parte do Senado e desejava realizar uma crítica ao Poder Imperial sob o Dominato, através da construção dessa biografia.In the context of the Late Antiquity, that comprehended the period between mid-century III AD and the beginning of the VII century AD, we observe the Roman Imperial Power standing out the historical moment of the IV century AD, which presents itself through a transition of cultural, religious, political, economic and social elements. Also, in this period, new reflections on the emperor’s attitudes and culture will be reflected. Thus, we highlight the Historia Augusta, which we believe it would had been elaborated in this context. It is a very controversial and polemical documentation, which has corpus classification, chronological dating and authorship open and in full discussion among the scholars. Throughout the analysis of our textual documentation, we verified the existence of disturbing particularities of character attributed to Emperor Commodus which, as we understand, it articulates with the bad relationship this emperor had with the Roman Senate, that suffered a space reduction in politics before the power that the Emperor had during Dominate. As a result, we intend to demonstrate that the author, or authors, of Historia Augusta, more specifically the one who wrote the Vita of Emperor Commodus, had been part of the Senate and had wanted to make a criticism to the Imperial Power under the Dominate through the construction of this biography
Senaculum, or women’s senate in the Historia Augusta – anti-christian discourse or misogyny?
No full textW Historia Augusta, zbiorze biografii cesarskich, w których autor przyjął sześć fikcyjnych pseudonimów oraz ukrył czas napisania swojego dzieła, dwukrotnie pojawia się termin senaculum, senat kobiet. Dzieło to jest pełne nieprawdziwych faktów, więc instytucja została najprawdopodobniej wymyślona przez autora. Najczęściej widzi się w niej żart z listów Hieronima lub Nowego Testamentu. Uważam, że należy interpretować te wzmianki przez pryzmat antykobiecych uprzedzeń autora.The Historia Augusta [Augustan History] is a specific collection of imperial biographies, which confirms the fact that its author wrote his work under six fictitious pseudonyms and lied about the time of its creation. It is not obvious when the Historia Augusta exactly was written, but surely after the time indicated by the author. Saneaculum (the Women’s Senate) is mentioned in the Historia Augusta twice, but, as the work is full of false facts, it is likely that the Women’s Senate was made up by the author. Historians most often perceive this institution as a joke referring to the letters of Saint Jerome or the New Testament. In this article, it is shown that mentions about the Saneaculum should rather be interpreted as anti-feminist prejudice of the author of the Historia [email protected] Suski – doktor habilitowany, profesor Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. Zatrudniony w Instytucie Historii i Nauk Politycznych. Badacz dziejów antyku. Zainteresowania badawcze koncentruje wokół historii późnego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego, kryzysu wieku III, dziejów tetrarchii, historii politycznej, historii mentalności i kultury oraz późnoantycznej historiografii. Popularyzator wiedzy historycznej za pośrednictwem radia, publikacji popularnonaukowych i wykładów dla młodzieży licealnej.Uniwersytet w BiałymstokuAE – L’Année épigraphique, Paris 1888.Cassius, Dion. Historia romana, ed. Ursul Philip Boissevain, Cassii Dionis Cocceiani Historiarum romanarum quae supersunt, Berlin 1885–1901.CIL – Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin 1863.Desau – Hermann Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Berlin 1982–1916.Festus, De verborum significatu, ed. Wallace Martin Lindsay, Sexti Pompei Festi De verborum significatu quae supersunt cum Pauli epitome, Leipzig 1913.Hieronim, Adversus Jovinianum, ed. Luce Robinet, Jerome Adversus Jovinianum, Paris 2004.Hieronim, Epistulae, ed. Jérôme Labourt, Jerome, Correspondance, Paris 1949–1954.Historia Augusta, ed. Ernst Hohl, Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Leipzig 1965.Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, ed. Robert Seymour Conway, Carl Flamstead Walters, T. Livi: ab urbe condita, Oxford 1914–1935.Suetonius, De vita Caesarum, ed. Maximilian Ihm, C. Suetonii Tranquilli opera. Vol. 1. De vita Caesarum libri VIII, Leipzig 1908.Valerius Maximus, Facta et dicta memorabilia, ed. John Briscoe, Valeri Maximi facta et dicta memorabilia, Stuttgart 1998.Zosimos, Historia nova, ed. François Paschoud, Histoire Nouvelle, Paris 1971–1989.Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo. Varian Studies Volume One: Varius, (Cambridge : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017). ISBN 978-1-4438-9864-5.Barnes, Timothy D. The Sources of the Historia Augusta, (Bruxelles : Latomus, 1978). ISBN 2870310056.Benario, Herbert W. „Julia Domna: Mater Senatus et Patriae”, Phoenix, vol. 12, 1958, 67-70.Birley, Anthony. „Rewriting second- and third-century history in late antique Rome: the Historia Augusta”, Classica, vol. 19, 2006, 19-29.Chastagnol, André. Histoire Auguste. Les empereurs romains des IIe et IIIe siècles, (Paris : R. Laffont, 1994). ISBN 9782221057346.Chastagnol, André. „Les femmes dans l’ordre sénatorial: titulature et rang social à Rome”, Revue Historique, fasc. 1(531), 1979, 3-28.Chastagnol, André. Recherches sur l’Histoire Auguste, (Bonn : Habelt Verlag, 1970). ISBN 3774904200.Cracco Ruggini, Lellia. „Elagabalo, Constantino e i culti «Siriaci» nella Historia Augusta”, w: Giorgio Bonamente, François Paschoud (ed.), Historiae Augustae Colloquium Parisinum I, (Bari : Edipuglia, 1991).Donati, Angela. „Sull’iscrizione lanuvina della curia mulierum”, Rivista di storia antica, vol. 1, 1971, 235-237.Elefante, Maria. „A proposito del Senaculum mulierum”, Rendiconti della Accademia di archeologia, lettere e belle arti della Societŕ Nazionale di Scienze Lettere ed Arti di Napoli, vol. 8, 1982, 91-107.Hemelrijk, Emily. Hidden Lives, Public Personae: Women and Civic Life in the Roman West, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2015). ISBN 9780190251888.Hemelrijk, Emily. Matrona docta, Educated women in the Roman élite from Cornelia to Julia Domna, (London–New York : Routledge, 1999). ISBN 978-0415341271.Icks, Martijn. The crimes of Elagabalus: the life and legacy of Rome’s decadent boy emperor, (London : I.B. Tauris, 2011). ISBN 9781848853621.Kluczek, Agata. „Gallien w Historia Augusta, czyli sordidissimus feminarum omnium”, w: Monika Anna Kubiaczyk, Filip Kubiaczyk (red.), Płeć i władza w kontekstach historycznych i współczesnych, (Gniezno : Instytut Kultury Europejskiej UAM, 2014), 53-70. ISBN 978-83-60251-89-8.Kotula, Tadeusz. „Wiktoria – matka cesarza: rzeczywistość a legenda”, Eos, t. 78, 1990, 361-369. ISSN 0012-7825.Kuhoff, Wolfgang. „Iulia Aug. mater Aug. n. et castrorum et senatus et patriae”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, vol. 97, 1993, 259-271. ISSN 0084-5388.Okoń, Danuta. „Iulia Augusta mater w świetle źródeł epigraficznych”, Przegląd Zachodniopomorski, nr 2, 2012, 7-16. ISSN 0552-4245.Paschoud, François. Histoire Auguste, 4.3: Vies des Trente Tyrans et de Claude, (Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 2011). ISBN 978-2-251-01460-9.Paschoud, François. Histoire Auguste, 5.1: Vies d’Aurélien, Tacite, (Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 1996). ISBN 9782251013954.Paschoud, François. „L’auteur de l’Histoire Auguste est-il un apostat?”, w: François Chausson, Étienne Wolff (ed.), Consuetudinis amor. Fragments d’histoire romaine [IIe–VIe siècles] offerts à Jean-Pierre Callu, (Roma : L’Erma di Bretschneider, 2007), 357-370. ISBN 978-88-82652-16-6.Pasqualini, Anna. „CIL XIV 2120, la curia mulierum di Lanuvio e l’«associazionismo» delle donne romane”, w: Alfredo Buonopane, Francesca Cenerini (ed.), Donna e vita cittadina nella documentazione epigrafica, (Faenza : Stabilimento Grafico Lega, 2005), 259-274. ISBN 978-88-75940-90-4.Platner, Samuel Ball, Ashby, Thomas. A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1929).Pomeroy, Sarah B. Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity, (New York : Schocken Books, 1975). ISBN 0-8052-3562-0.Rohrbacher, David. The Play of Allusion in the Historia Augusta, (Madison : University of Wisconsin Press, 2016). ISBN 9780299306007.Schwartz, Jacques. „Arguments philologiques pour dater l’Histoire Auguste”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, vol. 15, 1966, 454-465. ISSN 0018-2311.Straub, Johannes. „Senaculum, id est mulierum senatus”, Bonner Historia-Augusta-Colloquium, band 5, 1964, (Veröffentlichungsdatum : 1966), 221-240.Suski, Robert. Jowisz, Jahwe, Jezus. Religie w Historia Augusta, (Warszawa : Sub Lupa, 2015). ISBN 978-83-64003-15-8.Syme, Ronald. Emperors and Biography: Studies in the Historia Augusta, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1971). ISBN 0198143575.Talbert, Richard J.A. The Senate of Imperial Rome, (Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1984). ISBN 9780691102382.Turcan, Robert. Histoire Auguste, 3.1: Vies de Macrin, Diaduménien, Héliogabale, (Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 1993). ISBN 9782251013695.Turcan, Robert. „Heliogabale precurseur de Constantin?”, Bulletin de l’Association Guillaume Budé, no. 47, 1988, 38-52. ISSN 0004-5527.Zinsli, Samuel Christian. „Vari-ations in the Historia Augusta”, w: Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado (ed.), Varian Studies Volume Three: A Varian Symposium, (Cambridge : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017). ISBN 978-1-4438-9576-7.Zinsli, Samuel Christian. Kommentar zur Vita Heliogabali der Historia Augusta, (Bonn : Habelt Verlag, 2014). ISBN 978-3-7749-3856-4.1(6)17418
Juízo (Judment) and the theater of justice: narrative and performance
No full textO texto apresenta análise do filme Juízo (Maria Augusta Ramos, 2007), documentário que trabalha predominantemente no modo observacional e aborda a vida de menores infratores no Rio de Janeiro, tendo como foco a questão da performance dos sujeitos filmados e a tensão que se estabelece entre o desejo destes sujeitos de se auto-representar e as estratégias narrativas utilizadas pela autora.The text is an analysis of the movie Juízo (Maria Augusta Ramos, 2007), a documentary working most predominantly the observational mode and thematizing the lives of young law-offenders in Rio de Janeiro. It focuses on the matter of the performance made by the recorded subjects and the tension established between such subjects\u27 desire while representing themselves and the narrative strategies applied by the author
Kommodus – zmartwychwstający gladiator (Cass. Dio 73, 21, 3; Historia Augusta, Commodus, 16, 6–7)
No full textThe author of a key monograph on Commodus, O. Hekster, has prudently analyzed two key sources in explaining the emperor's seemingly irrational behavior, the work of Cassius Dion (73, 21, 3) and the Historia Augusta, Comm. (16, 6–7). Both testimonies report on the Ruler’s participation in gladiatorial combat in 192 AD. This episode was usually considered a manifestation of Emperor’s madness. Hekster however, following T. Wiedemann (Emperors and Gladiators), concluded that Commodus in the arena manifested the gladiatorial ethos: courage, the victory of life over death and civilization over savagery. For this reason, he incorporated the Emperor’s show-offs into the religious politics of the Ruler, who identified himself with Hercules, the defender of order and civilization. In the arena gladiator-New Hercules combined both ideas. Probably, however, the episode mentioned in both sources gave Commodus more than identification with the hero. For the Emperor played out his resurrection in the arena. The transfer of his helmet through the amphitheater’s Porta Libitina (the bodies of slain gladiators were carried out through it) and its re-entry into the arena, in the eyes of spectators familiar with arena ritual, was seen as the Ruler’s return from the afterlife. However, there are no threads of the Hercules myth in this thoughtful scene, and its symbolism was contained only in the ceremony of munera gladiatoria. At least in this crucial episode for theatrical representations of the Ruler, the Emperor personifying the gladiator ethos was dominant, and this creation should be considered a propaganda masterpiece. Its effect, however, in view of the Ruler’s imminent death, was instead minor.Autor kluczowej monografii o Kommodusie, O. Hekster, dokonał roztropnej analizy dwu kluczowych w wyjaśnianiu pozornie nieracjonalnego zachowania cesarza źródeł: dzieła Kasjusza Diona (73, 21, 3) oraz Historia Augusta, Comm. (16, 6–7). Oba świadectwa relacjonują udział władcy w walkach gladiatorów w 192 r. n.e. Epizod ten uznawano zwykle za przejaw tzw. choroby cezarów. Hekster natomiast, idąc za T. Wiedemannem (Emperors and Gladiators), uznał, że Kommodus na arenie manifestował etos gladiatorski: odwagę, zwycięstwo życia nad śmiercią i cywilizacji nad dzikością. Z tego powodu popisy cesarza włączył do religijnej polityki władcy, który utożsamiał się z Herkulesem, obrońcą ładu i cywilizacji. Na arenie gladiator-Nowy Herkules łączył obie te idee. Chyba jednak wspomniany w obu źródłach epizod dawał Kommodusowi więcej niż identyfikację z herosem. Cesarz odegrał bowiem na arenie swoje zmartwychwstanie. Wyniesienie jego hełmu przez amfiteatralną porta Libitinaria (wynoszono nią ciała zabitych gladiatorów) i ponowne jej wprowadzenie na arenę, w oczach obeznanych z rytuałem areny widzów, postrzegano jako powrót władcy z zaświatów. W tej przemyślanej scenie nie ma jednak wątków mitu Herkulesa, a jej symbolika mieściła się tylko w ceremoniale munera gladiatoria. Przynajmniej w tym kluczowym dla teatralnych przedstawień władcy epizodzie dominował cesarz uosabiający etos gladiatora, a tę kreację uznać należy za propagandowy majstersztyk. Jego efekt jednak, wobec rychłej śmierci władcy, był natomiast niewielki
Race relations in Augusta, Georgia 1900-1910 as reflected in the Augusta Chronicle and other related materials, 1975
No full text\'El casamiento engañoso\' and \'El coloquio de los perros\': annotated translation and study of two short novels by Cervantes
No full textEsta dissertação consiste na tradução anotada de duas novelas de Cervantes: O casamento enganoso e O colóquio dos cães, que fazem parte da coleção de doze novelas publicadas pelo autor em 1613 sob o título Novelas exemplares. As traduções são precedidas de um estudo no qual se discutem: a origem, a cronologia e a classificação das novelas, sua originalidade e exemplaridade, bem como os conceitos de admiratio e verossimilhança, aos quais os escritores do século XVII dedicavam especial atenção.This dissertation consists of the annotated translation of two short novels by Cervantes: El casamiento engañoso e El coloquio de los perros, both part of the collection of twelve short novels published by the author in 1613, Novelas ejemplares. The translations are preceded by a study in which the following topics are examined: the origin, the chronology and the classification of the short novels, their originality and exemplariness, as well as the concepts of admiratio and verisimilitude, to which XVII century writers dedicated especial attention
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