1,721,074 research outputs found
Oilseed Cakes in Italy and France: Opportunities and Difficulties of a Market (late 19th and first half of the 20th Century)
No full textThis paper addresses the trade and commercialisation of oilseed cakes (residues from the extraction of oils) and press cakes in Italy and France during the last decades of the 19 th century and in the first half of the 20 th century. It tries to demonstrate that the diffusion of oilseed cakes for livestock, a distinctive sign of the intensification of breeding that involved all of Europe, or as organic fertilisers, took place at the crossroads of multiple dynamics. Trade policy of the states, industrial choices and development paths of the different rural worlds help to explain the variations in timing, spatial scale and methods used. The spread of oilseed cakes confirms that the modernisation of European agriculture happened on different and interrelated fronts
Gli ebrei dello Stato pontificio tra fine dell’antico regime ed età napoleonica: periferie senza centro?
No full textWhat attractiveness did the main pole of pontifical Judaism have on the other communities of the State? How was the center-periphery relationship built in relation to and within the Jewish world? In this contribution we will try to show, starting from an in-depth analysis of some legal disputes, how this relationship was marked, between the end of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, by a substantial absence of recognized and established hierarchies. To complete this process, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, on the other hand, analyse some conflicts which occurred between the Roman community and the other communities of the State; paragraph 5 intends to provide a look at the Napoleonic era, as a temporal term of the period studied here and as an element of caesura, for the profound political upheavals it brought with it and which profoundly marked the history of the relationship between communities and with political authorities; finally, in paragraph 6, some concise concluding remarks follow
Quali concimi, per quali suoli? Alberto De Dominicis e i concimi azotati nel Mezzogiorno d’Italia fra le due guerre mondiali
No full textThe purpose of this article is to reconstruct a piece of the debate on the paths to the modernization of agriculture in the Southern Italy between the two world wars, through the position of one of the protagonists of the time, Alberto De Dominicis (1879-1952). What drives this research is the intent to investigate the composite matrix of the intense debate, which accompanied the progressive and uneven spread of chemical fertilizers, specifically, nitrogen fertilizers. After an introductory paragraph, the agronomic aspects and the roots of this debate in Italy and outside Italy are reconstructed in the second paragraph. Paragraph 3 is dedicated to the agronomic issues of De Dominicis’ thought, while paragraph 4 deals with the relationship between economy, environment and education in the complex issue of the adoption of chemical fertilization, object of the reflection of De Dominicis.
Conclusions follow (paragraph 5)
The great transition? Victualling systems and grain markets in the Italian Peninsula between the 18th and 19th centuries
No full textThis contribution intends to identify the features of the wheat market in the Italian peninsula at the end of the ancien régime and to highlight persistence and breaks with the industrial era. The choice of the Italian case is justified for several reasons: on the supply side, the peninsula presented a very differentiated agricultural scenario, capable of triggering different grain (and also wheat) trading and consumption circuits; its geographical location made it, in part, a place of transit and landing for grain, especially from the Black Sea area. Four related aspects have been investigated: the link between the cultural debate on free trade, the victualling system and the role of cities (paragraphs 1 and 2), the reasons for the persistence of the old system in the 19th century and relations with the trade policies of the States, with special focus on Central Italy (paragraph 3), the changes in wheat circuits and consumption dynamics (paragraph 4). Conclusions follow (paragraph 5)
The Wealth of Periphery? Food Provisioning, Merchants, and Cereals in the Papal States: The Case of the March of Ancona
No full textThe purpose of this chapter is the reconstruction of the fundamental traits of the provisioning system of the March of Ancona in the Papal States (or simply the March—Marca—in the heart of today’s Marche region), during the Early Modern Age. That is to say, to try to understand the mechanisms of the administration and the practices put in place to achieve the ideal of the good remuneration for producers and the market access for consumers. It seems appropriate to divide our analysis in three parts, devoted to the different institutional and economic aspects that the polysemy of the
research object implies. First, the organisational structures of the victualling system are taken into account, starting from certain specific cases. After this ‘horizontal’ and comparative analysis conducted on the municipal statutes and official regulations instituting the victualling offices, in the second part a ‘vertical’ analysis follows, in which the mechanism of cereals accumulation and distribution in the region is analysed in detail. In the third and final part, instead, we suggest some concluding reflections on the role of trade in this victualling system
The grain trade and minorities in the early modern Italian Peninsula and beyond: An introduction
No full textThis paper introduces the Special Issue ‘Minorities and Grain Trade in Early Modern Europe’. While an area’s traditional supply circuits benefitted from satisfactory harvests and a stable food demand, minorities’ contribution became crucial during crisis. Due to their commercial networks, facilities, and capital, minorities and their agents were able to cope with market disruption, especially when inflation and the reconfiguration of supply areas rendered ‘traditional’ grain merchants unable to face the emergency. The papers included in the Special Issue focus on the geographical and financial scope of legal grain-trading minorities’ businesses and their degree of specialisation and analyse how political authorities’ reliance on minorities to face food scarcity not only represented an economic opportunity for minorities but also contributed to shaping their relationship with public authorities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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