14 research outputs found
<Articles>A Version of Ḥurūfī Eschatology: Sayyid Isḥāq Astarābādī’s Discourse on the End of Time (Special Issue : Ruining)
No full text十四世紀後半から十七世紀にかけて主にイランで活動していた千年王国主義的な神秘主義集団のフルーフィー教団が創始者ファドルッラー・アスタラーバーディー（一三九四年刑死）を神と奉じたことは夙に有名であるが、その内実はこれまで明らかとされてこなかった。本稿では、ファドルッラーの神格化を考える糸口として、フルーフィー教団員サイイド・イスハーク・アスタラーバーディー（一四三一年以降没）の著作に描かれた時間論と終末論に焦点を当てる。サイイド・イスハークは、師ファドルッラーを「神性顕現の場」と呼び、繰り返される歴史のサイクルの果てに再顕現するアダムだと表現する。師に対するこれらの表象は、著者独自の時間把握に基づくものであり、ファドルッラーを以て人類史は、終末の到来を前提とする「神性の時代」に突入したとされる。著者は終末に神は万民を「顕現の場」とすると想定し、この事態の象徴として師を神格化したと考えられる。Triggered by the collapse of the ʿAbbasid caliphate due to the Mongol invasion (1258), eastern Islamdom, especially Iran, sought new forms of religious authority. Ḥurūfiyya (Letterist), a millenarian mystical order founded by Faḍlullah Astarābādī (d. 1394) in the late fourteenth century, responded to this religious urgency with a surprising answer. That was the deification of its founder. After the execution of the founder by Tīmūr's son Mīrānshāh (d. 1408), some adherents remained in Iran, and others migrated to Anatolia to join the Bektashī Order. After the founder's death, the members of the order continued to write actively in Iran and Anatolia; however, most of their works, which need to be utilized to clarify their religious arguments, remain unpublished. This paper will shed light on the issue of Fadlullah's divinity through analysis of the eschatology of Sayyid Isḥāq Astarābādī (d. after 1431), one of the most famous disciples of Faḍlullāh. The reason why this paper focuses on his eschatology is that, in his works Maḥram-nāma (Book of Confidence) and Turāb-nāma (Book of Dust), he advocates the following three-fold periodization: the age of prophethood (nubūwat), which begins with Adam and ends with Muḥammad; the age of sainthood (walāyat), which starts with ʿAlī and ends with Faḍlullah; and the age of divinity (ulūhiyyat), which begins with Faḍlullāh and continues until the end of time. The analysis of the age of divinity can offer a clue to clarify the religious authority attributed to Faḍlullāh by Ḥurūfiyya. In the first section, I introduce some of the doctrines of Ḥurūfiyya that are not well documented in Japanese scholarship but are relevant to this paper's aim. In the second section, based primarily on Maḥram-nāma, I examine the linear and circular time models depicted therein. In the former model, Faḍlullāh is regarded as the seal of the saints who disclose the true meaning of the religious law brought by the prophets, and as the place of divine manifestation (maẓhar-i ulūhiyyat) according to the three-fold periodization mentioned above. The latter model of time somewhat oddly sees the history of the created world as cyclical, repeating at regular intervals since its creation. According to this circular model of time, Faḍlullāh is identified with Adam, who reappears at the end of a total cycle (dawr-i kullī) that repeats itself in 1360 years. This identification of Faḍlullāh with Adam is based on the supposition that both of them are the perfect human (insān-i kāmil) who attains full knowledge of the ontological words of God. In the third section, the apocalypse presented in Turāb-nāma is examined in detail. The apocalypse supposed by the author differs from general Islamic discourses and has been uniquely modified in the Ḥurūfī style. Based on the episode of Moses' Vocation in the Qurʾān, Sayyid Isḥāq argues that at the end of time, every human being will witness God. According to the author's argument, in the apocalypse, all people will “faint, ” which means that they will return their bodily forms to God. After that, all people will be resurrected “in the form and speech of God, ” which means that human beings, who were originally created in the image of God, will become conscious of their own ontological state. A consideration of the eschatology formulated by Sayyid Isḥāq leads to the prospect that since the creation of Adam, not only Faḍlullah but all men have already been the place where God manifests himself. This paper concludes that the author attributed divinity to Faḍlullāh as symbolic of the formula that every human being is essentially a place of divine manifestation
<Articles>Thus Spoke a Mahdī: Sayyid Muhammad al-Musha'sha''s Logic for Self-proclamation as a Mahdī
No full textモンゴル勢力がアッバース朝カリフを殺害したことで、イスラーム世界では旧来の宗教的権威が不在となった。これに対し、一四～十五世紀のイランのシーア派は、マフディーを僭称する者を断続的に生み出し、既存の政治体制を揺るがした。本稿では、そのようなマフディー自称者のひとりであるサイイド・ムハンマド・ムシャアシャアの教説書『マフディーの言葉』を取り上げて、著者のマフディー自称を補強するために展開された種々の論理を検討する。彼は自身の論の基盤となる「霊肉二元論」から「歴代イマームらの不死」や「アリーの神格化」といった様々な異端的なテーゼを派生させ、これらを組み合わせることで隠れイマームを終末の日に現れるメシアと認めつつも、その実際的な顕現を否定し、自らをその代理として位置付けることに成功した。彼の思想は、非現実的なメシア主義を現実化させて、己の統治権を追認するといった性格と評すことができる。After the Mongol invasion and the murder of the last 'Abbāsid Caliph during the 13th century, the absence of central religious authority prompted several messianic movements throughout the Islamic world. More specifically, the eschatological expectation of the Mahdi pervaded the Persianate world, and several individuals claimed to be the Mahdī and sought to overthrow the established regime with help from their militant followers. As is shown in the case of Safavid movement --even though it was one of few successful cases of the establishment of a new body politic--, the serial struggles led by those Mahdīs had the potential to change the religio-political milieu. This paper focuses on one of those self-proclaimed Mahdīs, Sayyid Muhammad al-Musha'sha' (d. 1466), who established a local dynasty in Khūzistān in the middle of the 15th century, and his own work Kalām al- Mahdī, which he composed in Arabic. This unpublished work is infamous for its heterodox tenets based on the Twelver Shi'ite belief, such as the "deification of 'Alī" and the "immortality of twelve Imāms." Some scholars had tried to reconstruct Sayyid Muhammad's thought based on Kalām al-Mahdī. Nevertheless, they failed to explain systematically his claims, so that their researches have been no more than enumerations of his sensational theses. This seems to be caused by the textual structure of Kalām al-Mahdī, where most of theses are inconsistently scattered throughout the text. However in regard to the theory of his selfproclamation as a Mahdī, the text is logical enough to clarify it. The logic for Sayyid Muhammad's Mahdīhood can be summarized as follows: while he recognized the Hidden Imām of Twelver Shī'ite as the messianic Mahdī, he himself claimed to be a Mahdī as the deputy of the Hidden Imām. To dissolve this duality of Mahdīhood, the author constructed his own theory with the following three-step logic: 1) denial of the immediate manifestation of the Hidden Imām as the Mahdī; 2) demonstration of the reason why the Hidden Imām requires a deputy; 3) identification of the author as the deputy as he defined. In conclusion, Sayyid Muhammad routinized the radical Mahdism particular to the post-Mongol period, and successfully acquired religio-political authority derived from the awaited Mahdī
Observation of Magnetoresistance Effect in -Type Non-Degenerate Germanium With Co2Fe0.4Mn0.6Si Heusler Alloy Electrodes
No full textEffects of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate on properties of autopolymerized hard direct denture reline resins
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(歯学)This study evaluated the effects of the fluorinated monomer of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) on the properties of autopolymerized hard direct denture reline resins. Iso-butyl methacrylate (i-BMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) containing 30% TFEMA by weight were used as monomers, while poly(ethyl methacrylate) was used as a powder. Setting characteristics, dynamic mechanical properties, and changes over time, as well as wettability were determined by use of an oscillating rheometer, dynamic viscoelastometer, and contact angle meter. Water absorption and solubility were also measured according to ISO specifcations. The reline resin based on i-BMA had greater elasticity and stiffness properties, while that based on 2-HEMA showed fewer dynamic mechanical property changes over time with the addition of TFEMA. Furthermore, water absorption and solubility tended to be reduced and contact angle increased. The results of this study suggest that TFEMA improves mechanical properties and durability of reline resins over time.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第617号 学位授与年月日:平成25年9月4日Author: Kazuhiro Yoshida, Tadafumi Kurogi, Tetsurou Torisu, Ikuya Watanabe, Hiroshi MurataCitation: Dental Materials Journal, 32(5), pp.744-752; 2013Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(歯学) (2013-09-04)doctoral thesi
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylateが常温重合型硬質リライン材の物性に及ぼす効果
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of the fluorinated monomer of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) on the properties of autopolymerized hard direct denture reline resins. Iso-butyl methacrylate (i-BMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) containing 30% TFEMA by weight were used as monomers, while poly(ethyl methacrylate) was used as a powder. Setting characteristics, dynamic mechanical properties, and changes over time, as well as wettability were determined by use of an oscillating rheometer, dynamic viscoelastometer, and contact angle meter. Water absorption and solubility were also measured according to ISO specifcations. The reline resin based on i-BMA had greater elasticity and stiffness properties, while that based on 2-HEMA showed fewer dynamic mechanical property changes over time with the addition of TFEMA. Furthermore, water absorption and solubility tended to be reduced and contact angle increased. The results of this study suggest that TFEMA improves mechanical properties and durability of reline resins over time.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第617号 学位授与年月日:平成25年9月4日Author: Kazuhiro Yoshida, Tadafumi Kurogi, Tetsurou Torisu, Ikuya Watanabe, Hiroshi MurataCitation: Dental Materials Journal, 32(5), pp.744-752; 201
Novel Method for the Preparation of Controlled-Release Theophylline Granules Coated with a Polyelectrolyte Complex of Sodium Polyphos phate-Chitosan.
No full textFriction of zwitterionic hydrogel by dynamic polymer adsorption
Get PDFA simplified model describing the sliding friction of hydrogel on solid surface by dynamic adsorption of the polymer chains is proposed on the basis of polymer adsorption-repulsion theory. This dynamic adsorption model is used to analyze the friction results of zwitterionic hydrogels sliding over glass substrates with different substrate wettability, hydrogel swelling degree, ionic strength, and pH of bath solution. The adsorption time tau(b) of polymer strands is found to decrease with the increase in sliding velocity or the Weissenberg number as a result of stretching. The adsorption time tau(0)(b), and the adsorption energy U-ads at stress-free condition, which are characteristic for each friction system, are also estimated. Roughly, a master curve is observed for the normalized adsorption lifetime tau(b)/tau(0)(b) and the Weissenberg number, with less dependence on the adsorption energy and the bulk properties of the gels in the observed experimental conditions. Thus, the dynamic adsorption model successfully correlates the frictional behavior of hydrogels with the adsorption dynamics of polymer strands, which gives insight into the molecular design of hydrogels with predefined frictional properties for biomedical applications
食塊粒度に及ぼす食品のトロミの影響-嚥下の考慮-
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of thickeners with different levels of thickness on the sizes of particles in food boluses. In medical and nursing care, thickeners are used to make food safe for patients with dysphagia. However, the effect of thickeners on the foods they are added to, especially during swallowing, is still unclear. The bolus particles of 20 healthy volunteers were photographed, and the digital images were used to estimate the sizes of particles in them. Eight test samples with thickeners with different levels of thickness were tested: six grades of thickened carrot juice with raw carrots in it, raw carrot with banana, and raw carrot alone. The particle homogeneity index (HI) and particle size index (SI) just before swallowing were calculated. The viscosities of the liquid part of the test samples were also measured. The number of mastication cycles across the test samples was not significantly different. However, significant differences were found in SI and HI across the test samples: the absolute values of SI and HI tended to rise as the thickness of the test sample increased. The viscosity of the liquid part of the test sample also increased as the thickness increased. The differences in the thickness of food had an influence on the bolus particle sizes just before swallowing.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1182号 学位授与年月日:令和元年9月4日Author: Erika Yamaguchi, Tetsurou Torisu, Hiroaki Tada, Yuichi Tanabe, Tadafumi Kurogi, Shinya Mikushi, Hiroshi MurataCitation: Odontology, 107(4), pp.546–554; 201
A novel multi-structural reinforced treatment on Ti implant utilizing a combination of alkali solution and bioactive glass sol
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(歯学)Objective: Alkali treatment and bioactive glass (BG) sol dip-coating are well-known individual methods for titanium (Ti) surface modification. In this study, a unique combination of alkali treatment and bioactive glass sol dip coating was applied to the Ti substrate, then the mechanical properties and cell responses were investigated.
Methods: Based on the methods introduced above, the Ti substrate was treated by 6 mL of an NaOH 5 M aqueous solution for 24 h at 60 ̊C; this was followed by adding 1.2 mL of a BG 58S sol to form a novel combined nanostructure network covered by a thin BG layer. For the assessment of the formed coating layer, the morphology, elemental analysis, phase structure, adhesion property and the cell response of the untreated and treated surfaces were investigated.
Results:The BG coating layer was reinforced by the nanostructure, fabricated through the alkali treatment. The results obtained by applying the combined modification method confirmed that the mechanical and biological properties of the fabricated surface demonstrated the highest performance compared to that of the unmodified and individually modified surfaces.
Significance:The achieved upgrades for this method could be gained from the demanded porous nanostructure and the apatite transformation ability of the alkali treatment. Therefore, the hybridized application of the alkali-BG treatment could be introduced as a promising surface modification strategy for hard-tissue replacement applications.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1483号 学位授与年月日:令和5年3月20日Author: Mahdis Nesabi, Alireza Valanezhad, Sirus Safaee, Tetsurou Odatsu, Shigeaki Abe, Ikuya WatanabeCitation: The Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 124, art. no. 104837; 2021Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(歯学) (2023-03-20)doctoral thesi
Pain sensitivity after low-level clenching is influenced by preloading eccentric exercise
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(歯学)Purpose: To examine the effect of preloading eccentric exercise on pain sensitivity in healthy volunteers. Methods: In 20 healthy volunteers, pain-related sensations (6 items: pain, unpleasantness, fatigue, stiffness, tension, and soreness during maximum biting), and pain intensities induced by repeated electrical stimuli on the masseter and the hand palm were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) of 0?100 mm. Eccentric exercise (6 min?test) or gum chewing (6 min?control) was used as preloading exercise to evaluate the effect on pain sensitivities before and after low-level clenching (15 min) performed 2 days after the preloading exercise. Results: Eccentric exercise induced only low levels of pain-related sensations 2 days later. However, the time course of temporal summation induced by four repeated electrical stimuli on the masseter was influenced by the type of preloading exercise, i.e., temporal summation increased after the low-level clenching (P?=?0.016) when preloading was done by the eccentric exercise, while no significant change was observed when preloading was done by the gum chewing. Conclusions: Eccentric exercise may facilitate pain sensitivity induced by subsequent low-level clenching via the central nervous system. In addition, it was demonstrated that pain sensitivity after the low-level clenching could be influenced by the type of preloading exercise. These experimental results may suggest that eccentric exercise could act as one of the triggering factors in the mechanism by which tooth clenching leads to a chronic pain condition in susceptible individuals.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1277号 学位授与年月日:令和2年9月2日Author: Yuichi Tanabe, Tetsurou Torisu, Hiroaki Tada, Erika Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Murata, Antoon De Laat & Peter SvenssonCitation: Odontology, 109, pp.29-40; 2021Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(歯学) (2020-09-02)doctoral thesi
