71 research outputs found
Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan’s Poverty Trends
No full textThe paper explores the linkages between poverty, growth and inequality in the context of Pakistan. Time series macro data are used for the period 1979 to 2002. Consistent poverty and inequality measures are interpolated to facilitate the estimation of poverty elasticity with respect to growth and inequality in a multivariate regression framework. The paper also attempts to find out macroeconomic and structural correlates of inequality. The empirical findings—high poverty elasticity with respect to inequality measures—confirm the importance of inequality in poverty reducing effort. Inflation, sectoral wage gap, and terms of trade in favour of manufacturing exacerbate inequality, while progressive taxation, investment and development expenditure on social services play a significant role in reducing inequality. The results also indicate a positive correlation between per capita GDP and income inequality.Pakistan, Poverty Trend, Income Distribution, Poverty Elasticity with respect to Growth and Inequality
Remittances and Poverty Linkages in Pakistan: Evidence and Some Suggestions for Further Analysis
No full textGlobal remittances experienced a dramatic increase over the years, particularly since 1990 wherein the developing world emerged to be the major beneficiary accounting for 60 percent of the total amount. Because of the sheer volume, and magnitude of the remittances, and pre-eminence of these flows compared to the FDIs, development assistance and in some cases the trade related transactions, the development practitioners tended to focus and investigate the importance of remittances which are generally regarded as a dependable source for growth, improved welfare and poverty alleviation in the developing world. Given the fact that remittances flows entail wide ranging ramifications both for sending as well as receiving countries, difficult to be generalised, hence empirical evidence has been mounted though lack of consensus is visible.
Nexus Between Democracy, Corruption, and Income Inequality in South Asia
No full textThis study explores the interplay between corruption, democracy, and income inequality in South Asia, analysing data from 2012 to 2022. It incorporates variables from the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index (TI-CPI), Democracy Index by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and measures of income inequality, in addition to other control variables relevant to political governance and economic performance. Utilising the Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) approach, the research reveals that democracy, regulatory quality, income inequality, and population growth are associated with increased corruption, while effective corruption control, rule of law, and economic growth contribute to its reduction in the region. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers on enhancing democratic structures, governance efficiency, and the rule of law to combat corruption in South Asia.
JEL Classification Codes: O15, D73
Impact of Remittances on Economic Growth and Poverty: Evidence from Pakistan
No full textThe study focused on the importance of remittances inflow and its implication for economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan. By using ARDL approach we analyze the impact of remittances inflow on economic growth and poverty in Pakistan for the period 1973-2007. The district wise analysis of poverty suggest that overseas migration contributes to poverty alleviation in the districts of Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan however NWFP is not portraying a clear picture. The empirical evidence shows that remittances effect economic growth positively and significantly. Furthermore the study also finds that remittances have a strong and statistically significant impact on poverty reduction thus suggesting that there are substantial potential benefits associated with international migration for poor people in developing countries like Pakistan. So the importance of remittance inflows can not be denied in terms of growth enhancement and poverty reduction that consequently improves the social and economic conditions of the recipient country.Remittances; Growth; Poverty; Pakistan
A data-driven API recommendation approach for service mashup composition
No full textThe increasing availability of Web APIs has brought about a revolution in software development. Developers can now create innovative web applications by combining existing services. However, with so many APIs available, it can be challenging to identify the most suitable ones for a particular task. Many existing recommendation systems rely on keyword matching and historical data, which can limit their effectiveness when dealing with complex functional requirements and new mashup creation scenarios. This paper presents a new method for recommending web APIs to developers for mashup composition. Our goal is to improve the accuracy of recommendations, particularly when developers lack domain knowledge or encounter ambiguous functional descriptions. To achieve this, we propose a solution driven by natural text descriptions, which utilizes advanced techniques such as semantic enrichment and deep learning. The approach to recommendation methods combines content-based and quality-of-service (QoS) techniques with the advanced capabilities of BERT (Bidirectional et al. from Transformers) and Graph Generative Adversarial Networks (Graph GAN). BERT's contextual understanding of text allows us to capture more comprehensive functional descriptions, overcoming the limitations of traditional keyword matching. Meanwhile, Graph GAN helps us learn from existing mashup-service invocation records, leading to more accurate and relevant service recommendations. Our framework consists of a robust data and semantic enrichment component that employs paraphrase mining to extend the vocabulary and enhance semantic similarity measures. As a result, our recommendation system can handle various natural language queries and identify subtle contextual nuances in service descriptions
SHAKE IT OFF: ESTABLISHING A TEEN SUPPORT GROUP AT THE MUHAMMAD ALI PARKINSON'S CENTER
No full textabstract: This thesis discusses the experiences of starting and building a support group for teenagers who have a loved one with Parkinson's Disease. One of the goals of this thesis was to share our experiences with the staff at the Muhammad Ali Parkinson's Center, and the teenagers who will be taking over this group in the future. We discuss why we wanted to start the group, how it's foundation was built, and the challenges we faced and overcame. This is done by highlighting three significant group meetings, and various implications. Transportation, funding, and other issues are discussed
Nadeem Ul Haque. Looking Back: How Pakistan Became an Asian Tiger by 2050
No full textThe book is about development economics and, at the same time,
a work of fiction, which predicts the future of Pakistan as a developed
country. Though the book is written and conceived on a strong
theoretical basis, that is, ‘complexity analysis,’ it remains a
fictional work. Because the book is based on complexity analysis, it
would fall under the rubric of ‘speculative fiction’, as it attempts to
speculate the future development of Pakistan. As far as speculative
fiction is concerned, it is of two types, namely, dystopian and utopian.
The book is indeed a ‘utopian speculative fiction’ as it presents
Pakistan as a very developed country, contrary to current conditions
where Pakistan is striving hard for its survival. Thus, the book equates
to the likes of ‘Orwellian’ works, such as “1984”. Right at the
beginning of the book, the author argues that conventional economic
analysis has failed to yield any sound analysis of the economy that can
be employed for development economics. He further adds that both
macroeconomics and microeconomics are inherently insufficient to lead to
any meaningful policy analysis and recommendations. Thus, the author
presents complexity analysis as an alternative tool for development
economics
برصغیر میں سعدی کی اردو سوانح نگاری کا تحقیقی جائزہ
No full textShaikh Sa'di Sherazi was a great Persian Poet and prose writer of Iran. His works like "Gulistan" "Boostan" and "Diwan-e-Ghazaliat" have influenced almost all the inhabitants of this globe.But his popularity in the sub-continent has a different story.According to a research conducted by the author of these lines in 1995 A.D, 525books have been written in the Sub-continent about the life, Personality and written works, of sa'di in the form of biographies, commentaries and translations.These books have been written in almost all the prevalent languages of this land.In this article, The Urdu biographies of Sa'di Sherazi have been analyzed to determine the effects of his thoughts on the culture of our continent
Stability analysis of nonlinear digital systems under hardware overflow constraint for dealing with finite word-length effects of digital technologies
No full textاردوکی منتخب ادبی اصطلاحاتی کتب کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textThe thesis under review consists of an analytical study of three literary term books. The first book of the thesis under review is Literary Terminology, which is authored by Dr. Haroon ul-Rashid. This book contains a total of one hundred and sixty-nine pages. It was published for the first time in March two thousand eighteen. The author has clearly admitted in the beginning of this book that this book has been compiled by me only for the guidance of students by using other literary terminology books. This book is very short in terms of length, explaining only 90 linguistic and literary terms. All the poetic or prose examples mentioned in the above book are without reference which creates many doubts about the book’s authenticity and authenticity. The second book of the comment article is Terminology written by Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Kamal. This book was published for the first time in 2017. It is a thick book containing a total of 502 pages in which the author has combined 471 common terms in alphabetical order has tried unsuccessfully to explain a few terms only with excessive brevity. Overall, this book is very useful for Urdu readers. The third book of the article under comment is Literary Terminology, the author of which is retired Professor Anwar Jamal. This book has a fundamental importance in the terminological books of Urdu literature. This is the reason why several editions of this book have been printed so far. Author has masterfully explained the meaning, connotation and background of each term with brevity and comprehensiveness in such a way that no confusion remains for the reader
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