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Akuitas mata dalam kriteria visibilitas hilal
Get PDFTingkat Akuitas (ketajaman) mata manusia dalam melihat sebuah objek berbeda-beda. Hal ini berdampak pada tingkat keberhasilan perukyat dalam rukyatul hilal. Judhistira AU dan Binta menerapkan faktor akuitas ini ke dalam visibilitas hilal Kastner. Faktor tersebut dipakai sebagai klaim atas kasus pengamatan hilal yang tak terbantahkan. Hal ini merupakan corak pemikiran baru, terutama bagi perkembangan pemahaman visibilitas hilal di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini penulis ingin mengetahui beberapa hal yaitu: 1) Bagaimana teori akuitas mata dalam visibilitas hilal? 2) Mengapa akuitas mata jarang dipakai dalam perumusan kriteria visibilitas hilal?. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data diambil dengan teknik dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi. Sementara untuk analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif, eksplanatif dan komparatif.
Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Modifikasi yang dilakukan oleh Judhistira AU dan Binta dalam visibilitas Kastner secara umum telah sesuai dengan ilmu Astronomi dan Fisika Optik, meskipun ada beberapa koreksi yang tidak diterapkan karena keterbatasan alat dan teknologi seperti glare, penglihatan warna, adaptasi gelap terang, bentuk dan durasi melihat. 2) Kriteria visibilitas hilal yang ada selama ini bersifat global dan memang diterapkan untuk tujuan terciptanya kalender global tunggal, namun sayangnya harus mengabaikan faktor-faktor ilmiah seperti akuitas mata, karena secara ilmiah memang tidak ada kriteria yang dapat berlaku secara global. Dengan observasi sederhana penulis juga telah memperoleh kriteria visibilitas hilal untuk akuitas mata normal dalam bentuk parameter fisis (ARCV, ARCL, Umur, Lag Time, Lebar Hilal, dan DAz). Kriteria ini bersifat dinamis dan masih dapat berubah sesuai dengan jumlah data pengamatan, dan secara keilmuan, kriteria ini seharusnya dapat diterima karena telah sesuai dengan beberapa kriteria yang ada.
ABSTRACT
The sharpness level of the human’s eye in seeing an object are varies, and will impact on the success rate in observation. Judhistira AU and Binta have modified the Kastner’s visibility with eye’s acuity factor. This factor is used as a claim for a controversial case of observation. This is a new thinking, especially for the development of understanding of crescent’s visibility in Indonesia. In this study the authors research: 1) How the theory of eye’s acuity in crescent’s visibility applied? 2) Why eye’s acuity is rarely used in the formulation criteria of crescent’s visibility?. The type of this research is a qualitative research with case study approach. Data were taken with documentation, interview and observation techniques. While for data analysis use descriptive, explanative and comparative method.
The results of this study indicate that: 1) The modifications made by Judhistira AU and Binta in Kastner's visibility are generally consistent with Astronomy and Optical Physics term, although some corrections are not applied due to the limitations of tools and technologies such as glare, color vision, adaptation, object’s shape and duration of view. 2) The existing criteria of crescent’s visibility is a global criteria, and is applied for the purpose of creating a single global calendar, but unfortunately it ignores scientific factors such as eye’s acuity, because there is no criteria that can apply globally. With a simple observation the author has also formulated the crescent’s visibility criteria for normal eye’s acuity in the form of physical parameters (ARCV, ARCL, Age, Lag Time, Crescent’s Width, and DAz). This criterion is dynamic and can still change according to the amount of observational data, and scientifically, this criterion should be acceptable because it is in accordance with several criteria
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The Method of Determining Lunar Month of Four Madhhab
Get PDFThere is a problem of determining the beginning of the lunar month among Muslims. They split into different group of opinions and maintain their distinct interpretations as ijtihad against the others. This problem started from the different interpretations of the hadith. Some of them understand it textually that produces ru’yah faction, and some prefer a contextual understanding then belong to the hisab faction. Furthermore, it study underlines the need to understand about how the previous ‘ulama (salaf) argued, especially the ‘ulama of four madhhabs, whose their argument often used as a reference by the ‘ulama of today (khalaf). In this discussion it found that the opinions of the ‘ulama of four madhhab are different. Some used ru’yah and some other used hisab. This is natural as it is the product of ijtihad that each mujtahid has various interpretations. Thus, Muslims have two options: between the scientific determination (Shari’ah/Astronomy) or corporative determination (Unification Calendar). These two options are very difficult to compromise, and one of them must be selected
Implementasi Istiwa’ani dalam Pemrograman Aplikasi Berbasis Android
Get PDFIstiwa’aini adalah salah satu perangkat yang bisa digunakan untuk menenukan arah kiblat. Dengan konsep yang sederhana Istiwa’aini mampu menghasilkan arah kiblat dengan akurasi yang tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini penulis berusaha untuk mengembangkan konsep Istiwa’aini ke perkembangan yang lebih modern yaitu penerapan ke dalam pemrograman aplikasi berbasis android, salah satu sistem operasi yang sangat terkenal dan banyak digunakan saat ini. Penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan science engineering, dengan data utama dari konsep perhitungan dan pengukuran Istiwa’aini, dan dilakukan dengan menggunakan sarana software Android Studio 3.0.
Aplikasi Istiwa’ Mobile merupakan hasil dari penelitian ini. Aplikasi ini mampu menyederhanakan semua konsep Istiwa’aini, dari tahap pencarian data, input, proses, pengukuran dan penyajian hasil, dikemas dengan sekali tekan (one click). Aplikasi ini juga dirancang dengan tampilan yang sederhana sehingga mudah untuk dioperasikan. Untuk akurasi dari Istiwa’ Mobile dalam pengukuran arah kiblat pun tidak bergeser, tetap dalam taraf akurat (± 3’). Hal ini dibuktikan dengan uji akurasi yang dilakukan oleh penulis dengan membandingkan dengan metode rashdul kiblat global. Dari hal tersebut maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Istiwa’ Mobile dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana baru untuk menentukan arah kiblat dengan cara lebih sederhana dan cocok semua orang, baik kalangan ahli, maupun kalangan awam
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