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Alvin Plantinga e seu macroargumento contra o naturalismo
Full text linkTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2009.O objetivo desta tese é apresentar um macroargumento proposto por Alvin Plantinga contra o naturalismo (MCN). O MCN é constituído de: (1) Se um sujeito S é epistemicamente racional e consciente, então S escolhe apenas as crenças verdadeiras ou provavelmente verdadeiras; caso contrário S é irracional. (2) Os argumentos A1, ou A2, ou A3 são sólidos, sendo suas premissas verdadeiras ou provavelmente verdadeiras. (3) Logo, S é racional se crer em A1, ou A2, ou A3. (4) Se S crer em A1, ou A2, ou A3, então S tem um anulador para o naturalismo. (5) Logo, é irracional para S crer no naturalismo. Para sustentar o MCN, vamos utilizar fundamentalmente das argumentações do filósofo americano Alvin Plantinga (1993a, 1993b, 2000 etc.) contra o naturalismo. Os principais argumentos de Plantinga contra o naturalismo podem ser resumidos a três: A1 - Toda definição naturalista fracassa na análise de função apropriada: (P1) Nenhuma das definições puramente naturalistas de função apropriada é ou necessária ou suficiente. (P2) A única análise de função apropriada provavelmente correta é advinda do comprometimento com o teísmo cristão ou algo similar. (C) Logo, as definições puramente naturalistas são provavelmente falsas. A2 - Um sujeito comprometido com o naturalismo e a teoria da evolução (N&E) não pode ter nenhum conhecimento: (P1) Dado um sujeito, S, comprometido com N&E, sua confiabilidade cognitiva R de produzir crenças verdadeiras é provavelmente baixa ou inescrutável. (P2) Se R não é confiável, então as crenças de S são anuladas. (C) Se S tem um anulador para todas as suas crenças, S tem um autoanulador para N&E. A3 # Um cientista cristão não deve estar comprometido com o naturalismo metodológico, uma forma velada de naturalismo ontolontológicos naturalistas na ciência moderna. (P3) A ciência moderna tem uma estratégia de seleção materialista. (P4) O cientista cristão não é irracional em levar em conta suas crenças religiosas como possíveis hipóteses científicas. (P5) Segundo o naturalismo metodológico, é arbitrário defender um único modelo de fazer ciência. (P6) Dadas outras possibilidades de hipóteses, os cientistas cristãos podem optar por hipóteses como mais prováveis do que as dos cientistas não-cristãos. (C) É possível uma ciência fora do domínio do naturalismo metodológico.The aim of this thesis is to present Alvin Plantinga#s macro-argument against naturalism (MCN). MCN is put forward as follows: (1) If a subject S is epistemicaly rational and conscious, then S chooses only true or probably true beliefs; if not S is irrational. (2) The arguments A1 or A2 or A3 are sound. (3) Hence, S is rational if she believes either in A1 or A2 or A3. (4) If S believes in A1 or A2 or A3, then S has one defeater for naturalism. (5) Therefore, it is irrational for S to believe in naturalism. In order to maintain naturalism we will use fundamentally the arguments against naturalism by the American philosopher Alvin Plantinga (1993a, 1993b, 2000 etc.). Plantinga#s main arguments against naturalism can be reduced to three: A1 # every naturalistic, metaphysical definition fails in the analysis of proper function: (P1) no naturalistic definition of proper function is either necessary or sufficient. (P2) The only analysis of proper function probably correct stems from the commitment to Christian theism or something similar. (C) Therefore, pure naturalist definitions are probably false. A2 # A subject committed to naturalism and evolution theory (N&E) cannot have any knowledge: (P1) given a subject, S, committed to N&E, the cognitive reliability R of her producing true beliefs is probably low or inscrutable. (P2) If R is not reliable, then the beliefs of S are defeated. (C) If S has a defeater for all her beliefs, S has a defeater for N&E. A3 # A Christian scientist is not to be committed to methodological naturalism, a disguised form of metaphysical naturalism: (P1) the scientific activity is not neutral. (P2) There are naturalist, metaphysical presuppositions in modern science. (P3) Modern science has a materialistic strategy of selection. (P4) A Christian scientist is not irrational in taking into account her religious beliefs as possible scientific hypotheses. (P5) according to methodological naturalism it is arbitrary to defend a unique model of making science. (P6) Given other possibilities of hypotheses, Christian scientists can choose hypotheses as more probable than those of non Christian scientists. (C) A science independent of methodological naturalism is possible
Alvin Plantinga
No full textDr. Alvin Plantinga discusses Pilate’s question, “What is truth?” and the philosophy of truth
REKONSTRUKSI EPISTEMOLOGI AGAMA DALAM PEMIKIRAN ALVIN PLANTINGA
No full textABSTRAK
REKONSTRUKSI EPISTEMOLOGI AGAMA DALAM
PEMIKIRAN ALVIN PLANTINGA
Oleh : Yoan Sabili Amra
Penelitian ini berorientasi kepada analisis yang membedah
suatu komponen khusus terhadap pemikiran epistemologi Alvin
Plantinga dengan dasar yang disebutnya sebagai epistemologi
Warrant (jaminan), sehingga dalam bangunan pemikiran
epistemologi Plantinga, akan berkolaborasi terhadap struktur
bangunan epistemologi agama Alvin Plantinga, dengan
demikian terbentuklah sebuah pemikiran secara eksplisit
terhadap epistemologi Agama, maka penulis menguraikan
secara koherensi bagaimana latar belakang muncul nya
rangkaian pemikiran epistemologi Alvin Plantinga, kemudian
dalam konteks dari pemikiran agama Plantinga akan menjadi
landasan rekonstruksi lebih lanjut mengenai bagaimana sisi
relevansi ini bermuara terhadap kajian epistemologi
kontemporer dan juga keislaman, sehingga penelitian ini
berakar dari pembedahan secara struktur dalam
mengaplikasikan pemikiran Plantinga kedalam sebuah variabel
epistemologi yang berbasis keyakinan, terlebih khusus
tercantum rangkaian kritik tajam dari formula awal atas
pendirian pemikiran Alvin Plantinga dalam epistemologi,
maupun epistemologi Agama.
Metode yang digunakan dalam keberlangsungan penelitian
ini penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dari berupa
karya-karya primer dari Alvin Plantinga maupun karya
sekunder dari buku-buku yang membahas pemikiran Alvin
Plantinga, pada teknik penggunaan data, penulis menggunakan
sistem menganalisa dan membaca secara eksplisit dalam
pengolahan data di dalam karya-karya buku yang dibutuhkan.
Sehingga uraian hasil yang telah di telisik oleh penulis dalam
mengkaji penelitian ini akan membuahkan hasil dan kesimpulan
yang baik, khususnya analisis data yang digunakan oleh peneliti
diantaranya yaitu, metode interpretasi, hermeneutika, dan
iv
induktif. Adapun metode penelitian secara umum yang tersaji
dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif
dan kajian pustaka.
Hasil dari penelitian ini telah menunjukan bahwa dalam
komponen pemikiran epistemologi agama Plantinga, Alvin
Plantinga memiliki basis pemikiran epistemologi agama nya
yaitu: Epistemologi reformed, teori Fungsi yang tepat, dan
model Aquinas/Calvin, dan diantara epistemologi agama Alvin
Plantinga telah berpangkal terhadap sistem susunan keyakinan
yang bersifat teologis, yang memiliki pijakan terhadap entitas
keyakinan pada kepercayaan teistik. Sehingga rekonstruksi dan
relevansi yang memadai dari epistemologi agama Plantinga
telah menunjukan bahwa susunan dari tiga rangkaian
epistemologi agama Plantinga mengimplikasi terhadap
penawaran atas epistemologi kontemporer yang sebelumnya
juga di kritik oleh Plantinga, dengan demikian hasil dari
rangkaian itu menunjukan bahwa sisi relevansi itu rekonstruksi
terhadap beberapa keyakinan yang berbasis teistik, khususnya
Islam. Maka dalam hal ini penulis menunjukan bahwa gagasan
epistemologi keagamaan Alvin Plantinga telah menjadi fondasi
yang kredibel terhadap sebuah keyakinan keagamaan.
Kunci: Alvin Plantinga, Epistemologi, Agama.
v
ABSTRACT
This research is oriented towards an analysis that dissects
a specific component of Alvin Plantinga's epistemological
thinking on the basis of what he calls Warrant epistemology, so
that in the building of Plantinga's epistemological thinking, it
will elaborate on the structure of Alvin Plantinga's religious
epistemology, thus forming an explicit thought on the
epistemology of Religion, so the author describes coherently
how the background of the emergence of Alvin Plantinga's
series of epistemological thoughts, then in the context of
Plantinga's religious thought will be the basis for further
reconstruction regarding how this relevance side leads to
contemporary epistemological studies and also Islam, so that
this research is rooted in structural dissection in applying
Plantinga's thoughts into an epistemological variable based on
faith, especially including a series of sharp criticisms of the
initial formula for Alvin Plantinga's thinking in epistemology,
as well as the epistemology of Religion.
The method used in the continuation of this research, the
author uses data collection techniques from primary works
from Alvin Plantinga and secondary works from books that
discuss Alvin Plantinga's thoughts, in the data usage technique,
the author uses a system of analyzing and reading explicitly in
processing data in the works of books needed. So that the
description of the results that have been examined by the author
in reviewing this research will produce good results and
conclusions, especially the data analysis used by the researcher
including the interpretation, hermeneutic, and inductive
methods. As for the general research methods presented in this
study, the author uses qualitative methods and literature
reviews.
The results of this study have shown that in the components
of Plantinga's religious epistemology thinking, Alvin Plantinga
has a basis for his religious epistemology thinking, namely:
Reformed epistemology, proper function theory, and the
vi
Aquinas/Calvin model, and among Alvin Plantinga's religious
epistemology has been based on a theological belief system,
which has a basis for the entity of belief in theistic beliefs. Thus,
the adequate reconstruction and relevance of Plantinga's
epistemology of religion have shown that the arrangement of
the three series of Plantinga's epistemology of religion has
implications for the offer of contemporary epistemology that
was previously criticized by Plantinga, thus the results of the
series show that the relevance side reconstructs several theistic�based beliefs, especially Islam. So in this case the author shows
that Alvin Plantinga's idea of religious epistemology has
become a credible foundation for a religious belief.
Keywords: Alvin Plantinga, Epistemology, Religion
The Metaphysics of Alvin Plantinga
Full text linkThis is an article on the metaphysics of Alvin Plantinga. It is from the Blackwell Companion to Metaphysics (2009)
The Metaphysics of Alvin Plantinga
No full textThis is an article on the metaphysics of Alvin Plantinga. It is from the Blackwell Companion to Metaphysics (2009)
Deane-Peter Baker, ed. Alvin Plantinga
Full text linkThis is a book review of Deane-Peter Baker (ed.), Alvin Plantinga (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007)
Alvin Plantinga
Full text linkAlvin Plantinga è uno dei più importanti metafisici e filosofi della religione viventi. In questo profilo, dopo aver brevemente narrato la sua formazione intellettuale, considererò alcuni aspetti del suo pensiero: la teoria di Plantinga dei mondi possibili; la sua teoria della garanzia epistemica delle credenze, fondata sul concetto di funzione propria; la versione di Plantinga dell'argomento ontologico per provare l'esistenza di Dio; la sua critica dell'argomento del male per provare l'inesistenza di Dio; l'argomento di Plantinga contro il naturalismo
Alvin Plantinga, The Nature of Necessity
No full textDe Greef Jan. Alvin Plantinga, The Nature of Necessity . In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Quatrième série, tome 75, n°25, 1977. pp. 185-186
Knowledge and Reality: Essays in Honor of Alvin Plantinga [review]
Full text linkOpen access article. Published by Taylor & Francis.According to the Philosophical Lexicon, to ‘planting’ is to ‘use twentieth-century fertilizer to encourage new shoots from eleventh-century ideas which everyone thought had gone to seed.’ Although the prominent US philosopher Alvin Plantinga cannot be said to use medieval ideas in any historically informed sense, he has certainly fertilized contemporary metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of religion. His philosophy was given a comprehensive and systematic analysis already in Alvin Plantinga, ed. Tomberlin (1985), and to this wide-ranging Festschrift under review colleagues and former students contribute. For reasons of space, this review focuses on themes and theses
Selected Criticisms of the Epistemological Warrant Theory and the Aquinas/Calvin Model of Alvin Plantinga
Full text linkAnalitički američki filozof religije Alvin Plantinga razvio je epistemološku teoriju jamstva (warrant theory) i epistemološki model Akvinski/Calvin. Ovdje želimo predstaviti njegovu teoriju, model i izabrane kritičke osvrte.The American analytic philosopher of religion Alvin Plantinga developed the epistemological warrant theory and the Aquinas/Calvin epistemological model. Here we want to present his theory, model, and selected critical reviews
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