159 research outputs found
Systemische antibiotische Prophylaxe zur Vorbeugung infektiöser Komplikationen nach maxillofazialer Traumachirurgie: Eine Cochrane systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Metaanalyse
No full textBackground: Antibiotics are commonly administrated perioperatively to prevent
postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) of facial fractures treated with open reduction
and internal fixation (ORIF). However, there is no consensus on the optimal duration
and class of prophylactic antibiotics. We investigated the effect of different antibiotic
regimens and examined the efficacy and safety antibiotics for preventing complications
following the surgical reduction of facial fractures.
Methods: In October 2019, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled
Trials; Ovid MEDLINE; and Ovid EMBASE. We included randomized controlled trials
(RCTs) involving people undergoing ORIF for maxillofacial trauma surgery and
comparing one regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis with any other regimen, placebo or no
antibiotics. The primary outcomes were SSI and systemic infections. Secondary
outcomes were rate of retreatment surgery, adverse events, total treatment costs,
duration of stay in hospital and health-related quality of life. Two assessors examined
the title and abstracts of references identified in the literature search, extracted data
and assessed the risk of bias in included studies.
Main results: We included 14 RCTs in this review that reported the rate of SSI. We
pooled the studies into subgroups based on the prophylaxis regimen. Comparing
intraoperative prophylaxis and postoperative prophylaxis in terms of SSI showed no to
little difference between groups (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.74 to 2.04; participants = 408;
studies = 5; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence). Also, comparing short-term and longterm postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis showed no to little reduction in the risk of SSI
(RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.47; participants = 570; studies = 7; I2 = 0%; moderatequality evidence) and the risk of adverse events (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.38;
participants = 295; studies = 4; I2 = 0%, high-quality evidence). There was no difference
in terms of retreatment surgery and systemic infections in both comparisons. Most
studies had an unclear risk of bias prompting us to downgrade the quality of evidence
for outcomes.
Conclusions: There is little or no difference between single-shot intraoperative
prophylaxis or short-term (48 hours) postoperative
prophylaxis in the rate of SSI and adverse events. The studies comparing antibiotic
prophylaxis for facial fractures other than mandibular fractures were scarce. Further
evidence for these fracture sites is neededHintergrund: Antibiotika werden üblicherweise perioperativ verabreicht, um eine
postoperative Infektion der Operationsgebiet von Gesichtsfrakturen zu verhindern,
welche mit einer Reposition und Osteosynthese (ORIF) behandelt wurden. Ein
Konsens über die optimale Dauer und Klasse der prophylaktischen Antibiotika besteht
jedoch nicht. Wir untersuchten die Wirksamkeit und die Sicherheit der perioperativen
antibiotischen Prophylaxe nach der ORIF von Gesichtsfrakturen.
Methoden: Im Oktober 2019 führten wir eine Suche in den folgenden elektronischen
Datenbanken durch: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE,
Ovid EMBASE und EBSCO CINAHL. Nur randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs),
die Patienten mit durch ORIF behandelten maxillofazialen Frakturen rekrutierten,
wurden eingeschlossen. Wir verglichen daraufhin unterschiedlichen Regimen der
Antibiotikaprophylaxe miteinander, mit Placebo oder mit keiner Prophylaxe. Der
primäre Outcome ist die postoperative Infektion. Sekundäre Outcomes waren
systemische Infektionen, Rate der Nachbehandlungsoperationen, unerwünschte
Ereignisse, Gesamtbehandlungskosten, Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthalts und
gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität. Zwei Gutachter untersuchten den Titel und die
Abstracts der in der Literaturrecherche identifizierten Referenzen, extrahierten Daten
und bewerteten das Risiko einer Verzerrung in eingeschlossenen Studien.
Hauptergebnisse: Wir haben 14 RCTs eingeschlossen und basierend auf dem
Prophylaxeschema in Untergruppen zusammengefasst.
Der Vergleich der intraoperativen Prophylaxe und der postoperativen Prophylaxe
hinsichtlich der postoperativen Infektion zeigte keinen bis geringen Unterschied
zwischen den Gruppen (RR: 1,23; 95% CI 0,74 bis 2,04; Teilnehmer = 408; Studien =
5; I2 = 0%; mäßiger Evidenzqualität). Der Vergleich der kurz- und langfristigen
postoperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe zeigte ebenso keine bis geringe Verringerung
des Infektionsrisikos (RR: 0,76; 95% CI 0,39 bis 1,47; Teilnehmer = 570; Studien = 7;
I2 = 0%; mäßige Evidenzqualität) und das Risiko unerwünschter Ereignisse (RR: 0,61;
95% CI 0,27 bis 1,38; Teilnehmer = 295; Studien = 4; I2 = 0%, hochwertige
Evidenzqualität). In beiden Vergleichen gab es keinen Unterschied in Bezug auf
Nachbehandlungsoperationen und systemische Infektionen. Die meisten Studien
hatten ein unklares Verzerrungspotenzial, was uns dazu veranlasste, die Qualität der
Evidenz für die Ergebnisse herabzustufen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Es gibt kaum oder keinen Unterschied zwischen einer intraoperativen Einzelschussprophylaxe oder einer kurzzeitigen (<48 Stunden) oder
langfristigen (> 48 Stunden) postoperativen Prophylaxe in Bezug auf die Rate der
postoperativen Infektionen und unerwünschte Ereignisse. Die Studien zum Vergleich
der Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei anderen Gesichtsfrakturen als Unterkieferfrakturen
waren rar. Weitere Studien für diese Frakturstellen sind erforderlich.vi, 87 Seite
a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
No full textBackground The eastern Mediterranean region is comprised of 22 countries:
Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia,
Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Since our Global
Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010), the region has faced unrest as a
result of revolutions, wars, and the so-called Arab uprisings. The objective
of this study was to present the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk
factors in the eastern Mediterranean region as of 2013. Methods GBD 2013
includes an annual assessment covering 188 countries from 1990 to 2013. The
study covers 306 diseases and injuries, 1233 sequelae, and 79 risk factors.
Our GBD 2013 analyses included the addition of new data through updated
systematic reviews and through the contribution of unpublished data sources
from collaborators, an updated version of modelling software, and several
improvements in our methods. In this systematic analysis, we use data from GBD
2013 to analyse the burden of disease and injuries in the eastern
Mediterranean region specifically. Findings The leading cause of death in the
region in 2013 was ischaemic heart disease (90·3 deaths per 100 000 people),
which increased by 17·2% since 1990. However, diarrhoeal diseases were the
leading cause of death in Somalia (186·7 deaths per 100 000 people) in 2013,
which decreased by 26·9% since 1990. The leading cause of disability-adjusted
life-years (DALYs) was ischaemic heart disease for males and lower respiratory
infection for females. High blood pressure was the leading risk factor for
DALYs in 2013, with an increase of 83·3% since 1990. Risk factors for DALYs
varied by country. In low-income countries, childhood wasting was the leading
cause of DALYs in Afghanistan, Somalia, and Yemen, whereas unsafe sex was the
leading cause in Djibouti. Non-communicable risk factors were the leading
cause of DALYs in high-income and middle-income countries in the region. DALY
risk factors varied by age, with child and maternal malnutrition affecting the
younger age groups (aged 28 days to 4 years), whereas high bodyweight and
systolic blood pressure affected older people (aged 60–80 years). The
proportion of DALYs attributed to high body-mass index increased from 3·7% to
7·5% between 1990 and 2013. Burden of mental health problems and drug use
increased. Most increases in DALYs, especially from non-communicable diseases,
were due to population growth. The crises in Egypt, Yemen, Libya, and Syria
have resulted in a reduction in life expectancy; life expectancy in Syria
would have been 5 years higher than that recorded for females and 6 years
higher for males had the crisis not occurred. Interpretation Our study shows
that the eastern Mediterranean region is going through a crucial health phase.
The Arab uprisings and the wars that followed, coupled with ageing and
population growth, will have a major impact on the region's health and
resources. The region has historically seen improvements in life expectancy
and other health indicators, even under stress. However, the current situation
will cause deteriorating health conditions for many countries and for many
years and will have an impact on the region and the rest of the world. Based
on our findings, we call for increased investment in health in the region in
addition to reducing the conflicts. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing infectious complications in maxillofacial trauma surgery
No full textPeritumoral Invasion and Survival in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—The Role of Perineural and Lymphovascular Invasion
No full textBackground/Objectives: Perineural (PnI), lymphatic (LI), and vascular invasion (VI) in tumor specimens are supposed to worsen the clinical course of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and negatively influence survival outcomes. Despite this, these histologic features have not been implemented in the international staging recommendation for OSCC and their prognostic role remains questionable due to inconsistent findings in the related literature. Methods: To investigate the impact of PnI, LI, and VI on oral cancer-specific (OCSS), recurrence-free (RFS), and overall survival (OS), we hypothesized that these histologic features are independent risk factors for poor survival and therefore considered within a prospectively maintained single-center cohort of patients with OSCC. LI and VI were assessed together and reported as lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Results: This study included 439 patients with primary OSCC. Sixty-nine Patients (21.9%) had at least one of the two risk factors. Within the 5-year follow-up period, 61 of these patients (64%) died, and 30 patients (31%) developed locoregional recurrences. Both perineural and lymphovascular invasion were strongly correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis. PnI and LVI were investigated separately using an adjusted Cox’s proportional hazards regression model. In addition to higher tumor size and the presence of nodal disease (higher stage) the presence of LVI was associated with poor OS, OCSS, and RFS on multivariate analysis, while PnI was associated with reduced OS. In stage III/IV postoperative radiotherapy improved survival in patients with PnI but not with LVI. Conclusions: We conclude that the evidence of LVI in tumor specimens should be considered a high-risk factor when planning adjuvant treatment and monitoring patients with OSCC
The subsequent studies of pottery with written character "□" unearthed at the Sakushu-Kotoni-Gawa Site on the campus of Hokkaido University
No full textTwenty years have passed since the pottery with the written character "□" was unearthed at the Sakushu-Kotoni-Gawa Site on the campus of Hokkaido University. At that time, as regards the broken piece of pottery excavated, the author has endeavored to investigate that character "□" made on pottery in the ninth century, as being identical with the letter "夷", called the Emishi (蝦夷) in ancient Japan. After that, with the increase of similar materials mainly unearthed in many sites of the north eastern provinces and the eastern districts, several opinions have been published by investigators of ancient Japanese history and archaeology. As opposed to the written character "□" as being the very same as the letter "夷" (Emishi 蝦夷), some hold a different view, stating that the character "□" is a kind of mark, or a simpler form for the letter "奉", that inhabitants made when offering to their Gods. On the other side, some scholars offer an opinion that the incised or written character "□" on roofing tiles of the ancient temple and palace is the simplified letter "夷" of the Ubai (優婆夷), namely the Upasika of Sanskrit term. As regard these varying, the author indicates some doubtful points and arrives at the conclusion that the written or incised "□" on potteries and roofing tiles is same letter "夷" (Emishi) as postulated in the original research.タイトルと抄録の「□」は、「三」に「人」を重ねた文字である特別寄
Aspek Moral Dalam Novel Hafalan Shalat Delisa Karya Tere Liye: Tinjauan Sosiologi Sastra Dan Implementasinya Sebagai Bahan Ajar Sastra di SMA
No full textThe study aims to describe (1) the sociohistoric background of Hafalan Shalat Delisa’s author (2) the structure that de-velop in Hafalan Shalat Delisa novel (3) the moral aspect in Hafalan Shalat Delisa novel, and (4) the implementation of the result of the novel as literary materials in high school. The nature of this research in qualitative descriptive research. The object of this research is to moral aspects of Hafalan Shalat Delisa novel. The data of this research is a sentences or paragraph that contains the structure and moral aspects. The primary data sources in this research is Hafalan Shalat Delisa novel author by Tere Liye. The secondary data sources in this research is reference book or articles. Data collection technique used in this research is the literature, observe, record, and interview. The validity technique of the data used the triangular resources and triangular theory technique. Data analysis technique used is the technique dialectic. The result of the analysis can be summed up as follows. (1) based on socio-historic of Tere Liye, the author of Hafalan Shalat Delisa novel. (2) structural analysis the theme of the novel is un easy to give up, patient, and determined. The flow of the story is advanced flow (progressive). The main character is Delisa and the supporting character is Ummi Salamah, Kak Fatimah, Kak Aisyah, Kak Zahra, Abi Usman, Koh Acan, Ustadz Rahman,Ibu Guru Nur, Sersan Ahmed, Prajurit Smith/Salam, Suster Shopi, Tiur, Umam, and Kak Ubai. The setting located in Lhok Nga, Ship, and Hospital, the time setting occured between 2004 to 2005, the social background og Hafalan Shalat Delisa is about habit, tradition, and religious belief. (3) the moral aspects in the Hafalan Shalat Delisa novel by Tere Liye are such as issues of honesty, authentic, responsibility, be autonomous,and realistic and critical. (4) the results of this research are implemented as literary materials in senior high school based on the SK 7 i.e. understand the various saga, Indonesian novel or translation and KD 7.2 i.e. analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic elements of Indonesian novel or translations
Al-Fara’s Views on Grammar, Qur’anic Readings and Linguistic Sounds through the Book of the Qur’an Meanings.
No full textThe title of this thesis is Alfarra and his opinion in Grammar, Qur’an Readings, and phonetics, as it cleared in his book Qur’an Meanings . Alfarra was one of the ancient Arab scientist, He, as it was written in biographical and category books , was the person who put the bas, measures, and the idioms of Kufan grammar, in addition to his comprehension to the Arabic language Styles. This is clear in his book Qur\u27an Meanings which represents prominent evidence that its author was interested in Qur\u27an science. Alfarra\u27s method in clearing the readings concentrated on Arabic styles . He sometimes explains the reason for his selection , and he sometimes leaves the reason without explanation He was frequently equalizing the readings to on another In this thesis I explained the reasons for the Alfarra\u27s selections, and they are two kinds pronunciatory and significant reasons pronunciatory reasons surpass the significant ones in number and variety according to Alfarra frequent usage of pronunciatory reasons, they are as follows The readers agreement, parsing the frequent usage equal order and style Abd Ullah Ibn Mas’uds reading Uthman Qur’an Copy, ety- mology Lightness. Ubai Ibn Ka’bs readings Measurement, resem- blance of the ends of Qur’an Verses the origin notification, Sound and pausing The significant reason of meaning surpasses others in repetition , and they are meaning , explanation and explanation and expounders context This thesis has made the above mentioned reasons clear . In considering them , it appeared that Alfarra’ in Qur;an reading , didn’t compel to what had been said about Kufans and Basrans in compelling them to hearing or measuring or both but he used other origins they are the reason which I tried to make them clear after they had been spread here and there in many references . If we want to evaluate Arabic reasons , they are considered new characteristics of the Arabic Language and prominent evidence that proves that this language is abundant and good for improvement which Qur’an was its center. Therefore , Qur’an readings must be considered an origin for measurement In grammar , etymology , language and style because they are tenacious and reliable literary work.
Shortcut citations in the methods section: frequency, problems and strategies for responsible reuse
No full textMethods sections for papers often include “shortcut citations”, where authors cite a previous paper describing the method rather than providing full details of the techniques performed. This meta-research study assessed how often methodological shortcut citations are used, and examined journal policies to determine whether they promote the use of shortcut citations. We also examined shortcut citations in a small sample of papers to determine what happens when readers consult cited resources to find methodological details
Taking shortcuts: Great for travel, dangerous for writing reproducible methods sections
No full textThis page is linked to the Poster Presentation at the AIMOS 2020 Conference on the topic of Interdisciplinary Meta-Research and Open Science
Taking shortcuts: Great for travel, dangerous for writing reproducible methods sections
No full textThis page is linked to the Poster Presentation at the AIMOS 2020 Conference on the topic of Interdisciplinary Meta-Research and Open Science
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