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The geomorphological and sedimentological legacy of the historical Lake Lorsch within the Weschnitz floodplain (northeastern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany)
Full text linkThe artificial historical Lake Lorsch (1474/1479 to 1718/1720 CE) in the northeastern Upper Rhine Graben (Germany) is known from various historical sources (e.g., for fish farming) as a significant anthropogenic imprint of the Weschnitz floodplain. Nevertheless, there have been no geomorphological and sedimentological investigations into the (quasi-)natural context for the creation of the lake, its importance as a potential sediment archive and the subsequent use of the lake area until modern times. No relics of the lake can be observed in today's landscape. We investigated the geomorphological setting of the area using a high-resolution digital elevation model, groundwater-level data, and geophysical prospection, as well as sedimentological information from four sediment cores. Results indicate that the location of the lake is topographically deeper in relation to its receiving waters of the old Weschnitz and that Lake Lorsch was fed by groundwater. Sedimentary analysis (core LOR 21A, unit 2; LOSE 4 and LOSE 5, unit 3) exhibits lake deposit, with characteristics indicative of a limnic environment and a high groundwater table. At the same time, adjacent stratigraphy shows channel deposits (core LOR 20A, unit 3), reflecting an anthropogenically controlled inflow via a channel (Renngraben). Our results, based on a relative elevation model, fit well with the historical records: that the inflow for the anthropogenic channel was via the old Weschnitz (topographically higher than the lake area) and that the artificial Landgraben canal (topographically lower than the lake area) was crossed by a water bridge. It is a good example of how humans have acted as fluvial- and water-related agents for at least 500 years in the Weschnitz floodplain.Der anthropogen angelegte historische Lorscher See (1474/1479 bis 1718/1720 n. Chr.) im nordöstlichen Oberrheingraben (Deutschland) ist aus verschiedenen historischen Quellen, z. B. zur Fischzucht, als bedeutende anthropogene Prägung der Weschnitzaue bekannt. Dennoch fehlen geomorphologische und sedimentologische Untersuchungen über den (quasi-)natürlichen Kontext der Entstehung des Sees, seiner Bedeutung als potentielles Sedimentarchiv und die Nachnutzung des Seegebietes bis in die Neuzeit. Heute sind keine Relikte des Sees mehr in der Landschaft zu beobachten. Mit Hilfe eines hochaufgelösten digitalen Geländemodells, Grundwassersdaten, geophysikalischer Prospektion sowie sedimentologischen Analysen aus vier Bohrkernen haben wir die geomorphologischen Gegebenheiten des Gebiets untersucht. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, dass der Standort des Sees topographisch tiefer liegt als sein Vorfluter, die Weschnitz, und stark grundwassergespeist war. Die Sedimentanalyse (Kern LOR 21A, Einheit 2; LOSE 4 und LOSE 5, Einheit 3) zeigt Seeablagerungen mit Merkmalen, die auf ein limnisches Umfeld und einen hohen Grundwasserspiegel hinweisen. Gleichzeitig deuten die angrenzenden Ergebnisse (Kern LOR 20A, Einheit 3) auf Rinnenablagerungen eines anthropogen gesteuerten Zuflusses über einen Kanal (Renngraben) hin. Unsere Ergebnisse basierend auf einem relativen Geländemodell passen gut zu den historischen Aufzeichnungen über die Nutzung des Lorscher Sees die belegen, dass der Zufluss für den anthropogenen Kanal über die Alte Weschnitz (der topographisch höher als das Seegebiet liegt) erfolgte und dass der künstliche Landgraben-Kanal (topographisch tiefer als das Seegebiet) mit einer Brücke überströmt wurde. Die Untersuchungen sind ein exzellentes Beispiel dafür, in welchem Maße der Mensch seit mehr als 500 Jahren das hydrologische System in der Weschnitzaue und seinen angrenzenden Regionen beeinflusst hat
GeDi : simplifying gene set distances for enhanced omics interpretation in R/Bioconductor
No full textBackground
Functional enrichment analysis is a standard component in many omics data analysis workflows, supported by a variety of methods and algorithms. However, despite their utility and wide application, these methods often return the results as an extensive and redundant list of gene sets, impeding interpretation and hypothesis generation. Moreover, network based information can provide additional biological context through functional interaction data, yet this is often overlooked by existing tools.
Results
We developed GeDi, an R/Bioconductor package designed to streamline and standardize the interpretation of functional enrichment results. GeDi aggregates gene sets into biologically meaningful clusters using a suite of gene set distance metrics and clustering algorithms, aimed to reduce redundancy and improve clarity. GeDi also enables the integration of protein–protein interaction (PPI) data, through the implementation of a weighted distance metric, providing a richer biological context by capturing functional connectivity between pathways and their components. The package offers visualizations, aggregation, and automated reporting, and is available as both a stand-alone R-package and an interactive Shiny application.
Conclusion
GeDi facilitates clearer, faster interpretation of enrichment results by combining clustering and network context. Application to a public RNA-seq dataset revealed coherent biological themes, supporting both experimental and computational research. GeDi is freely available in the Bioconductor project under the MIT license (https://bioconductor.org/packages/GeDi), and a demo instance is accessible on the Shiny server (http://shiny.imbei.uni-mainz.de:3838/GeDi)
Biomacromolecular therapeutics for oncotherapy via active targeting and dynamic covalent drug conjugation
No full textXI, 364 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
AI-assisted radiographic identification of original vs. replica dental implants : comparing accuracy of human experts vs. probabilistic and deterministic AI
No full textPurpose
In dental implantology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for the differentiation of various implant systems is gaining increasing importance. This study investigates the feasibility of distinguishing between two highly similar implant (original implant and its replica) systems using an automated, AI-based recognition software.
Methods
A dataset of 906 radiographic images was initially compiled, consisting of standardized ex situ recordings of both the original and the replica implants (with and without a cover screw in situ). Four deterministic AI-models and one probabilistic model were trained using different subsets of varying sizes of the dataset, including the full dataset and then evaluated against a designated test dataset. For comparison, 28 dental professionals also assessed the same test dataset.
Results
The accuracy of the deterministic model trained solely with 488 radiographs of implants with inserted cover screws was 0.579 (57.9%). The second and third models, trained with a greater number of radiographs without inserted cover screws, achieved accuracies exceeding 0.90 and, in some instances, even reached 1.00. The fourth deterministic model, as well as the probabilistic model, comprising 28 classifiers and trained on the complete dataset, classified the test dataset without error. The dental professionals achieved an overall accuracy of 0.8616 (86.16%) in their assessment of the test dataset.
Conclusion
This study suggests that AI-supported implant recognition software has the potential to offer valuable assistance in clinical practice for distinguishing between original and replica implants. Such differentiation can play a crucial role for prosthetic suprastructures and associated manufacturer warranties
Spezifische Bedarfe sonderpädagogischer Förderung : für ein Primat des Verstehens
Full text linkEin Primat des Verstehens erfordert in sonderpädagogischen Kontexten embodied Zugänge zu zentralen grundlegenden informatischen Inhalten wie Zahlideen, ihren Repräsentationen und ihrer Handhabung sowie die Förderung funktional-logischen Denkens. Ausgehend von kleinen Zahlräumen (null bis vier) über größere (null bis neunzehn) öffnen sich Wege zu Stellenwertsystemen mit verschiedenen Basen, und die Äthiopische Multiplikation wird begreifbar
Death wishes and death thoughts in paediatric palliative care : a survey of German healthcare professionals
No full textBackground
In paediatric palliative care (PPC), expressions related to death range from diffuse thoughts of dying “death thoughts” (DT) to explicit articulations of a desire to die “death wishes” (DW). These expressions pose significant ethical, clinical, and communicative challenges. Although often conflated in public discourse, DT and DW are conceptually distinct and have different implications for care, communication, and ethical reflection. This survey aimed to investigate how healthcare professionals (HCP) in Germany perceive, differentiate, and respond to these expressions in PPC practice.
Methods
A nationwide online survey was conducted among multidisciplinary PPC professionals in Germany. The 43-item questionnaire included closed- and open-ended questions, addressing clinical experiences with death-related expressions in minors, professional responses, and institutional handling. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. Qualitative free-text responses were analysed using a framework-guided hybrid thematic analysis.
Results
A total of 120 HCP participated, including physicians (45%), nurses and social workers (13.3% each), psychologists (9.2%), and chaplains (7.5%). Experiences with DT were reported by 62 of 92 (67.4%) of HCP and DW by 62 of 93 (66.7%). Expressions were most observed in adolescents aged 15–18. DT were often reflective or symbolic, while DW tended to be more explicit and associated with suffering. Professional uncertainty was widespread: 49.3% reported feeling unsure about DT, and 57.5% about DW. Only 29.5% reported the presence of institutional guidelines. Still, 63.5% affirmed the clinical relevance of distinguishing DT from DW.
Conclusions
These findings highlight a pressing need for conceptual clarity, ethical reflection, and institutional support in addressing death-related expressions in PPC. The distinction between DT and DW is clinically and ethically meaningful yet blurred in practice. Targeted training, evidence-based guidelines, and structured, interdisciplinary dialogue are essential to strengthen professionals’ confidence and competence in interpreting and managing these complex and ethically sensitive situations
Strukturelle Voraussetzungen für den bundeslandübergreifenden Lehraustausch
Full text linkAustausch von Lehre ist auch in bereits etablierten Verbünden wir RMU (Rhein Main Universitäten) in Bezug auf die anbietenden Einheiten sehr asymmetrisch. Das hemmt vielfach strukturell die Verstetigung, da für die anbietende Organisationseinheit der Mehraufwand nicht vergütet wird. Im Rahmen von GeLb-DIng wurden verschiedene Wege erprobt, die strukturelle Situation zu verbessern
Of people, land and bonds : contributions to lordship and administration in North-East Scotland in the Later Middle Ages
No full textVia three exemplary chapters the authors present the results of the DFG-funded research project entitled ‚Man Rent or Land Rent? Significance and function of land transfer for the practice of lordship of kings, lay lords and ecclesiastics in north-east Scotland in the later Middle Ages‘. This volume tried to offer a modified perspective on the organisation of the political society in late Medieval Scotland, formed through the bottom-up view of regional lordship and its respective sources. Scottish history should not only be told from the perspective of crown, magnates and the sources produced by and for them but bottom-up: There are large enough quantities of mostly underused sources stemming from clerical institutions, nobility and the burghs, which can further enhance our knowledge of the political structure and the socio-economic composition of the kingdom.262 Seite