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Besinlerdeki Endokrin Bozucular
Get PDFHormon sistemleri olarak da adlandırılan endokrin sistem, tüm memelilerde, kuşlarda, balıklarda ve diğer
birçok canlı organizmada bulunmaktadır. İç salgı bezleri, bu bezler tarafından üretilen hormonlar, hormonların hedef organları ve dokulardaki reseptörler bu sistemde yer almaktadır. Hipotalamus-hipofiz, tiroid,
paratiroid bezi, böbrek üstü, gonadlar-cinsiyet bezleri ve pankreas endokrin sistemde yer alan bezlerdir.
Endokrin bozucular, endokrin sisteminin hormon yapısını veya reseptörünü taklit gibi birçok etki mekanizması ile çevre ve insan sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bugüne kadar Avrupa Komisyonu 535
adet endokrin bozucu saptayarak raporunda bildirmiştir. Beslenme olmadan yaşamı sürdürmek mümkün
olmadığı için besinlerdeki endokrin bozuculara her gün maruz kalınmaktadır. Konserveler, plastikler, besine uygulanan işlemler, çevresel kirlilik gibi birçok etkenlerle endokrin bozucular besinlere bulaşmaktadır. Besinlerde bulunan temel endokrin bozucular; bisfenol A, fitalatlar, fitoöstrojenler, pestisitler ve
ağır metallerdir. Endokrin bozucuların çoğunun hastalık mekanizmaları henüz bildirilmemiştir. Hastalık
mekanizmaları belirlenenmiş endokrin bozucuların hepsinde farklı mekanizmalar gözlenmektedir. Bu derlemede besinlerdeki endokrin bozucular, tolere edilebilir alım miktarları, besinlerin içerisindeki miktarlar
ve bu endokrin bozucuların hastalık yapıcı etkilerinden bahsedilecektir.The endocrine system, also calls the hormonal systems, present in all mammals, birds, fishes, and many other alive
organisms. Endocrine glands, hormones produced by these glands, target organs of hormones and receptors in
tissues are located in this system. The hypothalamus-pituitary glands, thyroid, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands,
gonads-sex glands and pancreas are the glands in the endocrine system. Endocrine disruptors affect the environment
and human health negatively with many effect mechanisms such as imitating the hormone structure or receptor of
the endocrine system. Until today, the European Commission has identified 535 endocrine disruptors and reported in
its report. It is not possible to sustain life without nutrition, we are exposed to endocrine disruptors in food every day.
Endocrine disruptors are transmitted to foods by many factors such as canned food, plastics, food processing and
environmental pollution. Basic endocrine disruptors in foods; bisphenol A, phthalates, phytoestrogens, pesticides and
heavy metals. Disease mechanisms of most endocrine disruptors have not yet been reported. Disease mechanisms
identified endocrine disruptors are different mechanisms have been determined. In this review, endocrine disruptors
in foods, tolerable intake amounts, amounts in foods and the disease-causing effects of these endocrine disruptors
will be mentioned
Determining nutrition aspects of midwives and nurses who work in shifts and their associations to obesity
No full textKalıtımsal ve çevresel etkilerle oluşan obezite; gerek komplikasyonları, gerekse endikasyonları nedeniyle oldukça önemli, sürekli tekrarlayabilmesi nedeniyle de kronik bir hastalıktır. Yağ dokusunun endojen hormon salgılayan bir organ olarak kabul edildiği son dönemlerde obezite, global bir epidemi haline gelmiştir. Vardiya çalışması, günümüz dünyasında artan ihtiyaçlar nedeniyle giderek önem kazanan bir konudur. Özellikle sürekli hizmet veren ulaşım, haberleşme, iletişim ve sağlık sektörlerinde vardiyalı çalışma mecburi bir ihtiyaçtır. Bunun yanı sıra artan rekabet nedeniyle de diğer birçok sektörde vardiyalı çalışma yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; vardiya usulü çalışmanın obezite üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve bu konuda yapılmış diğer çalışmalarla birlikte bu durumun etiyolojisi hakkında bilgi edinebilmektir. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar, vardiyalı çalışma sisteminin insan biyoritmini bozarak çeşitli hastalıkların yanı sıra obeziteye neden olabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Çalışmamızda gece vardiyasında çalışan 115 kadın ve 35 erkek (n=150) ebe ve hemşirenin beslenme düzenleri araştırılmış ve vardiyalı çalışma hayatının bu düzendeki etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sırasında bireylerle yüz yüze görüşülerek anket formu uygulanmış ve antropometrik ölçümleri (boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, bel ve kalça çevresi) alınmıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında kişilerin medeni ve sosyal durumları, vardiyada çalışma süreleri, beslenme ve uyku düzenleri, vardiyanın sosyal ve psikolojik etkileri incelemeye alınmıştır. Anket verilerinin değerlendirilmesi ile haftalık gece vardiyasında çalışma sayıları, yıl bazında vardiyalı çalışma süreleri, vardiyaya ara vermeleri sonucundaki ağırlık değişimleri ve vardiyada hızlı-hazır besin tüketme sıklıkları ile beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) değerleri ayrı ayrı incelendiğinde istatistiki anlamlılıklar saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Elde edilen bu veriler neticesinde vardiyalı çalışmanın, çeşitli çevresel ve biyolojik nedenlerle kişilerin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve uyku düzenlerini etkilediği, dolaylı olarak da ağırlık değişimlerine neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Vardiyalı çalışma, Obezite, Sirkadiyen ritim, Hemşireler.DETERMINING NUTRITION ASPECTS OF MIDWIVES AND NURSES WHO WORK IN SHIFTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS TO OBESITY Obesity, which develops due to heritage and environmental factors, is a considerably important dissease because of its complications and also its implications, and it is a chronic dissease because of its potential reoccupation. Recently, adipose tissue is admitted to be an hormon excretory organ, making obesity a global epidemy. Shift working is an increasing topic for the increasing demands in today's world. Shift work is an obligatory need in unceasing service areas such as transportation, media, communication, and health institutions. Besides, due to ascending competetion in many other working sectors, shift working is becoming widespread. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of shift working on obesity and to get information about the etiology of this issue together with other studies conducted in this area. Litterature on this area gives an impression that shift working may cause several dissease together with obesity by damaging human biorhythm. For the purpose of the study, the nutrition regularities of 115 female and 35 male (n=150) midwifes and nurses working in a public hospital, are investigated, and the influence of the shift working on this regularity is examined. During the study, participants are surveyed face to face and antropometric measures (height, weight, hip and waist circumferences) are collected.Within the context of this study, individuals' maritial and social status, working time in shift work, nutrition and sleep regularities, and social and psychological effects of shift work are investigated. By the assessment of survey data, significant differences are determined among individuals' weekly number of shift work, annually duration of shift work, weight gain due to taking break in shift work, and intensity of consuming fastfood in shift work related to their body mass index (BMI) values when analyzed independently. By the analysis of results it is concluded that, shift working effects nutrition and sleeping habits of the people by hereditary and environmental reasons, indirectly causing weight changes. Keywords:Shift Work, Obesity, Circadian Rhythm, Nurses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Role of intensive dietary and lifestyle interventions in the treatment of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients
No full textBackground/aim Although weight loss is recommended for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in overweight and obese individuals, this treatment modality remains questionable in lean individuals. In this study, we investigated the effects of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and intensive lifestyle interventions (ILIs) for NAFLD in lean versus obese patients. Methods In total, 35 patients (14 lean and 21 obese) were included in the study. All patients underwent transient elastography examinations, and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) of >238 dB/m was indicative of hepatic steatosis. After 8 weeks of dietitian follow-up with MNT and ILI, the patients were compared with the baseline. Results Significant weight loss was recorded in both lean (5.4%) and obese patients (5.7%) with NAFLD. The mean BMI decreased from 23.9 (20.5-24.8) to 22.4 (19.5-24.2) kg/m(2)(P = 0.001) in lean patients and from 34.0 (30.0-42.0) to 31.6 (26.9-42.5) kg/m(2)(P < 0.001) in obese patients. The alanine aminotransferase level significantly decreased from 56 (15-163) to 28 (13-98) U/L (P = 0.010) in lean patients and from 27 (13-81) to 22 (13-46) U/L (P = 0.018) in obese patients. The median CAP decreased from 299 (246-360) to 236 (169-318) dB/m (P = 0.002) in lean patients and from 325 (258-400) to 253 (202-383) dB/m (P < 0.001) in obese patients. Moreover, remission of hepatic steatosis was detected in eight lean patients (57.1%) and eight obese patients (38.1%). Conclusion These results indicate that 5% body weight loss in effective in both obese and lean patients resulting in a similar NAFLD remission
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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