181 research outputs found
« Le traducteur et l'ordinateur »
No full textJean-René Ladmiral : « Le traducteur et l'ordinateur »
In a first part, this paper presents the other papers published in this issue, within a wider, linguistic and historical framework. In a second part, the author explains how the use of a personal computer with text-processing software can help the translator resolving psycho-linguistic difficulties in rewording, i.e. producing a target language text.Ladmiral Jean-René. « Le traducteur et l'ordinateur ». In: Langages, 28ᵉ année, n°116, 1994. Le traducteur et l'ordinateur, sous la direction de Jean-René Ladmiral. pp. 5-19
CHANSONS A BOIRE
No full textComprend : TRINQUE... TRINQUE / F. LEMARQUE, J. DAVIS ; CAMILLE SAUVAGE et son Grand Orchestre - LA VIGNE AU VIN : Vieille chanson bacchique - LES MOINES DE SAINT-BERNARDIN : Vieille chanson épicurienne - BOIRE UN PETIT COUP / F. BOYER, VALBONNE - CHEVALIERS DE LA TABLE RONDE : Vieille chanson bacchique / JACK GAUTHIER ; Orchestre et choeurs dir : D. WHITE - LE MAENNERCHOR DE STEFFISBOURG / J. VILLARS, GILLES ; les QUATRE BARBUS - UN P'TIT COUP DE ROUGE / P. LEMEL ; J. DALES ; RENE DELAUNAY ; avec GUY LUYPAERTS et son Orchestre - PRET'MOI TON TONNEAU / M. MICHEYL, Y. ALLAIN ; René DELAUNAY ; avec LEO CLARENS et son OrchestreBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
Musikstädte as real and imaginary soundscapes: urban musical images as literary motifs in twentieth-century German modernism
No full textPhDThis study examines German literary images of musical life as part of the wider sound identity of the modern German city at the turn of the twentieth century. Focussing on a forty-year period from 1890 to 1930, synonymous with the emergence of the modern German metropolis as an aesthetic object, the project assesses, compares and contrasts how musical life in the Musikstädte was perceived and portrayed by writers in an increasingly noisy urban environment. How does urban musical life influence and condition city writings? What are the differences and similarities between the writings on various musical cities? Can an urban textual sound identity be derived from these differences and similarities? The approach employed to answer these questions is a new, cross-disciplinary one to urban sound in literature, moving beyond reading the key sounds of the urban soundscape using urban musicology, sensorial anthropology and cultural poetics towards a literary contextualisation of the urban aural experience.
The literary motifs of the symphony, the gramophone and urban noise are put under the spotlight through the analysis of a wide range of modernist works by authors who have a special relationship with music. At the centre of this analysis are the Kaffeehausliteratur authors Hermann Bahr, Alfred Polgar and Peter Altenberg, the then Munich-based author Thomas Mann and the lesser known René Schickele. The analysis of these particular works is framed in the music-geographical context of the Musikstadt and literary underpinnings of this topos, ranging from Ingeborg Bachmann to Hans Mayer and, once again, Thomas Mann. In analysing these texts, the methodological approach devised by Strohm, who identifies the blending of a range of urban sounds as a definition of urban space and identity, is applied. His ideas combine historical literary
analysis, musical history and urban sociology. They are rarely used in the analysis of the auditory environment.Arts and Humanities Research Council
Westfield TrustWestfield Trust Studentship
Arts and Humanities Reseach Council (AHRC
O significante como representante do sujeito para outro significante
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em PsicologiaAinda que Freud não tenha dedicado sua atenção ao estabelecimento de um conceito de sujeito psicanalítico, sendo lembrado ao invés disso, por seus esforços na legitimação do conceito de inconsciente, deixou uma única passagem teorizando a esse respeito, que renderá estranhamento no tradutor de sua obra para a língua inglesa. Quase duas décadas após sua morte, Jacques Lacan inicia um ensino que preza pelo resgate das perspectivas freudianas, produzindo um trabalho no qual ressalta o aparecimento do sujeito como um ponto capital para a clínica psicanalítica. Trilhando a evolução dos conceitos psicanalíticos freudianos em torno do problema da representação, muitas similaridades com o significante desenvolvido por Saussure puderam ser encontradas. O título do presente trabalho segue esta mesma trilha percorrida por Lacan retomando seu aforismo que resume a importância da aparição do sujeito a partir da única coisa da qual efetivamente se tem certeza em psicanálise, o significante, no qual declara que "o significante é aquilo que representa o sujeito para outro significante". Foi por via destas proximidades que o acervo teórico psicanalítico pôde se valer da linguística como ferramenta para articulações lógicas, matemáticas e topológicas que estendem o alcance do pensar-a-clínica, para constatar a impossibilidade de se absorver um significado do significante, uma vez que só se reporta a outro significante. Este trabalho coleta uma variedade de aproximações que reiteradamente mostram como o significante porta uma questão impossível de ser reduzida a uma articulação simbólica. Todo intento neste sentido, não incorre em outro resultado senão na preservação desse irrealizável.Although Freud didn't devote his attention to the establishment of a psychoanalytic concept of the subject, being remembered instead for his efforts to legitimize the concept of the unconscious, he left a single passage theorizing about it which would confuse the translator of his work to the English language. Almost two decades after his death, Jacques Lacan started a teaching which valued a return to Freudian perspectives, producing a work which emphasized the emergence of the subject as a capital point in the psychoanalytic practice. Tracing the development of Freudian psychoanalytic concepts around the problem of representation, many similarities with the signifier developed by Saussure could be found. The present work's title follows the same path trailed by Lacan, retaking his aphorism that summarizes the importance of the appearance of the subject from the only thing that one can be sure in psychoanalysis, the signifier, stating that "the signifier is what represents the subject for another signifier". It was through these proximities that the psychoanalytic theory could take advantage of linguistics as a tool for logical, mathematical and topological articulations that extend the reach of the ways to think the clinic, to note the impossibility of absorbing the meaning of a signifier, since it only reports to another signifier. This work collects a variety of approaches that repeatedly show how the signifier bears a question impossible to be reduced to a symbolic articulation. Any attempt in this direction, incurs no other result than the preservation of this impossible
Bulletin de l'Athénée oriental
No full textVariante(s) de titre : Compte-rendu des séances de l'Athénée orientalVariante(s) de titre : Bulletin de l'Athénée oriental et Revue critique internationaleVariante(s) de titre : Bulletin de l'Athénée oriental, Revue critique internationaleVariante(s) de titre : Bulletin de la Section orientale et africaine (Société d'ethnographie)Périodicité : Mensuel (1871-[1873?]) ; Trimestriel (1880-1883)Etat de collection : T. 1, no. 1-10 (1868, janv./juin-1869, mars
Polyphonie divergente ou convergente ? Le traitement réservé au texte dramatique dans Provincetown Playhouse, juillet 1919, j’avais 19 ans et Bob
No full textLes oeuvres dramatiques de Normand Chaurette et de René-Daniel Dubois suivent depuis trois décennies des destinées parallèles. La polyphonie occupe une place importante chez l’un et chez l’autre. Le traitement réservé à cette polyphonie peut cependant être grandement modifié ou amplifié par le processus d’écriture scénique. Carole Nadeau a ainsi délibérément déconstruit le texte de Provincetown Playhouse, juillet 1919, j’avais 19 ans de Chaurette afin d’en faire un spectacle éclaté où la vision du metteur en scène est plus importante que la voix de l’auteur, tandis que la mise en scène de René Richard Cyr s’est effacée pour que la parole de Dubois, dans Bob, domine le modèle dialogique. Écrites à près de trente ans d’intervalle, les oeuvres de ces deux dramaturges qui, sur papier, offrent toutes deux un exemple de polyphonie centrée sur la figure de l’auteur, offrent sur scène deux formes différentes d’esthétique théâtrale.For the last three decades, polyphony took up a great deal of importance in the career of playwrights Normand Chaurette and René-Daniel Dubois who followed parallel pathways. However, the treatment reserved to this polyphonic approach could greatly be modified or amplified by the director’s work. Carole Nadeau thus deliberately deconstructed Chaurette’s play Provincetown Playhouse, juillet 1919, j’avais 19 ans in order to make an exploded show where the director’s vision is more important than the author’s voice. Whereas René-Richard Cyr’s staging is fading into the background to let Dubois’s words, in his play Bob, dominate the dialogical pattern. Written in a thirty years interval, the playwrights’ works which, on paper, are two good examples of the polyphonic voice focusing on the author, are confronting each other on stage, as their productions present two different forms of theatrical aesthetic
Analysis Of Measures Implemented In The Fight Against The Spread Of COVID-19 in the Karlovy Vary Region
Get PDFÚvodní část diplomové práce je věnována zhodnocení současného stavu mimořádných a krizových opatření realizovaných v boji proti šíření onemocnění COVID-19 v České republice (dále jen „ČR“). Následující kapitoly tak budou věnovány komplexnímu popsání současného stavu zaměřeného na problematiku krizového řízení, vývoj a šíření onemocnění COVID-19 v ČR a legislativní rámec spojený s problematikou pandemie. V navazující praktické části diplomové práce jsou stanoveny cíle práce, hypotézy a vhodná metodika analýz mimořádných a krizových opatření určených pro boj s šířením onemocnění COVID-19. Cílů práce bylo dosaženo formou jednotlivých analýz, které se opírají o vlastní získané zkušenosti z odboru krizového řízení Karlovarského kraje doplněné o deskriptivní a komparativní metody. Obsahem praktické části jsou tedy vybrané krizové a mimořádné opatření a nástroje, které mají za cíl snížit šíření koronavirového onemocnění v populaci, kdy je důraz především kladen na jejich efektivitu. U jednotlivých opatření je také uveden souhrn činností, které Hasičský záchranný sbor Karlovarského kraje (dále jen „HZS KVK“) prostřednictvím přenesené působnosti pro Karlovarský kraj zařizovalo. Cílem SWOT analýzy je u vybraných, mimořádných a krizových opatření definovat slabé a silné stránky. V práci je rovněž využita metoda What-if, která je zaměřena na rizika spojená s vydanými krizovými opatřeními v případě jejich nedodržování. Diskuse se soustředí na stále probíhající koronavirovou situaci kontextu zdravotně-bezpečnostní politiky spojené s tímto negativním fenoménem. Výsledky předchozích analýz jsou zde zasazeny do kontextu současného stavu a možného budoucího vývoje onemocnění COVID-19. Informační zdroje tvoří vybrané oficiální národní dokumenty, zejména pak právní akty ČR a publikace českých i zahraničních autorů, kteří se zabývají pandemií COVID-19. Závěr diplomové práce obsahuje doporučení autora ke zlepšení současných krizových a mimořádných opatření, které by mohly v budoucnu zvýšit účinnost boje s tímto negativním jevem.The introductory part of the diploma thesis is focused the evaluation of the current state of emergency and crisis measures implemented in the fight against the spread of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic. The following chapters will be focused on a comprehensive description of the current situation of crisis management, the development and spread of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic and the legislative framework which is connected to the pandemic. The following practical part of the diploma thesis sets out the objectives of the thesis, hypotheses, and a suitable methodology for the analysis of emergency and crisis measures designed to combat the spread of COVID-19. The aims of the work were achieved by individual analyzes, which are based on the experience gained from the crisis management department of the Karlovy Vary region, supplemented by descriptive and comparative methods. The practical part consists of selected crisis and emergency measures and tools that aim to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease in the population, where the emphasis is primarily focused on their effectiveness. For individual measures, a summary of activities provided by the Fire and Rescue Service of the city of Karlovy Vary Region through the delegated competence for the Karlovy Vary Region is also given. The aim of the SWOT analysis is to define the strengths and weaknesses of selected emergency and crisis measures. The practical part also uses the What-if method, which responds to issued crisis measures and assesses the degree of risk associated with non-compliance. The discussion will focus on the ongoing coronavirus situation, in the context of the health and safety policy associated with this negative phenomenon. The results of previous analyzes are placed in the context of the current situation. The sources of information consist mainly of selected official national documents, especially legal acts of the Czech Republic, publications of Czech and foreign authors who deal with epidemiology. The conclusion of the diploma thesis contains a draft of author´s recommendation to streamline selected crisis and emergency measures that could increase the effectiveness of the fight against this negative phenomenon in the future
Signs and symptoms to determine if a patient presenting in primary care or hospital outpatient settings has COVID‐19
Get PDFBACKGROUND: COVID‐19 illness is highly variable, ranging from infection with no symptoms through to pneumonia and life‐threatening consequences. Symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of sense of smell (anosmia) or taste (ageusia), can help flag early on if the disease is present. Such information could be used either to rule out COVID‐19 disease, or to identify people who need to go for COVID‐19 diagnostic tests. This is the second update of this review, which was first published in 2020. OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of signs and symptoms to determine if a person presenting in primary care or to hospital outpatient settings, such as the emergency department or dedicated COVID‐19 clinics, has COVID‐19. SEARCH METHODS: We undertook electronic searches up to 10 June 2021 in the University of Bern living search database. In addition, we checked repositories of COVID‐19 publications. We used artificial intelligence text analysis to conduct an initial classification of documents. We did not apply any language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were eligible if they included people with clinically suspected COVID‐19, or recruited known cases with COVID‐19 and also controls without COVID‐19 from a single‐gate cohort. Studies were eligible when they recruited people presenting to primary care or hospital outpatient settings. Studies that included people who contracted SARS‐CoV‐2 infection while admitted to hospital were not eligible. The minimum eligible sample size of studies was 10 participants. All signs and symptoms were eligible for this review, including individual signs and symptoms or combinations. We accepted a range of reference standards. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Pairs of review authors independently selected all studies, at both title and abstract, and full‐text stage. They resolved any disagreements by discussion with a third review author. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the QUADAS‐2 checklist, and resolved disagreements by discussion with a third review author. Analyses were restricted to prospective studies only. We presented sensitivity and specificity in paired forest plots, in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space and in dumbbell plots. We estimated summary parameters using a bivariate random‐effects meta‐analysis whenever five or more primary prospective studies were available, and whenever heterogeneity across studies was deemed acceptable. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 90 studies; for this update we focused on the results of 42 prospective studies with 52,608 participants. Prevalence of COVID‐19 disease varied from 3.7% to 60.6% with a median of 27.4%. Thirty‐five studies were set in emergency departments or outpatient test centres (46,878 participants), three in primary care settings (1230 participants), two in a mixed population of in‐ and outpatients in a paediatric hospital setting (493 participants), and two overlapping studies in nursing homes (4007 participants). The studies did not clearly distinguish mild COVID‐19 disease from COVID‐19 pneumonia, so we present the results for both conditions together. Twelve studies had a high risk of bias for selection of participants because they used a high level of preselection to decide whether reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) testing was needed, or because they enrolled a non‐consecutive sample, or because they excluded individuals while they were part of the study base. We rated 36 of the 42 studies as high risk of bias for the index tests because there was little or no detail on how, by whom and when, the symptoms were measured. For most studies, eligibility for testing was dependent on the local case definition and testing criteria that were in effect at the time of the study, meaning most people who were included in studies had already been referred to health services based on the symptoms that we are evaluating in this review. The applicability of the results of this review iteration improved in comparison with the previous reviews. This version has more studies of people presenting to ambulatory settings, which is where the majority of assessments for COVID‐19 take place. Only three studies presented any data on children separately, and only one focused specifically on older adults. We found data on 96 symptoms or combinations of signs and symptoms. Evidence on individual signs as diagnostic tests was rarely reported, so this review reports mainly on the diagnostic value of symptoms. Results were highly variable across studies. Most had very low sensitivity and high specificity. RT‐PCR was the most often used reference standard (40/42 studies). Only cough (11 studies) had a summary sensitivity above 50% (62.4%, 95% CI 50.6% to 72.9%)); its specificity was low (45.4%, 95% CI 33.5% to 57.9%)). Presence of fever had a sensitivity of 37.6% (95% CI 23.4% to 54.3%) and a specificity of 75.2% (95% CI 56.3% to 87.8%). The summary positive likelihood ratio of cough was 1.14 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.25) and that of fever 1.52 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.10). Sore throat had a summary positive likelihood ratio of 0.814 (95% CI 0.714 to 0.929), which means that its presence increases the probability of having an infectious disease other than COVID‐19. Dyspnoea (12 studies) and fatigue (8 studies) had a sensitivity of 23.3% (95% CI 16.4% to 31.9%) and 40.2% (95% CI 19.4% to 65.1%) respectively. Their specificity was 75.7% (95% CI 65.2% to 83.9%) and 73.6% (95% CI 48.4% to 89.3%). The summary positive likelihood ratio of dyspnoea was 0.96 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.11) and that of fatigue 1.52 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.91), which means that the presence of fatigue slightly increases the probability of having COVID‐19. Anosmia alone (7 studies), ageusia alone (5 studies), and anosmia or ageusia (6 studies) had summary sensitivities below 50% but summary specificities over 90%. Anosmia had a summary sensitivity of 26.4% (95% CI 13.8% to 44.6%) and a specificity of 94.2% (95% CI 90.6% to 96.5%). Ageusia had a summary sensitivity of 23.2% (95% CI 10.6% to 43.3%) and a specificity of 92.6% (95% CI 83.1% to 97.0%). Anosmia or ageusia had a summary sensitivity of 39.2% (95% CI 26.5% to 53.6%) and a specificity of 92.1% (95% CI 84.5% to 96.2%). The summary positive likelihood ratios of anosmia alone and anosmia or ageusia were 4.55 (95% CI 3.46 to 5.97) and 4.99 (95% CI 3.22 to 7.75) respectively, which is just below our arbitrary definition of a 'red flag', that is, a positive likelihood ratio of at least 5. The summary positive likelihood ratio of ageusia alone was 3.14 (95% CI 1.79 to 5.51). Twenty‐four studies assessed combinations of different signs and symptoms, mostly combining olfactory symptoms. By combining symptoms with other information such as contact or travel history, age, gender, and a local recent case detection rate, some multivariable prediction scores reached a sensitivity as high as 90%. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Most individual symptoms included in this review have poor diagnostic accuracy. Neither absence nor presence of symptoms are accurate enough to rule in or rule out the disease. The presence of anosmia or ageusia may be useful as a red flag for the presence of COVID‐19. The presence of cough also supports further testing. There is currently no evidence to support further testing with PCR in any individuals presenting only with upper respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, coryza or rhinorrhoea. Combinations of symptoms with other readily available information such as contact or travel history, or the local recent case detection rate may prove more useful and should be further investigated in an unselected population presenting to primary care or hospital outpatient settings. The diagnostic accuracy of symptoms for COVID‐19 is moderate to low and any testing strategy using symptoms as selection mechanism will result in both large numbers of missed cases and large numbers of people requiring testing. Which one of these is minimised, is determined by the goal of COVID‐19 testing strategies, that is, controlling the epidemic by isolating every possible case versus identifying those with clinically important disease so that they can be monitored or treated to optimise their prognosis. The former will require a testing strategy that uses very few symptoms as entry criterion for testing, the latter could focus on more specific symptoms such as fever and anosmia
„A Cracking Picture“ or Poetics of Ruptures (Exemplified by Festivities of Subcultural Presence)
Get PDFThe paper consists of two parts. In the first one the author focuses on obtaining methodological tools, which make it possible to oppose the rationalist modernist construct of history as „inevitable evolution“, where an individual human and his or her living uniqueness, the concept aimed at revealing and emphasizing living uniqueness of existence dissolve. What becomes the tool for the author is the „principle of authenticity“ formulated by Alessandro Ferrara and the effort to develop the „project of modernism“, which is presented by Miroslav Petříček. By employing the methodological apparatus, the other part of the paper is aimed at identifying poetics of presence (as modality of event poetics), which was used to „show“ activities of subcultures in the space of Czechoslovak culture after year 1948
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