197 research outputs found
Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of family hyacinthaceae
No full textDie Familie Hyacinthaceae umfasst ca. 900-1000 Arten und wird in vier monophyletische Unterfamilien (Oziroeoideae, Urgineoideae, Ornithogaloideae und Hyacinthoideae) aufgeteilt. Alternativ kann die Familie Hyacinthaceae, die in Afrika, Madagascar, Europa, Asien und Südamerika vorkommt, auch als Unterfamilie Scilloideae innerhalb der Familie Asparagaceae s.l. gesehen werden (e.g. APG III 2009; CHASE et al. 2009). Phylogenetischen Analysen zeigten, dass die madegassischen Arten Avonsera convallarioides und Igidia volubilis entgegen früherer Annahmen zur Unterfamilie Ornithogaloideae zu stellen sind. Die Entscheidung von MANNING et al. (2004) Scilla nossibeensis zur Gattung Ledebouria zu stellen wird durch unsere molekularen Analysen unterstützt. Ursprungsgebiete und Verbreitungsrouten wurden mittels Bayesian Binary MCMC (BBM)/S-DIVA-Analysen bestimmt und zeitlich datierte Event-Kurven wurden erstellt, um Verbreitung und Vikarianz mit geologischen Ereignissen zu korrelieren. Urgineoideae, Hyacinthoideae und Ornithogaloideae entwickelten sich im südlichen Afrika vor 49 Ma (95% HDP: 56.2-38.7), 46 Ma (95% HDP: 54-39) und 41 Ma (95% HDP: 49.31-32.00). Die Verbreitungsmuster vom südlichen Afrika nach Asien (Indien) und ins Mediterrangebiet können durch die ariden und Hochland-Korridore erklärt werden. Arten mit flachen, geflügelten Samen sind empfänglich für Fernverbreitung durch Wind. Taxa der Triben Ornithogaleae und Hyacintheae mit runden, birnenförmigen oder unregelmäßig gestalteten Samen werden kaum durch Wind verbreitet. Innerhalb der Ornithogaleae erreichte nur eine südafrikanische Gattung (Nicipe) das Äquatorialgebiet Afrikas und ein einziger Kolonisierungs-Event führte zur sekundären Diversifikation der Tribus in Eurasien in die fünf Gattungen Cathissa, Honorius, Loncomelos, Melomphis und Ornithogalum). Die trans-ozeanische Verbreitung von Taxa aus Afrika nach Madagaskar kann durch Fernverbreitung und Rafting auf großen Vegetationsmatten erklärt werden.Family Hyacinthaceae (bulbous geophytes) consists of approximately 900-1000 species (SPETA 1998), which are placed in four monophyletic subfamilies (Oziroeoideae, Urgineoideae, Ornithogaloideae and Hyacinthoideae) and are distributed in Africa, Madagascar, Europe, Asia, and South America. Hyacinthaceae can also be alternatively treated as subfamily Scilloideae within Asparagaceae (sensu lato) (e.g. APG III 2009; CHASE et al. 2009).Our investigation of Madagascan species by molecular data revealed that Avonsera convallarioides and Igidia volubilis are not members of subfamily Hyacinthoideae and Urgineoideae, respectively, but belong to subfamily Ornithogaloideae. The decision of MANNING et al. (2004) to transfer Scilla nossibeensis to genus Ledebouria is supported by our phylogenetic analysis.The biogeographic histories of subfamilies of Hyacinthaceae were inferred by Bayesian Binary Method (BBM)/S-DIVA & Lagrange analyses, and time event curves were generated to explain the dispersal, vicariance and extinction events in the light of geological events. Urgineoideae, Hyacinthoideae and Ornithogaloideae originated in southern Africa about 49 Mya (95% HDP: 56.2-38.7), 46 Mya (95% HDP: 54-39) and 41 Mya (95% HDP: 49.31-32.00), respectively. Dispersal took place from southern Africa to Madagascar, the Mediterranean region and Asia, which could be explained by geodispersal via arid corridors or long distance dispersal. The species with flattened and winged seeds (such as in Albuca and Dipcadi), are dispersed over long distances by strong winds. The species with globouse seeds (of tribe Ornithogaleae and Hyacintheae), can hardly be dispersed by winds and a smaller number of dispersals are identified to Madagascar (one dispersal) and to the Mediterranean region (two dispersals). The trans-oceanic dispersal events from southern Africa to Madagascar could be explained in the light of long distance dispersal by winds and rafting via large vegetation mats.by Syed Shujait AliGraz, Univ., Diss., 2013Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprach
Pakistan as a major obstacle in global end to poliomyelitis program: background and 2016 update
No full textCorrection to: Phylogenetic relationships, molecular taxonomy, biogeography of Betula, with emphasis on phylogenetic position of Iranian populations
No full textInferences of biogeographical histories within subfamily Hyacinthoideae using S-DIVA and Bayesian binary MCMC analysis implemented in RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies)
No full textDesigning a highly antigenic multi epitope subunit vaccine against Bovine alpha herpes virus 2 targeting glycoprotein B and H: A reverse vaccinology approach
No full textBovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2), a major pathogen in cattle, belongs to the Herpesviridae family. In this work, we designed a vaccine against BoHV-2 using its envelope glycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein H. In this work, computational methods were utilized for predicting the B and T lymphocyte epitopes with striking results in their antigenicity and low allergenicity. Thereafter, the vaccine design stability tests showed that it was physicochemically stable. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses validated its further efficacy. The docking results demonstrated 11 hydrogen bonds coupled with one salt bridge between the vaccine and TLR3 while PRODIGY analysis suggested a binding free energy (ΔG) of −10.7 kcal/mol alongside a dissociation constant (kDa) of 1.5e-08. In silico cloning demonstrations showed effective expression levels together with immune simulation predictions, suggesting robust immunological responses. However, this study has certain limitations, such as the experimental validation. Future in vivo and in vitro studies are required to confirm the immunogenicity and safety of the in-silico designed vaccine construct
Biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of Hyrcanian wild apple using cpDNA and ITS noncoding sequences
No full textThe Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran is considered one of the potential centres for the evolution and domestication of the genus Malus (Rosaceae). However, the biogeography, phylogenetic position, and taxonomic status of the Hyrcanian wild apples have never been evaluated. In our study, the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the trnH-psbA intergenic spacer region from 14 natural populations were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS and the Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree showed that all Hyrcanian samples were closely related to M. orientalis and M. asiatica and can be placed within section Malus and series Malus. Furthermore, based on a comparison of ITS2 secondary structures, the Hyrcanian samples were identical to M. orientalis and M. sieversii. Biogeographic scenarios constructed using Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA) and the Bayesian Binary Method (BBM) indicated that the ancestor of Malus originated during the Eocene, ∼53 million years ago (Ma), and that China played a vital role in the expansion of the range of the genus. The members of Malus colonized the Hyrcanian region from China during the Miocene, ∼22-10 Ma
Effect of supplementation of feed with Flaxseed (Linumusitatisimum) oil on libido and semen quality of Nilli-Ravi buffalo bulls
No full textAbstract Background The current study was designed to investigate the effect of supplementation of Flaxseed (Linumusitatisimum) oil on libido and semen quality of Nilli-Ravi buffalo bulls. Methods In this study, 12 adult healthy bulls kept at the Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad district Sahiwal, were used. These bulls were divided into three equal groups, A, B and C. Group A was kept as control, while in groups B and C supplementation of feed was provided by using flaxseed oil @125 ml/day and 250 ml/day,respectively for 12 weeks. Two ejaculates per animal were collected at 0 day then 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th week of treatment. In this way a total 216 samples were taken, and each semen sample was evaluated for color, volume, mass activity, percent motility, sperm cell concentration per ml, percentage of live sperm, and plasma membrane integrity. Libido of bulls was also evaluated before every collection. Results Analysis of data revealed that these parameters were significantly (P < 0.01) increased in flax oil treated animals as compared to control. Conclusion It was concluded from the present study that flax seed oil has beneficial effects on reproductive health of buffalo bull
Out of Africa: Miocene Dispersal, Vicariance, and Extinction within Hyacinthaceae Subfamily Urgineoideae
No full textDisjunct distribution patterns in plant lineages are usually explained according to three hypotheses: vicariance, geodispersal, and long-distance dispersal. The role of these hypotheses is tested in Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae), a subfamily disjunctly distributed in Africa, Madagascar, India, and the Mediterranean region. The potential ancestral range, dispersal routes, and factors responsible for the current distribution in Urgineoideae are investigated using divergence time estimations. Urgineoideae originated in Southern Africa approximately 48.9 Mya. Two independent dispersal events in the Western Mediterranean region possibly occurred during Early Oligocene and Miocene (29.9–8.5 Mya) via Eastern and Northwestern Africa. A dispersal from Northwestern Africa to India could have occurred between 16.3 and 7.6 Mya. Vicariance and extinction events occurred approximately 21.6 Mya. Colonization of Madagascar occurred between 30.6 and 16.6 Mya, after a single transoceanic dispersal event from Southern Africa. The current disjunct distributions of Urgineoideae are not satisfactorily explained by Gondwana fragmentation or dispersal via boreotropical forests, due to the younger divergence time estimates. The flattened winged seeds of Urgineoideae could have played an important role in long-distance dispersal by strong winds and big storms, whereas geodispersal could have also occurred from Southern Africa to Asia and the Mediterranean region via the so-called arid and high-altitude corridors.Higher Education Commission of Pakista
Structural insights into the mechanism of RNA recognition by the N-terminal RNA-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein
No full textSustainable production of biomass and industrially important secondary metabolites in cell cultures of selfheal (Prunella vulgaris L.) elicited by silver and gold nanoparticles
No full textElicited artificial in vitro cultures are gaining more interest due to their uniform biosynthesis of industrially valuable secondary metabolites. In this study, a unique methodology was applied, in which different ratios of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were supplemented to submerge cultures to investigate sustainable production of biomass and antioxidant secondary metabolites. Cell suspension cultures were exposed to Ag and AuNPs alone or different ratios of AgAuNPs (1:2; 1:3; 2:1; 3:1) in combination with NAA. The combination of AgAuNPs (3:1) with NAA enhanced fresh (9.25 g/100 ml) and dry biomass (0.64 g/100 ml) of suspended cells than control (6.67; 0.233 g/100 ml). AuNPs with NAA-augmented media enhanced biomass accumulation in lag, log and stationary phases in a period of 49 days. Furthermore, AgAu (3:1) and AgAuNPs (2:1; 1:2) with NAA enhanced protein contents, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. However, maximum phenolics (TPC; 10.61 mg/g-DW) and flavonoids (7.62 mg/g-DW) were observed in cell cultures exposed to a combination of AgAuNPs (1:3) and NAA than control (6.27, 5.49 mg/g-DW). The combination of AgAuNPs (2:1) with NAA enhanced antioxidant activity (87.85%) in cell cultures. This study will help in illuminating the impact of NPs on cultures development and production of natural antioxidants
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