180 research outputs found
Youth and Unconventional Political Engagement
No full textThis book analyses the relationship between youth and participation, looking specifically at those repertories of involvement that are commonly clustered under the concept of “unconventional political participation”. The author focuses on the connections between youth practices of participation and youth conditions in contemporary society. Drawing from the analysis of three ethnographic case studies conducted on experiences of youth participation in Italy and Sweden, the circumstances and the reasons leading young people to express their political ideas through forms of engagement located outside the realm of “formal politics” are explored. The book seeks to bring back the specificities of contemporary youth at the centre of the analysis of youth practices of participation, highlighting their often overlooked socio-historical and generational ‘situatedness’
The Alignment Paradigm for Modeling the Self
No full textInternational audienceWe propose to develop the notion of Alignment as one general design principle to understand how to model the Self. Alignment encompasses the notions of temporal contingency detection between sensors and motors to calibrate the self, the spatial alignment between sensors of different reference frames to represent the physical limits of the body for ego-centered representation and memory alignment as well behind old and new memories important for the autobiographical self. Behind this concept of alignment we identified three complementary neural mechanisms that may serve to achieve this autonomous construction , namely spike timing-depedent plasticity, gain-modulation and predictive coding. We review several robotic researches performed to answer this question in this perspective
Ideas from Developmental Robotics and Embodied AI on the Questions of Ethics in Robots
No full textAdvances in Artificial Intelligence and robotics are currently questioning theethical framework of their applications to deal with potential drifts, as well as the way inwhich these algorithms learn because they will have a strong impact on the behavior ofrobots and the type of robots. interactions with people. We would like to highlight someprinciples and ideas from cognitive neuroscience and development sciences based on theimportance of the body for intelligence, contrary to the theory of the all-brain or all-algorithm, to represent the world and interacting with others, and their current applicationsin embodied AI and developmental robotics to propose models of architectures andmechanisms for agency, representation of the body, recognition of the intention of others,predictive coding, active inference, the role of feedback and error, imitation, artificialcuriosity and contextual learning. We will explain how these are important for the design ofautonomous systems and beyond what they can tell us for the ethics of systems
The Alignment Paradigm for Modeling the Self
No full textInternational audienceWe propose to develop the notion of Alignment as one general design principle to understand how to model the Self. Alignment encompasses the notions of temporal contingency detection between sensors and motors to calibrate the self, the spatial alignment between sensors of different reference frames to represent the physical limits of the body for ego-centered representation and memory alignment as well behind old and new memories important for the autobiographical self. Behind this concept of alignment we identified three complementary neural mechanisms that may serve to achieve this autonomous construction , namely spike timing-depedent plasticity, gain-modulation and predictive coding. We review several robotic researches performed to answer this question in this perspective
Synergistic control of a multi-segments vertebral column robot based on tensegrity for postural balance
No full textInternational audienceWe present a neuronal architecture to control a compliant robotic model of the human vertebral column for postural balance. The robotic structure is designed using the principle of tensegrity that ensures to be lightweight, auto-replicative with multi-degrees of freedom, flexible and also robust to perturbations. We model the central pattern generators of the spinal cords with a network of nonlinear Kuramoto oscillators coupled internally and externally to the structure and error-driven by a proportional derivative (PD) controller using an accelerometer for feedback. This coupling between the two controllers is original and we show it serves to generate controlled rhythmical patterns. We observe for certain coupling parameters some intervals of synchronization and of resonance of the neural units to the tensile structure to permit smooth control and balance. We show that the top-down PD control of the oscillators flexibly absorbs external shocks proportionally to the perturbation and converges to steady state behaviors. We discuss then about our neural architecture to model motor synergies for compliance control and also about tensegrity structures for soft robotics. The 3D printed model is provided as well as a movie at the addres
Apprentissage de la Complexité du Corps-Cerveau en Robotique Bio-Inspirée
No full textComprendre le lien entre la sensorialité et l’acte moteur est à la fois un point de départ et un point d’arrivé pour comprendre la cognition humaine. Le robot est par là-même l’outil idéal pour étudier ces différents aspects. Cela nécessite à la fois de comprendre le niveau microscopique et macroscopique des modèles neuronaux et cérébraux, comprendre la biomécanique du corps et le traitement de l’information fait par les cellules sensorielles et musculaires, ainsi que toute la chaîne de processus pour apprendre, s’adapter dynamiquement face à l’imprévu. Ces questions rebouclent sans cesse dans ma recherche pour définir les mécanismes de l’Intelligence Encorporée.J’y explore trois axes de recherche qui sont la génération du mouvement, le développement cognitif, l’apprentissage sensorimoteur. Il s’agit de comprendre comment le corps est constitué, quelle est sa structure bio-mécanique, comment un système agissant peut apprendre sur le long-terme et arrive à apprendre à apprendre de ses propres actions. Ce qui lie mes recherches est une vision complexe et encorporée de l’intelligence, transversale, dont les mots-clefs sont les processus itératifs, émergents, auto-associatifs, génératifs
Contribution of the Cholinergic Innervation to Early Memory Development in the Neonate Para-Hippocampal System
No full textInternational audienceNewborns present impressive developmental changes during the first year in almost all domains marked by memory categorization and variability. We propose that one important actor of this developmental shift is the gradual influence of the cholinergic system in the cortico-hippocampal circuits. Based on neurological observations and developmental studies, we model how the neuromodulator acetylcholine could be gradually released in the hippocampal system from the fetal period till the first year to support the detection of novel .
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