1,360,186 research outputs found
Diplomatic document of the Lithuanian civic courage
No full textReikšminiai žodžiai: 1942 m. lapkričio 14 d. Memorandumas; Germanizacija; II pasaulinis karas; Jonas Aleksa; Jonas Petras Aleksa; Kazimieras Grinius; Kazys Grinius; Kolonizacija; Lietuva nacių okupacijos metais; Lietuvos kolonizacija; Lietuvos piliečių persekiojimai; Lietuvos repatriantai; Memorandumas; Mykolas Krupavičius; Nacių okupacija Lietuvoje; Theodor Adrian Renteln; Theodor Adrian von Renteln; Vokiečių okupacija; Vokiečių repatriantai; Colonisation; Colonization of Lithuania; German okupation; German repatriates; Germanization; Jonas Aleksa; Jonas Petras Aleksa; Kazimieras Grinius; Kazys Grinius; Lithuania under Nazi German occupation; Lithuanian repatriates; Memorandum; Memorandum of 14 November 1942; Mykolas Krupavičius; Nazi-German Occupation of Lithuania; Persecution of Citizens of Lithuania; Theodor Adrian Renteln; Theodor Adrian von Renteln; Wold War IIThe Third Reich went to war with the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. The German army occupied the whole Lithuania in a week’s time and Theodor Adrian von Renteln was appointed the Civil Governor of Lithuania. The criticism of the occupier as well as the resistance were suppressed without mercy. On November 14, 1942 three well- known Lithuanian activists: the former President of the Republic of Lithuania - Kazimieras Grinius and two former ministers - Jonas Petras Aleksa, Mykolas Krupavičius, aware of the penalties, issued the memorandum to Theodor Adrian Renteln, taking into defence Lithuanians, Poles and Jews displaced from their farms. The authors of the memorandum denounced colonial attempts of the occupants and presented the disastrous consequences of the policy for the economy and the country. They did not have to wait for the response. They were arrested and prosecuted
Some Results on Approximability of Minimum Sum Vertex Cover
No full textWe study the Minimum Sum Vertex Cover problem, which asks for an ordering of vertices in a graph that minimizes the total cover time of edges. In particular, n vertices of the graph are visited according to an ordering, and for each edge this induces the first time it is covered. The goal of the problem is to find the ordering which minimizes the sum of the cover times over all edges in the graph.
In this work we give the first explicit hardness of approximation result for Minimum Sum Vertex Cover. In particular, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, we show that the Minimum Sum Vertex Cover problem cannot be approximated within 1.014. The best approximation ratio for Minimum Sum Vertex Cover as of now is 16/9, due to a recent work of Bansal, Batra, Farhadi, and Tetali.
We also revisit an approximation algorithm for regular graphs outlined in the work of Feige, Lovász, and Tetali, and show that Minimum Sum Vertex Cover can be approximated within 1.225 on regular graphs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Aleksa Čelebonović i jugoslavenski nastupi na Venecijanskom bijenalu
No full textOn the basis of archival sources the paper reconstructs and analyses the role of Aleksa Čelebonović in the process of establishing the Yugoslav modernist model of exhibition presentation at the Venice Biennale between 1956 and 1964. The author considers Čelebonović’s activity as Yugoslav exhibition commissioner in the context of cultural and political agenda of the Yugoslav state, with the purpose of encouraging further research aimed at a more exhaustive understanding of Čelebonović’s endeavours as one of the protagonists of Yugoslav art scene who has not been given due scholarly attention.U članku se na osnovi arhivske građe rekonstruira i analizira uloga Alekse Čelebonovića u procesu postavljanja temeljnih okvira poslijeratnoga modernističkog modela predstavljanja jugoslavenske umjetnosti na Bijenalu u Veneciji između 1956. i 1964. godine. Čelebonovićeva aktivnost na funkciji komesara jugoslavenskih nastupa na Venecijanskom bijenalu razmatra se u kontekstu kulturno-političkih agendi jugoslavenske države, s ciljem da se otvori prostor i potaknu daljnja pitanja za bolje razumijevanje značajne djelatnosti ovog aktera svijeta umjetnosti u Jugoslaviji, kojem dosad nije posvećena pozornost istraživača
L'autostrada come opera d'arte collettiva nella Jugoslavia di Tito
No full textThe Highway of Brotherhood and Unity - the motto of Yugoslav Communists - may help us decode the multiple layers of meaning interlocked in the built environment. Undoubtedly, the construction of the Highway was organic to national cohesion.
Built by brigades of young volunteers, the Highway allowed a one-day trip across Yugoslavia: an experiential approach of the common motherland by which ‘federalism’ acquired a concrete dimension.
From an architect’s viewpoint, our contribution lays claim to a project-oriented approach to the Highway as a coherent built-up form, posing new technical problems, yet orienting urban change and opening up a whole range of narratives. To do that, we oscillate back and forth actual construction of the Highway – combining engineering, landscape design, urbanism and architecture – and its role as a catalyst of new collective perceptions and behavioural patterns. The Highway provided the centre of gravity for a far-reaching cross-cultural venture, a large-scale collective work of art
Modernist rural landscapes along ancient roads
No full textThis contribution addresses the notion of “Uses of Past” against two
“modernist rural landscapes” examined in the framework of the
MODSCAPES project.1 Both covering a rather short timeframe, the cases
of Northern Greece (1920s) and of the Pontine Plain in central Italy
(1930s) represent polar opposites in this respect. In the aftermath of the
Greco-Turkish war (1919-1922), rural modernisation of Northern Greece
was implemented as a response to a geopolitical and humanitarian crisis. In
Fascist Italy, instead, “integral reclamation” of the Pontine Marshes,
finalised in 1935, was part of Mussolini’s ruralisation policy, a step towards
national self-sufficiency, setting agriculture and related “healthy industries”
against the disastrous effects of industrial urbanism. Many scholars questioned the monolithic perception of architecture and town planning of
the Fascist period, yet the idea of modern Italy empowering the legacy of
the ancient Roman Empire was a fundamental part of the political
propaganda underpinning major interventions. In Greece, there was no
room for rhetorical narratives. The decision to concentrate the majority of
Asia Minor refugees in the newly acquired border regions set the priority
on cost-efficient standard projects and bottom-up community
development. Additional aspects may lead to consider these two case
studies as poles apart. The Pontine region was a true repository of projects
partially or fully implemented over the long period, whereas Northern
Greece emerged from four centuries of Ottoman rule and only some
decades of agricultural development triggered by the construction of
railway lines. Apparently similar responses to radically different problems,
these rural modernisation processes do present a common denominator in
the presence of an infrastructural scaffolding (Zarecor 2018) inherited
from the distant past, namely the Via Appia and Via Egnatia, part of the
same route from the Adriatic to the Black Sea. Both maintained a strategic
role in the new schemes, favouring resettlement operations and the
logistics of reclamation. Identifying which elements of the historical
palimpsest played a vital part in large-scale resettlement and reclamations
schemes, this contribution aims at challenging the very notion of heritage,
admitting its functional and symbolic potential as an asset, as part of a
“latent order” awaiting future interpretation
Architectural conjectural mapping: two examples
No full textMapping is a key research tool to understand the relationship between specific geographical features and territorial transformations (settlement patterns, hydraulic works, new rail and road infrastructure, land-use change). Starting from the Italian academic tradition (Muratori, Caniggia, Rossi) that focused mainly on the urban context we have developed mapping for fringe-areas at various scales: from city and countryside to expanding rural areas that mark the shifting boundaries(using the agricultural Behera-Region/Alexandria in Egypt and the Belgrade urban evolution in Serbia). Mapping should envision not only the geomorphological features but also the complexity of the landscape structure, as a repository of layers, questioning what are we looking for through mapping and constructing the legend accordingly: selecting which elements need to be highlighted or remain latent and which additional elements need to be identified with the help of complementary sources. GIS holds potential for showing key physical features, their extent, quantity and position in a single glance but is mapping the same as tracing? Is it capable of showing the space-time whirl in landscape transformations
Multi-fold Perspectives on Skopje’s Reconstruction. Megastructures, Infrastructures, and Emergency Housing
No full textReviewing and cross-checking available literature against articles published in international and Yugoslav journals, this paper highlights the diverging aspects of Skopje ́s reconstruction after the earthquake of 26 July 1963, an unmatchable case study on the architectural and town planning debate of the mid-sixties.
While the master plan proceeded in forced stages, pondering alternative scenarios, new emergency neighbourhoods were expanding daily along the main arterial roads. The historic centre was considered a vital part of Skopje, yet the future of its architectural expression — according to the entries of the 1965 competition — remained entangled in the infrastructural layout. Considering the complexity of all these conditions (and the strain of time), the notion of context takes on a plurality of meanings: the city of Skopje, having been grafted onto place geography, but periodically reshaped by tumultuous settlement processes; the 150,000 inhabitants that suddenly became homeless; professionals from the town planning institutes of Tito's Yugoslavia, and experts from international organisations: seismologists, hydraulic engineers, economists, sociologists, as well as town planners and architects from different backgrounds. The subsequent planning documents highlighted some fundamental nodes, such as the physical features of the Skopska Kotlina (Skopje basin) where a major national road junction was then under construction, defining urban growth and productive articulation. Using the competition for the city centre as a starting point, we shall consider the gigantism of most architectural projects against the technicalities of town planning allied to emergency interventions, which opened the way to future substitutions and densification. A review of the projects submitted to the 1965 competition, in fact, clearly shows the contrast between these visionary proposals and the reality of the problems at hand. The following paragraphs dwell on the different nature of the above-mentioned problems (in the first place, settlement congestion, severe even before the earthquake), the management of which could not be separated from some major works under way, such as the road junction that would return Skopje to its strategic role in the Balkans.
The deployment of forces was such that the debate on the future city drew on very different international expertise. While architects’ mega-structures for "the heart of the city" remained largely on paper, it was preferred to invest in the networks on which the settlement to come depended. Somehow paradoxically. neighborhoods built in emergency proved organic to these networks, precisely because of their precariousness that would guarantee greater degrees of freedom in the years to come
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