26 research outputs found
La heterodoxia de las formas narrativas breves en Enrique Vila-Matas
No full textLa presente tesis doctoral se centra en el análisis de la narrativa breve del autor barcelonés Enrique Vila-Matas (1948), poniéndola en relación con el conjunto de su obra, sus personajes, temas y motivos recurrentes. Presenta el género breve como elemento constitutivo -podría decirse- de toda la literatura vilamatiana, entendida como una obra infinita e interconectada, donde la intertextualidad y la hibridación se asientan con fuerza para armar una poética global. La evolución de su narrativa pasa por integrar la brevedad en toda su producción y, así, vemos cómo el relato, entendido de forma amplia, queda inserto, enmarañado, en la percepción nuclear de su escritura, elástica y, por tanto, libre. Así, las clasificaciones, al igual que las herramientas teóricas, la perspectiva histórica o las etiquetas poéticas en ocasiones resultan difíciles de asumir como válidas o indiscutibles, pues la literatura, y justamente eso es lo que pone de relieve y nos recuerda con constancia Vila-Matas, es un arte vivo, por mucho que nos guste aseverar fronteras y categorías fijas para imponer un orden en la realidad diligente. Su escritura evidencia las imprecisiones que cometemos al usarlas. Por ello, una vez advertidas las coordenadas históricas y teóricas, contemplaremos el universo vilamatiano, que pugna incesante por reescribirlas. Su afán queda materializado en situarse en un lugar intermedio, híbrido, que funciona como denuncia de los falsos límites, y esto es lo que, poco a poco, irá formando su estilo, junto a las otras voces, para articular toda una filosofía de la ficción. Las formas narrativas estudiadas demuestran que el escritor propone un paradigma nuevo, puesto que demanda, con su incesante interrogación sobre la literatura y el mundo, un cambio al no verse reconocido en los patrones existentes, junto a su encarecida propensión hacia una clase de pensamiento que, lejos de ser simple, está basado en la contradicción, la incertidumbre, las relaciones intertextuales o el juego infinito. Dentro de sus reflexiones sobre el arte y sobre su obra, a través de otros personajes o de él mismo, lo que hace es señalar las herramientas críticas y los conceptos preconcebidos para el análisis; y es esta deconstrucción la que representa el elemento fundamental para plantear ese otro modelo, que pasa por romper con la narratividad clásica, realista, psicologista, y la concepción de los géneros, en busca de una narrativa mestiza. Su obra se concentra, así, en un movimiento ininterrumpido para no fijarse a un lugar concreto, el cual le hace posible girar en torno a las grandes cuestiones de la filosofía y de la literatura moderna: el silencio, la escritura, la vida, el tiempo, el lenguaje, la realidad o la identidad; así como sus trasuntos teóricos, esto es, la clasificación de los géneros literarios, los límites de la ficción y la realidad o la literatura como ente autónomo. Por consiguiente, nunca hay emplazamientos definitorios, respuestas únicas. La evidencia que nos revela la literatura vilamatiana es que no existen certezas y, aun así, o justo por eso, la literatura es un terreno fértil. Por todo ello, cabría reconocer la importancia que dentro de la historia literaria adquiere la producción narrativa breve de Enrique Vila-Matas.This PhD Dissertation focuses on analysing the short narrative of the Barcelona author Enrique Vila-Matas (1948) by featuring his complete works, characters and topics. This essay presents the short narrative of Enrique Vila-Matas as a constituent element -one could say- of his entire literature work, understood as a finite and interconnected work, where intertextuality and hybridization are powerfully used to engender a global poetics. The evolution of the narrative of Enrique Vila-Matas incorporates brevity in its whole production; hence we can see how the story, from a broad perspective, inserts itself in this perception of his elastic, and thus free, writing. Therefore, basically, it is difficult to adopt categories, theoretical tools, historic perspective or poetical labels as a valid formula. Because literature, and this is what actually Vila-Matas constantly reminds us, is a living art form, no matter how hard we tend to define borders and uniformed categories to impose some kind of order in a diligent reality. His writing underlines all the inaccuracies when using static labels. Consequently, once all the historical and theoretical foundations have been established we shall contemplate the universe of Vila-Matas, always struggling to rewrite these so-called foundations. The aim of Enrique Vila-Matas's narrative is to belong to some sort of, hybrid, middle ground which can act as a complaint for vague limitations. And in fact this is what, little by little, shapes his style, combined with other voices, to build up a complete fictional philosophy. The studied narratives forms prove a new paradigm suggested by the writer. This new paradigm is seeking, through his questioning of literature and the world itself, a shift; since it is not similar to any existing pattern and, far from being simple, it is made out of contradicting thoughts, uncertainty, intertextual relationships or a finite game. Amongst his individual premeditations about art and his own work, through the eyes of his characters or his own, Vila-Matas points out to the critical tools and all the preconceived concepts for the analysis of literature. And this deconstruction is precisely the main element he uses to suggest his own model, colliding with it the classic, realistic and psychologistic narrative, as he does also with the conception of genre, continuously seeking for an heterodox narrative. The work of Enrique Vila-Matas focuses thus on this uninterrupted movement which does not stop in any specific place; so, it can concentrate on the big questions of philosophy and modern literature such as silence, writing, life, time, language, reality or identity. Furthermore, his narrative questions other great theoretical aspects as important as the representation of the literature genres, the limits between fiction and reality and literature itself as an independent entity. Therefore, there is never an absolute definition or a unique answer in his writing. The evidence reveals that there are no certainties in the literature of Vila-Matas and at the same time, literature by itself, becomes a fertile ground. To sum up, we should appreciate the importance of the short narrative of Enrique Vila-Matas within the history of literature
La heterodoxia de las formas narrativas breves en Enrique Vila-Matas
No full textLa presente tesis doctoral se centra en el análisis de la narrativa breve del autor barcelonés Enrique Vila-Matas (1948), poniéndola en relación con el conjunto de su obra, sus personajes, temas y motivos recurrentes. Presenta el género breve como elemento constitutivo –podría decirse– de toda la literatura vilamatiana, entendida como una obra infinita e interconectada, donde la intertextualidad y la hibridación se asientan con fuerza para armar una poética global.
La evolución de su narrativa pasa por integrar la brevedad en toda su producción y, así, vemos cómo el relato, entendido de forma amplia, queda inserto, enmarañado, en la percepción nuclear de su escritura, elástica y, por tanto, libre. Así, las clasificaciones, al igual que las herramientas teóricas, la perspectiva histórica o las etiquetas poéticas en ocasiones resultan difíciles de asumir como válidas o indiscutibles, pues la literatura, y justamente eso es lo que pone de relieve y nos recuerda con constancia Vila-Matas, es un arte vivo, por mucho que nos guste aseverar fronteras y categorías fijas para imponer un orden en la realidad diligente. Su escritura evidencia las imprecisiones que cometemos al usarlas. Por ello, una vez advertidas las coordenadas históricas y teóricas, contemplaremos el universo vilamatiano, que pugna incesante por reescribirlas. Su afán queda materializado en situarse en un lugar intermedio, híbrido, que funciona como denuncia de los falsos límites, y esto es lo que, poco a poco, irá formando su estilo, junto a las otras voces, para articular toda una filosofía de la ficción.
Las formas narrativas estudiadas demuestran que el escritor propone un paradigma nuevo, puesto que demanda, con su incesante interrogación sobre la literatura y el mundo, un cambio al no verse reconocido en los patrones existentes, junto a su encarecida propensión hacia una clase de pensamiento que, lejos de ser simple, está basado en la contradicción, la incertidumbre, las relaciones intertextuales o el juego infinito. Dentro de sus reflexiones sobre el arte y sobre su obra, a través de otros personajes o de él mismo, lo que hace es señalar las herramientas críticas y los conceptos preconcebidos para el análisis; y es esta deconstrucción la que representa el elemento fundamental para plantear ese otro modelo, que pasa por romper con la narratividad clásica, realista, psicologista, y la concepción de los géneros, en busca de una narrativa mestiza. Su obra se concentra, así, en un movimiento ininterrumpido para no fijarse a un lugar concreto, el cual le hace posible girar en torno a las grandes cuestiones de la filosofía y de la literatura moderna: el silencio, la escritura, la vida, el tiempo, el lenguaje, la realidad o la identidad; así como sus trasuntos teóricos, esto es, la clasificación de los géneros literarios, los límites de la ficción y la realidad o la literatura como ente autónomo. Por consiguiente, nunca hay emplazamientos definitorios, respuestas únicas. La evidencia que nos revela la literatura vilamatiana es que no existen certezas y, aun así, o justo por eso, la literatura es un terreno fértil. Por todo ello, cabría reconocer la importancia que dentro de la historia literaria adquiere la producción narrativa breve de Enrique Vila-Matas.This PhD Dissertation focuses on analysing the short narrative of the Barcelona author Enrique Vila-Matas (1948) by featuring his complete works, characters and topics. This essay presents the short narrative of Enrique Vila-Matas as a constituent element -one could say- of his entire literature work, understood as a finite and interconnected work, where intertextuality and hybridization are powerfully used to engender a global poetics.
The evolution of the narrative of Enrique Vila-Matas incorporates brevity in its whole production; hence we can see how the story, from a broad perspective, inserts itself in this perception of his elastic, and thus free, writing. Therefore, basically, it is difficult to adopt categories, theoretical tools, historic perspective or poetical labels as a valid formula. Because literature, and this is what actually Vila-Matas constantly reminds us, is a living art form, no matter how hard we tend to define borders and uniformed categories to impose some kind of order in a diligent reality. His writing underlines all the inaccuracies when using static labels. Consequently, once all the historical and theoretical foundations have been established we shall contemplate the universe of Vila-Matas, always struggling to rewrite these so-called foundations. The aim of Enrique Vila-Matas’s narrative is to belong to some sort of, hybrid, middle ground which can act as a complaint for vague limitations. And in fact this is what, little by little, shapes his style, combined with other voices, to build up a complete fictional philosophy.
The studied narratives forms prove a new paradigm suggested by the writer. This new paradigm is seeking, through his questioning of literature and the world itself, a shift; since it is not similar to any existing pattern and, far from being simple, it is made out of contradicting thoughts, uncertainty, intertextual relationships or a finite game. Amongst his individual premeditations about art and his own work, through the eyes of his characters or his own, Vila-Matas points out to the critical tools and all the preconceived concepts for the analysis of literature. And this deconstruction is precisely the main element he uses to suggest his own model, colliding with it the classic, realistic and psychologistic narrative, as he does also with the conception of genre, continuously seeking for an heterodox narrative.
The work of Enrique Vila-Matas focuses thus on this uninterrupted movement which does not stop in any specific place; so, it can concentrate on the big questions of philosophy and modern literature such as silence, writing, life, time, language, reality or identity. Furthermore, his narrative questions other great theoretical aspects as important as the representation of the literature genres, the limits between fiction and reality and literature itself as an independent entity. Therefore, there is never an absolute definition or a unique answer in his writing. The evidence reveals that there are no certainties in the literature of Vila-Matas and at the same time, literature by itself, becomes a fertile ground.
To sum up, we should appreciate the importance of the short narrative of Enrique Vila-Matas within the history of literature
Obstrucción intestinal y hernia interna tras by-pass gástrico laparoscópico
No full textThe postoperative intestinal obstruction syndrome is a known complication of bariatric surgery and has different etiologies: bridles, volvulus, stenosis or internal hernias. We present the clinical case of a 61-year-old patient who underwent gastric bypass retrocolic ringed and laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to obesity who suffers internal hernia through a mesenteric orifice with irreversible intestinal ischemia, which requires disassembly of the bypass with intestinal resection, including a food loop and foot. of the loop, partial gastrectomy and urgent splenectomy. We proceed to reconstruction of the transit with gastro-gastric end-lateral and latero-lateral jejunojejunal anastomosis. In patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery, it is important to consider intestinal obstruction due to internal hernia as a serious, relatively frequent and potentially fatal complication.El síndrome de obstrucción intestinal postoperatoria es una complicación conocida de la cirugía bariátrica y tiene diferentes etiologías: bridas, vólvulos, estenosis o hernias internas. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 61 años intervenida de bypass gástrico retro cólico anillado y colecistectomía laparoscópicos por obesidad que sufre hernia interna a través de orificio mesentérico con isquemia intestinal irreversible que obliga a desmontaje del bypass con resección intestinal, incluyendo asa alimentaria y pie de asa, gastrectomía parcial y esplenectomía urgente. Se procede a reconstrucción del tránsito con anastomosis gastro-gástrica T-L y yeyunoyeyunal L-L. En pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica es importante tener en cuenta la obstrucción intestinal por hernia interna como complicación grave, relativamente frecuente y potencialmente mortal
Variation in Pleiotropic Hub Gene Expression Is Associated with Interspecific Differences in Head Shape and Eye Size in Drosophila
No full text© The Author(s) 2021.Revealing the mechanisms underlying the breathtaking morphological diversity observed in nature is a major challenge in Biology. It has been established that recurrent mutations in hotspot genes cause the repeated evolution of morphological traits, such as body pigmentation or the gain and loss of structures. To date, however, it remains elusive whether hotspot genes contribute to natural variation in the size and shape of organs. As natural variation in head morphology is pervasive in Drosophila, we studied the molecular and developmental basis of differences in compound eye size and head shape in two closely related Drosophila species. We show differences in the progression of retinal differentiation between species and we applied comparative transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data to identify the GATA transcription factor Pannier (Pnr) as central factor associated with these differences. Although the genetic manipulation of Pnr affected multiple aspects of dorsal head development, the effect of natural variation is restricted to a subset of the phenotypic space. We present data suggesting that this developmental constraint is caused by the coevolution of expression of pnr and its cofactor u-shaped (ush). We propose that natural variation in expression or function of highly connected developmental regulators with pleiotropic functions is a major driver for morphological evolution and we discuss implications on gene regulatory network evolution. In comparison to previous findings, our data strongly suggest that evolutionary hotspots are not the only contributors to the repeated evolution of eye size and head shape in Drosophila.We are grateful for financial support for the ATACseq data as well as for critical comments on an earlier version of this manuscript to Alistair P. McGregor. Stocks obtained from the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (National Institute of Health [NIH] P40OD018537) were used in this study. Many thanks to the Deep-Sequencing Core Facility of the Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG) for next generation sequencing. We are grateful for many fruitful discussions and feedback from members of the Department of Developmental Biology and Posnien Lab members. Also, many thanks to the three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped to improve the manuscript considerably. N.P. and E.B. are funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG, Grant No. PO 1648/3-1 to N.P.). F.C. acknowledges funding through grants BFU2015-66040-P, PGC2018-093704-B-I00, and MDM-2016-0687 from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of the Göttingen University
Evandro Affonso Ferreira: vidas desengraçadas e o arquivo debilitado
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-graduação em LiteraturaEsta dissertação investiga procedimentos da escritura de Evandro Affonso Ferreira, autor brasileiro contemporâneo com cinco livros publicados até o momento. Estes procedimentos são estudados a partir de como suas personagens se movem. O trabalho se divide em duas partes: a primeira é um jogo entre uma galeria (possível e falhada) de estúpidos e suas "vidas infames", acerca da experiência e da existência precárias dessas personagens. O jogo se dá num contágio com as artes visuais (Marcelo Coutinho, Elida Tessler e León Ferrari) e com alguns outros textos ficcionais de autores como Gusmán, Kafka, Melville, Walser etc. A segunda é como o autor trabalha com seus textos, seus livros e o léxico que usa - as palavras sonoras -, como se tudo isso formasse um só livro, livre numa biblioteca de babel da língua, da imaginação, da memória, da literatura. O livro como objeto que compõe a trajetória de um autor-leitor, a sua coleção babélica. Para isso faço uso de teóricos como Agamben, Benjamin, Blanchot, Derrida, Deleuze, Foucault entre outros. This dissertation investigates writing procedures by Evandro Affonso Ferreira, a contemporary Brazilian author with five books published so far. These procedures are studied according to the movement of the characters. The work is divided in two parts: the first one is a game for a galery (possible and failed) of stupids and its "infamous lives" regarding the precarious experience and existence of these characters. The game happens in an involvement with the visual arts (Marcelo Coutinho, Elida Tessler and León Ferrari) and with some other fictional texts from authors like Gusmán, Kafka, Melville, Walser etc. The second one is how the author works with his texts, books and the lexicon he uses - the sonorous words -, as all this would form a single (an unique) book, free in a Babel library of the language, of the imagination, of the memory, of the literature. The book as an object that compounds the trajectory of an author-reader, his Babelic collection. For this I use the theories of Agamben, Benjamin, Blanchot, Derrida, Deleuze, Foucault and others
Vir-a-ser da sensibilidade: ensaio sobre a dimensão estética da formação humana mediada pela literatura
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2014.Este estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa teórica, que se sustenta no materialismo histórico dialético e na perspectiva da ontologia crítica como método e concepção de mundo, respectivamente. De modo geral, seu objetivo consiste em reunir fundamentos teóricos que subsidiem uma análise ontológica crítica sobre a dimensão da sensibilidade na formação humana em relação com a literatura. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as ideias estéticas de Marx, ainda que não consolidadas em uma teoria estética sistemática, constituem uma dimensão fundamental de seu pensamento revolucionário. Ademais, as inúmeras referências à literatura nas obras de Marx, longe de serem meros adornos eruditos, sinalizam para a relevância das manifestações de cunho artístico na composição de uma compreensão própria de mundo e nos incitam a pensar, sobretudo, em como as referências literárias podem alimentar, movimentar, isto é, mediar a elaboração conceitual em diversas áreas do conhecimento. O caráter disperso e a publicação tardia de grande parte da produção de Marx e Engels sobre estética e literatura, contudo, são alguns dos fatores que contribuíram para o surgimento de posições diversas em relação à estética ao longo do desenvolvimento do marxismo. Dentre esse conjunto de posicionamentos, destaca-se certa tendência, verificada principalmente nos primeiros marxistas, mas também em autores mais atuais, a diminuir a importância da teorização acerca da estética e da arte ou encarar estes elementos de maneira estreita. Ciente de que o modo como a discussão estética se desenvolveu no marxismo traz a tona desdobramentos para o campo da formação humana nessa perspectiva, afirma-se a necessidade de manter o tema da dimensão da sensibilidade na formação humana aberto a análises nas mais diversas frentes que o trato com a estética possibilita. Foi escolhido, pois, percorrer o referido objeto focalizando a sua relação com o âmbito específico da literatura, tendo em vista a vitalidade que essa manifestação estética alcança nas produções de Marx, Engels e Lukács. Considerando, pois, a formação estética como um complexo particular, entende-se que esta adquire maior concretude na medida em que é explorada como um campo de mediações entre complexos universais e singulares que compõem a investigação, como a estética, a arte e a literatura. Esse modo de olhar para o objeto em questão possibilita captar importantes nexos, determinações recíprocas e contradições atinentes à formação estética e, consequentemente, reconhecer as necessidades sociais e os campos de alternativas postas para ação humana criadora nesse âmbito.Abstract : This study is itself characterized as a theoretical research, which is supported on both dialectical materialism and the perspective of the critical ontology as, respectively, method and point of view. On a general basis, its objective consists on gathering theoretical grounds that support a critical ontologic analysis on the dimension of the sensibility in human formation towards literature. By knowing that Marx's aesthetical ideas, yet unconsolidated into a systematical aesthetical theory, constitute a fundamental dimension of his revolutionary thought. Moreover, the numerous references to literature in the works of this author, far from being mere sophisticated ornaments, signpost the relevancy of the artistic manifestations on the composal of an independent comprehension of the world, and that incites one to think on how the literary references can feed, move, that is, how they can mediate the conceptual elaboration in many of the knowledgement areas. The disperse character and late publication of great part of Marx and Engels' production on aesthetics and literature, however, are some of the factors that contributed to the appearance of diverse positions towards aesthetics during the development of marxism. Among this group of positions, one can detach a certain tendency, verified mainly among the first marxists but also present in more current authors, to diminish the importance of the theorization over art and aesthetics or even to face these elements on a narrow way. Knowing that the way the aesthetic discussion was developed in marxism brings forward consequences to the field of human formation on that perspective, one can affirm the necessity of keeping the theme of the dimension of sensibility in human formation open to analysis in the most diverse fronts that the dealing with aesthetics can provide. One has chosen, therefore, to travel around the referred object by focusing its relation with the specific scope of literature, by knowing the vitality that this manifestation reaches in Marx, Engels and Lukács' productions. Considering, then, the aesthetic formation as a particular complex, one understands that it acquires a bigger concreted as long as it is explored as a field of mediations between universal and singular complexes that compound the investigation, such as aesthetics, art and literature. This way of looking to the referred object makes one capture important senses, reciprocal determinations and implied contradictions to the aesthetical formation and, consequently, to recognize the social needs and the fields of alternatives given to the creator human action within this scope
Migración de funduplicatura gástrica con perforación intratorácica
No full textThe laparoscopic antireflux surgery is considered the gold standard for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia. The postoperative results show a low associated morbidity and mortality and good satisfaction in the medium long term.
We present the clinical case of a 53-year-old patient who underwent Nissen-Rossetti laparoscopic fundoplication who, on the twelfth postoperative day, presented with mediastinitis associated with sepsis due to intrathoracic perforation of the gastric fundoplication migrated to the chest. The patient was operated on urgently, performing thoracic drainage, supra-umbilical median laparotomy and primary closure of the perforation. The postoperative period is characterized by a 23-day stay in the intensive care unit and by necrotizing pneumonia, lung abscesses, and left pleural empyema. Ten years after the episode, the patient is asymptomatic and has no signs of clinical recurrence.
Although the incidence of early complications in antireflux surgery is relatively low, it is mandatory to suspect them in a patient with sepsis due to mediastinitis and recent surgery. In front of extremely serious situations, it is necessary to intervene urgently, although the surgical re-exploration of the hiatus is considered a complex surgery with a high risk of iatrogenesis.La cirugía antirreflujo mediante abordaje laparoscópico se considera el gold estándar para el tratamiento de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico y de la hernia de hiato. Los resultados postoperatorios presentan una morbimortalidad asociada baja y una buena satisfacción en el medio largo plazo.
Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente de 53 años intervenido de funduplicatura laparoscópica tipo Nissen-Rossetti que en el duodécimo día postoperatorio presenta clínica de mediastinitis asociada a sepsis por perforación intratorácica de la funduplicatura gástrica migrada a tórax. El paciente es intervenido de forma urgente, realizándose drenaje torácico, laparotomía media supra-umbilical y cierre primaria de la perforación. El postoperatorio se caracteriza por una estancia de 23 días en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y por neumonía necrotizante, abscesos pulmonares y empiema pleural izquierdo. A 10 años del episodio, el paciente se encuentra asintomático y sin signos de recidiva clínica.
Aunque la incidencia de las complicaciones tempranas en la cirugía antirreflujo es relativamente baja, es obligatorio sospechar de ellas en un paciente con sepsis por mediastinitis y cirugía reciente. Antes situaciones de extrema gravedad es necesario intervenir de forma urgente aunque la re-exploración quirúrgica del hiato es considerada una cirugía compleja y de elevado riesgo de iatrogenia
Sendo Escritor
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunição e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, Florianópolis, 2011A tese levanta questões sobre a experiência da escrita para além do caráter institucionalizado da autoria conforme definida pela função autor. Através da análise de "falas de si" de escritores e de aspirantes a escritor, busca debater a constituição do sujeito escritor: aquele sujeito que se constitui a partir de sua própria escrita, assumindo (ou não) diferentes posições em relação às instituições de escrita. Esta possível constituição do sujeito escritor é analisada através de passagens efetuadas por escritores no decorrer de suas experiências com a escrita: o escritor iniciante (passando de não-escritor a escritor), o escritor em consagração (passando de escritor a autor) e o escritor ao final de sua escrita, que desiste de escrever (passando de escritor/autor a não-escritor). Através de depoimentos autobiográficos, o escritor vai além de suas ficções narradas, e testemunha seu aparecimento enquanto sujeito escritor, sempre em constante mudança, transformação e criação de si mesmo. Num movimento de subjetivação de si, como formula Marguerite Duras, escreve para saber o que escreveria se escrevesse. Com isso, torna-se outro a partir daquilo que escreve, pela crença num sujeito escritor que transforma sua própria vida em existência estética, em um modo de vida.This dissertation brings up questions about the experience of writing, beyond the institutional character of authorship provided by the Author Function. By analyzing #speeches of the self# by writers and aspiring writers, it proposes a debate on the constitution of the writing subject: a subject that constitutes itself from its own writing, taking on (or not) different positions regarding writing institutions. The study of this possible constitution of the writing subject focuses on three changes made by writers during their writing experiences, corresponding to: (1) the beginner (changing from non-writer to writer), (2) the writer to be acclaimed (changing from writer to author), and (3) the writer at the end of his/her writing activity, the one who gives up writing (changing from writer/author to non-writer). Through autobiographical texts, a writer goes beyond his/her narrated fictions, and testifies his/her appearance as a writing subject, in permanent change, always transforming and creating him/herself. In a movement of subjectivation of the self, he/she writes in order to know what he/she would write if he/she wrote (as Marguerite Duras would say). Thus, the writer becomes another one by writing what he/she writes, by the faith in a writing subject the transforms his/her own life in an aesthetic existence, in a way of life
Um Estudo comparado das relações ambientais de mulheres da floresta do Vale do Guaporé (Brasil) e do Mayombe (Angola) - 1980 - 2010
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em HistóriaEste estudo objetiva discutir como as mulheres negras da floresta do vale do Guaporé/Rondônia, na Amazônia brasileira, e do Mayombe, na Província de Cabinda, Angola, se relacionam com o meio ambiente constituindo modos de vidas específicos e formas de poder a partir de seus conhecimentos ancestrais. Tanto os modos de vida como tudo mais que decorre entende-se serem constituídos historicamente nas suas culturas. O período de estudo abrange de 1980 a 2010. A análise foi centrada nos dois lados do oceano Atlântico considerando perspectivas da história comparada, estabelecendo conexões entre contextos em ambientes de florestas tropicais, procurando perceber as similitudes, as diferenças, as permanências e as mudanças nas práticas socioculturais destes povos, considerando que as populações negras que habitam o vale do Guaporé sejam provenientes de Angola ou de outros lugares da África Central. Procura-se discutir as relações de gênero presentes nas práticas culturais de mulheres e homens que habitam as florestas tropicais na utilização dos recursos naturais. O trabalho de campo foi realizado nas comunidades quilombolas do vale do Guaporé e nas aldeias do Mayombe, ocasião em que se participou de suas práticas cotidianas e fizeram-se várias entrevistas com mulheres e homens, pois este estudo privilegia as fontes orais, construindo um texto dialógico com as falas e interpretações das pessoas entrevistadas, a interpretação da autora e de vários estudiosos que trabalham esta temática. O principal traço comum entre a população do Guaporé e do Mayombe é o extrativismo, aliado à agricultura de subsistência. No Guaporé as mulheres são consideradas como "ajudantes" dos homens e no Mayombe elas são as principais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento desta atividade agrícola e pela alimentação da família.This study intends to discuss how black women from Vale do Guapore Forest, Rondônia, in Brazilian Amazon, and women from Mayombe, in Cabinda Province, Angola, relate to the environment, establishing specific ways of life and forms of power through their ancestral knowledge. The ways of lives as well as everything else which follows it are understood to be constituted historically in their cultures. The period of study extends from 1980 to 2010. The analysis was centred on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean considering comparative history perspectives, establishing connections amongst rainforest environment contexts, aiming to perceive similarities, differences, permanencies and changes in these people´s sociocultural practices, considering that black population who inhabit Vale do Guapore are from Angola or from other sites in Central Africa. This paper aims to discuss gender relations present in women´s and men´s cultural practices who inhabit rainforests for the use of natural resources. Field research took place in quilombola communities in vale do Guapore and in Mayombe villages, occasion in which there was participation in their daily practices and several interviews were made with women and men, because this study privileges oral sources, constructing a text based on dialogues containing reports and interpretations from the interviewed people, the interpretation from the author and from researches who study this subject. The main common feature between Guapore population and that of Mayombe is extractive activities associated with subsistence farming. In Guapore women are considered as men´s "help" and in Mayombe they are the main responsible for the development of farming activity and for providing the family
