14,531 research outputs found
The current state and potential of alternative sources of electricity in Yemen
No full textThis study explores the current state and potential of alternative sources of electricity in Yemen, highlighting the benefits, challenges, and potential solutions for harnessing renewable energy
Role of SH levels and markers of immune response in the stroke
No full textBackground. Sulfhydryl groups (SH) are considered a key factor in redox sensitive reaction of plasma, and their modification could be considered an expression of abnormal generation of oxygen free radicals.
Methods. Fifty consecutive patients with acute brain stroke were enclosed in this study. The plasma concentrations of SH groups were correlated to cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), plasma chitotriosidase (Chit), metalloprotease (MMP2–9), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Results. The results demonstrated a significant reduction of SH groups within 24 hours from the onset of an acute ischemic stroke, a reduction of plasma IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-8, and an increase of Chit and TNF-α in relation to the stroke severity.
Conclusion. The observation of an intense microenvironment activation that follows the stroke and the correlation between SH levels and markers of immune response suggest that, especially in stroke, is necessary to maintain the redox function to prevent the brain damage. The reduced SH levels represent an attempt to neutralize the abnormal generation of free radicals. Since the reperfusion of brain after ischemic event represents a severe oxidative stress, which must be corrected by regeneration of redox sensitive function, pharmacological intervention could be beneficial in this setting
Pemikiran Sadr Al-D?n Al-Sh?r?z? tentang wujud
No full text?adr al-D?n al-Sh?r?z? (1572-1640) atau Mull? ?adr?, seorang ahli falsafah Muslim terkemudian yang berasal dari Parsi. Beliau dikatakan sebagai perintis kepada suatu pemikiran baharu dalam falsafah Islam selepas berlalunya pemikiran ahli-ahli falsafah Muslim terdahulu seperti Ibn S?n? dan Ibn Rushd. Pemikiran beliau semakin banyak dikaji oleh pengkaji falsafah Islam sejak beberapa dekad yang lalu. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pemikiran ?adr al-D?n al-Sh?r?z?, khususnya berkenaan konsepsi beliau mengenai wujud. Makalah ini mengumpul dokumen berkaitan pemikiran ?adr al-D?n al-Sh?r?z? berasaskan kaedah kajian dokumen, seterusnya menganalisisnya berasaskan kaedah analisis teks. Hasilnya, makalah ini mendapati bahawa ?adr al-D?n al-Sh?r?z? memperkenalkan prinsip keasalan wujud atau a??lath al-wuj?d dalam sistem falsafahnya. Prinsip ini berbeza daripada pemikiran ahli falsafah sebelumnya iaitu Suhraward? yang menekankan prinsip keasalan zat atau a??lah al-m?hiyyah. Pemikiran ?adr al-D?n al-Sh?r?z? tentang wujud memberi kesan kepada jauhar manusia iaitu jiwa melalui prinsip pergerakan jauhar atau al-?arakat al-jawhariyyah. Prinsip-prinsip ini membuka tafsiran baharu dalam falsafah Islam khususnya mengenai kedinamikan penciptaan setiap yang wujud
Taqi al-D?n Subk?'s fatwa methodology
No full textBu çalışma, 683-756/1284-1355 yılları arasında yaşamış Şâfiî fakihi Takıyyüddin Sübkî’nin fetvalarını konu edinmektedir. Fetvaları, Fetâvâ’s-Sübkî isimli eser üzerinden incelenmiş, genel özellikleri ve cevap verirken takip ettiği yöntemler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamız giriş, sonuç ve üç temel bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde, Sübkî’nin hayatı ve yaşadığı dönem işlenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, Fetâvâ’sı tanıtılmış ve fetvalarının fıkhî birikim ve sosyal tarih açısından önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Son bölümde kullandığı deliller, el altı kitapları, cevaplarında benimsediği üslup ve yaptığı atıflar üzerinden Sübkî’nin fetva usulü izaha çalışılmıştır.In this thesis, fatwas of Taq? al-d?n al-Subk? who was an authorized Sh?fi‘? faq?h and lived between the years of 683-756/1284-1355 will be discussed in detail. His fatwas are examined from the work Fat?w?’s-Subk? which is the basis and main resource of this study while analyzing. General characteristics of these fatwas and the manners used by Subk? while issuing fatw? will be covered within this study. The dissertation will be divided into three parts except introduction and conclusion. In the first chapter, general features of the period Subk? lived in and the biographical information will be provided. After that, within the second chapter, his fatwas will be introduced through the questions and answers and the reasons making these fatwas having such significance in terms of fiqh literature and social history. In the last chapter, his fatw? methodology will be explained at length over the sources and reference books he benefitted from, common usages determined in his fatwas and referrals in his answers
A Structured Hardware/Software Architecture for Embedded Sensor Nodes
No full textOwing to the limited requirement for sensor processing in early networked sensor nodes, embedded software was generally built around the communication stack. Modern sensor nodes have evolved to contain significant on-board functionality in addition to communications, including sensor processing, energy management, actuation and locationing. The embedded software for this functionality, however, is often implemented in the application layer of the communications stack, resulting in an unstructured, top-heavy and complex stack. In this paper, we propose an embedded system architecture to formally specify multiple interfaces on a sensor node. This architecture differs from existing solutions by providing a sensor node with multiple stacks (each stack implements a separate node function), all linked by a shared application layer. This establishes a structured platform for the formal design, specification and implementation of modern sensor and wireless sensor nodes. We describe a practical prototype of an intelligent sensing, energy-aware, sensor node that has been developed using this architecture, implementing stacks for communications, sensing and energy management. The structure and operation of the intelligent sensing and energy management stacks are described in detail. The proposed architecture promotes structured and modular design, allowing for efficient code reuse and being suitable for future generations of sensor nodes featuring interchangeable components
Galleria mellonella (L.) (Pyralidae) und Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Noctuidae): Wirkungsunterschiede zwischen XenTari® (Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai), NeemAzal T/S® und ihren Kombinationen
No full textBoth, G. mellonella and S. exigua, are most important pests in tropical countries. G. mellonella has five to six generations per year (Abid et al. 1997; Ali 1996), there, and feeding in bee combs they find, besides wax, residues of honey, insect skin and pollen (Hachiro & Knox 2000). Li et al. (1987) have shown the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai against G. mellonella. It is registered in the EU as Mellonex for its control, but NeemAzal T/S may also be active, and will have some advantages (Leymann et al. 2000, Melathopoulos et al. 2000). Therefore we conducted new studies here, on the results we shall report. S. exigua is an important polyphagous pest of crops in tropical areas (Brown & Dewhurst 1975). By repeated control with synthetic insecticides, especially by illiterate farmers (Armes et al. 1992; Aggarwal et al. 2006a) resistance to a lot of those insecticides has been built up, making plant protection very difficult. Therefore the need is pronounced for microbial and botanical pesticides (Nagarkatti 1982; Rao et al. 1990), which have different modes of action than synthetic insecticides. Aggarwal et al. (2006b) have started to test such ingredients, but the time of observation was too short (3 days), since the effects of Neem products occur later than those of synthetic insecticides (Basedow et al. 2002). So we conducted new, longer lasting experiments (with 5 to 30 days), on which we give a report here. The experiments were conducted during guest stays of the three co-authors (from Mymensingh, Bangladesh, from Nazreth, Ethiopia, and from Khartoum, Sudan) at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology at Giessen Univerity.Im Labor wurden die Larven mit trockenem Futter versorgt, das vorher für 20 Sek. in die Testlösung getaucht war. Die Testlösungen, auch in der Kontrolle, wurden mit dem anionischen Detergens Triton X 100 versetzt (10%, davon 0.1 ml). XenTari wurde mit 0.5, 1 und 2 mg/l getestet, NeemAzal mit 2, 4 und 8 mg/l. Bei G. mellonella war die höchste korrigierte Mortalität bei XenTari nach 4 Wochen 77%, bei NeemAzal T/S 100%. So wird letzteres empfohlen. Bei Spodoptera exigua im zweiten Larvenstadium bewirkte XenTari nach 3 Wochen eine maximale Wirkung von 95.6%, während NeemAzal T/S bereits nach 7 Tagen 100% erreichte. Im vierten Larvenstadium erreichte NeemAzal TS eine Mortalität von 46%. Wurden aber beide Präparate bei halber Dosis nacheinander appliziert, war die Wirkung nach 5 Tagen 73% (XenTari zuerst) bzw. 98.8% (NeemAzal T/S zuerst). Letztere Kombination wird für den Bauwollanbau in den Tropen empfohlen, um durch deren Zwischenschaltung die Resistenzbildung gegenüber synthetischen Insektiziden zu vermindern
Optimising the medical management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes in the Middle East: pivotal role of metformin.
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Redox-sensitivity and site-specificity of S- and N- denitrosation in proteins
No full textBackground
S-nitrosation – the formation of S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) at cysteine residues in proteins – is a posttranslational modification involved in signal transduction and nitric oxide (NO) transport. Recent studies would also suggest the formation of N-nitrosamines (RNNOs) in proteins in vivo, although their biological significance remains obscure. In this study, we characterized a redox-based mechanism by which N-nitroso-tryptophan residues in proteins may be denitrosated.
Methodology/Principal Findings
The denitrosation of N-acetyl-nitroso Trp (NANT) by glutathione (GSH) required molecular oxygen and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Transnitrosation to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was observed only in the absence of oxygen or presence of SOD. Protein denitrosation by GSH was studied using a set of mutant recombinant human serum albumin (HSA). Trp-214 and Cys-37 were the only two residues nitrosated by NO under aerobic conditions. Nitroso-Trp-214 in HSA was insensitive to denitrosation by GSH or ascorbate while denitrosation at Cys-37 was evident in the presence of GSH but not ascorbate. GSH-dependent denitrosation of Trp-214 was restored in a peptide fragment of helix II containing Trp-214. Finally, incubation of cell lysates with NANT revealed a pattern of protein nitrosation distinct from that observed with GSNO.
Conclusions
We propose that the denitrosation of nitrosated Trp by GSH occurs through homolytic cleavage of nitroso Trp to NO and a Trp aminyl radical, driven by the formation of superoxide derived from the oxidation of GSH to GSSG. Overall, the accessibility of Trp residues to redox-active biomolecules determines the stability of protein-associated nitroso species such that in the case of HSA, N-nitroso-Trp-214 is insensitive to denitrosation by low-molecular-weight antioxidants. Moreover, RNNOs can generate free NO and transfer their NO moiety in an oxygen-dependent fashion, albeit site-specificities appear to differ markedly from that of RSNOs
Nature and death in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī, and certain English Romantic poets : a comparative study
No full textThe first part of this thesis, divided into two
chapters, deals with the early background of European
Romanticism; the reasons behind its appearance and
problems of definition. There follows a discussion on
the question of the originality of Arabic Romanticism,
with ,a brief review of the roots and main literary groups
of this movement in Arabic poetry.
Part two examines the influence of English poetry
and thought on three Arab Romantic poets: Nāzik Sādiq
al-Malā'ika, Abū al-Qāsim al-Shābbī and
Abd aI-Rahmān Shukrī.
This is discussed parallel with the channels of
this influence.
The main focus of this research is however, to show
the ways in which al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī perceived and reflected nature and death in their poetry.
Their attitudes towards certain phenomena in nature
such as the countryside, night, the sea, childhood and
moral and social lessons of nature are compared with
certain attitudes of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats and
Shelley.
Themes such as life and death, fear of death,
fatalism, immortality and death as a welcome experience
are also the concern of this thesis, with a comparison of
these themes in the poetry of the Arab and English
Romantic poets.
However, owing to the popularity of Keats and
Shelley with the three Arab Romantic poets, this thesis
concentrates on their poetry.
This research has selected only certain phenomena
and themes from nature--and death because of the dominance
of these subjects in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī. The translations of Arabic poetry in this thesis are
intended to convey the general sense of the source texts,
rather than to give a precise rendering of these texts
into English
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