44 research outputs found
Dialect Variation and Change in Eastern Arabia: Al-Ahsa Dialect
No full textThe present study is a sociolinguistic investigation of the Al-Ahsa urban dialect (AU) in eastern Arabia, a dialect that belongs to the Najdi type of dialects. The focus of this investigation is on the dialect spoken in the urban centres of Al-Ahsa (Hofuf and Mubarraz). Two salient vocalic features of AU dialect are examined against internal (linguistic) constraints and 3 external (social) factors. Data are collected through sociolinguistic interviews with 36 native speakers, distributed over two age groups and with almost equal representation from both genders. Beside age and gender, variation in the use of these features is also measured in relation to the speakers’ socio-sectarian affiliation. The data are analysed within the framework of the quantitative variationist paradigm using Rbrul.
The first linguistic variable is rounding/unrounding of (ɑ:) in word medial position, of which unrounding is the innovative feature. The second variable is imala (vowel raising) in the
feminine ending in the unbound state, of which lowering is the innovative variant. Data analysis shows that the traditional rounding of (ɑ:), as well as, vowel raising in the feminine ending are undergoing change in the speech of Al-Ahsa people, and that there is a tendency to unround the vowel regarding the former variable, and to lower the short vowel in the latter in their speech. However, the rate of linguistic change in the first variable is noticeably higher than in the second one. The linguistic variable (a:) is associated with socio-sectarian identity and so this adds pressure to the force of change on that variable as compared to the feminine ending (-a) which has no direct sectarian association. Overall, Al-Ahsa dialect is levelling out of the local features and replacing them with features found in the supra-local variety in the central region of Saudi Arabia. This change is found to be influenced by the social factors of ‘age’, ‘gender’, and ‘socio-sectarian affiliation’.
The method of interpreting the results of the present study focuses on local issues that include the social composition of the community under investigation, community social practices, role of genders, social meaning of the linguistic choice
Dialect contact and change in the Arabic feminine ending morpheme
No full textThe unbound feminine ending for nouns and adjectives in Arabic has two main forms: an a-type vowel and an e-type vowel. We examine processes of language change vis-à-vis this morphophonemic variable in four dialects, two in the Levant and two in the Arabian Peninsula. We show that somewhat similar processes occur across these dialects, but also that each individual dialect exhibits its own rate of change and that in each dialect the change is at a different stage in its development. Juxtaposing these four case studies together enables us to formulate generalizations regarding variation and change in Arabic, as well as standardization and koinéization, without resorting to over-generalizations. When we attempt to generalize about variation and change in Arabic dialects, we must do so on the basis of this kind of data. We caution against making generalizations that are too broad, of the type “Arabic vernaculars are changing in such-and-such a direction.” Rather, different dialect clusters exhibit different trajectories, which we can only discern upon examining specific features in individual dialects, as we have done here. In the spirit of Eckert (1989, 2000), we aim to theorize about variation and change at a higher analytical node, where we examine community-specific scenarios of interaction between social factors, which may be shared by some groups of dialects but not others
Modeling the Flash Flood and Infiltration in Desert Regions: The Azraq Basin, Jordan
No full textThis research is aim to investigate holistic management of floodwaters in Jordan to better understand how this natural hazard can instead be viewed as a valuable natural resource. The groundwater resources in the study area are depleted by the domestic usage and irrigation uses. The limited amount of the groundwater in the area is attributed to the limited natural recharge through the wadi bed during the occurrence of floods. HEC-HMS model were used in order to estimate the surface runoff. A groundwater model for the study area was used to evaluate the effect of flood water on groundwater recharge using the existing volcanic cave. The result shows that Beer Al-Hamam cave with a volume of 20,000 m 3 , when used to stor flood water and recharge it for groundwater . the groundwater table will rise (localy) in the range of 0.2 to .5 m per year.Shawaqfah Moayyad S., Alqdah Ibtihal T. Modeling the Flash Flood and Infiltration in Desert Regions: The Azraq Basin, Jordan. In: SimHydro 2014. New Trends in Simulation. 11-13 June 2014 Ecole Polytech’ Nice (France) 2014
The Chronology of the Revelation of the Verses of Surah Al-Baqarah
No full textالأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث للوصول إلى تحديد دقيق أو تقريبي لتاريخ نزول آيات سورة البقرة، لما في معرفة ذلك من إعانة للمتدبر والباحث في معرفة تاريخ نزول الآيات القرآنية، وتحليل السياق التاريخي لنزول آيات السورة من خلال دراسة الأحداث التي رافقت نزول سورة البقرة في المدينة.
المنهجية: تقوم منهجية البحث على استقراء آيات سورة البقرة، وتتبع نزول السورة التي استغرق وقت نزولها العهد المدنيِّ كاملاً، ومن ثم تحليل الروايات الواردة في أسباب نزول الآيات، ثم المقارنة بين الروايات وأقوال المفسرين في تحديد وقت نزول آيات سورة البقرة.
النتائج: الوصول إلى أوقات تقريبية لتاريخ نزول آيات السورة، بما يعين على إجراء دراسات مماثلة لها، وتبيَّن من خلال البحث إمكان ذلك لآيات عديدة، وتقسيم نزول الآيات على سنوات العهد المدني.
الخلاصة: ضرورة استكمال تتبع ترتيب نزول الآيات، لما فيه من إعانة للمتدبرين والباحثين في التفسير الموضوعي وفي علم نزول القرآن الكريم.Objectives: This study aims to establish an accurate or approximate timeline for the revelation of the verses of Surah Al-Baqarah, as such knowledge assists both the contemplator and the researcher in understanding the chronology of Qur’anic revelation. It also seeks to analyze the historical context of the surah’s revelation by examining the events that accompanied its descent in Madinah.
Methods: The research induces and traces the verses of Surah Al-Baqarah and their revelation over the entire Madinan era; examines the narrations related to the causes of revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl); and compares differences among narrations and interpretations provided by classical exegetes regarding the timing of the verses’ revelation.
Results: The study provides approximate dates for the revelation of several verses, facilitating future studies of similar nature. It demonstrates the feasibility of determining chronological groupings of the verses and distributes their revelation across the years of the Madinan period.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of continuing efforts to trace the chronological order of Qur'anic verses, as this contributes significantly to thematic exegesis and enhances the field of Qur’anic revelation studies
Self-sealing concrete mortar, concrete mortar mixed with super absorbent polymer
No full textResearchers tried almost every conceivable material to be mixed in concrete to alter some of its properties. In this research superabsorbent polymer is used as an admixture to improve its water tightness properties especially in concrete tanks, aeration basins, and retaining structures. The concrete tries to seal the leak by blocking the water path by semi-solid gels. This gel is the product of the interaction of the superabsorbent polymer with water. Several samples have been prepared to study the effect of the superabsorbent polymer on the concrete strength, and on the concrete capability to block the water flow. Concrete cubes, concrete beams, and concrete tension samples were prepared to study the concrete strength of concrete mixed with superabsorbent polymer. Also concrete short cylindrical samples were prepared to study the concrete ability to block the water flow. These cylindrical samples were intentionally broken into two approximately equal pieces to create an induced crack. The artificially cracked samples are then subjected to water pressure to study the concrete ability to stop the water flow though the induced concrete crack. Two kinds of water pressure are used in this research; the constant head, and the falling head
How Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Supports the Culture of Change: Jordan Phosphate Mines Company (JPMC)
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the relation between the Appling of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System and culture of change in Jordan Phosphate Mines Company (JPMC). Correlation analysis and regression analysis was conducted. The application of this study was limited to employees in the (JPMC) in 2012, and the results of this study on the implications of validity and reliability of the tools in the study used. The results support the hypothesis that the Appling of the ERP System has a positive impact on (JPMC) culture of change. The results extend the understanding of the role of ERP in creating culture of change and building sustainable advantages for (JPMC) in rising economies, where unlike technological advancements may bring diverse implications for valuation of culture of change. Key words: Culture of change; ERP; Jordan; JPM
Corporate Criminal Liability Under The Criminal Laws of Jordan and Australia: A Comparative Analysis
No full textIn Jordan, the current theory of corporate criminal accountability focuses upon the individuals who make-up an organization. However, this legal approach, known as the identification doctrine, based on individual fault assigning has its limitations. Corporations are not just individuals nor can they be reduced to their constituent human agents; rather their formation, structure, activities, policies and whole existence mark them as independent entities in their own right. The present paper provides a comparative analysis of corporate criminal liability in Jordan (a civil law jurisdiction) versus that in Australia (a common law jurisdiction). It highlights some of the key developments in the realm of the grounds upon which liability is based whereby “organizational rather than individual liability is considered. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, it provides a theoretical comparative account of the problems surrounding corporate liability along with an analysis of the various bases of such liability. The second part of the paper takes a more active approach to corporate liability. It uses the notion of corporate culture to argue for the extension of the theory of committing an offence by an innocent or non-responsible agent so as to allow the inclusion of situations involving crimes committed by a non-autonomous employee under economic duress when these offences are proven to have been caused by corporate negligent manipulation of the workforce. This is crucial if the radical disparities and real autonomy of freedom of choice available across contemporary capitalistic societies are to be taken into account. For effective assignment of liability or accountability, this paper proposes basing direct corporate criminal liability on an “organizational” one; it also presents models of penal damages that maybe imposed in certain corporate crime
