33 research outputs found
Heteroconger hassi Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1959
No full textHeteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959) ‰RAaª Xarifania hassi Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959: 138, figs. 6, 8, 15, 16 (type locality: Addu Atoll, between Gan Island and Fedu Island, Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean). Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959): Shao et al., 2008: 239. Remarks. This species is commonly found in colonies with up to several hundred individuals, on sandy bottom near coral reef areas around Taiwan.Published as part of Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Mccosker, John E., Hibino, Yusuke, Loh, Kar-Hoe, Tighe, Kenneth A. & Shao, Kwang-Tsao, 2015, Annotated checklist of eels (orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes) from Taiwan, pp. 140-189 in Zootaxa 4060 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/24365
Human colon-derived soluble factors modulate gut microbiota composition.
No full textThe commensal microbiota modulates immunological and metabolic aspects of the intestinal mucosa contributing to development of human gut diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. The host/microbiota interaction often referred to as a crosstalk, mainly focuses on the effect of the microbiota on the host neglecting effects that the host could elicit on the commensals. Colonic microenvironments from three human healthy controls (obtained from the proximal and distal colon, both in resting conditions and after immune - IL-15- and microbiota - LPS-in vitro challenges) were used to condition a stable fecal population. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene-based analyses were performed to study the effect induced by the host on the microbiota composition and function. Non-supervised principal component analysis (PCA) showed that all microbiotas, which had been conditioned with colonic microenvironments clustered together in terms of relative microbial composition, suggesting that soluble factors were modulating a stable fecal population independently from the treatment or the origin. Our findings confirmed that the host intestinal microenvironment has the capacity to modulate the gut microbiota composition via yet unidentified soluble factors. These findings indicate that an appropriate understanding of the factors of the host mucosal microenvironment affecting microbiota composition and function could improve therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota composition
PTU-113 Hepcidin does not predict response to iron therapy in pre-operative anaemia in patients with colorectal cancer
No full textVariability in the Pre-Analytical Stages Influences Microbiome Laboratory Analyses
No full textIntroduction: There are numerous confounding variables in the pre-analytical steps in the analysis of gut microbial composition that affect data consistency and reproducibility. This study compared two DNA extraction methods from the same faecal samples to analyse differences in microbial composition. Methods: DNA was extracted from 20 faecal samples using either (A) chemical/enzymatic heat lysis (lysis buffer, proteinase K, 95 °C + 70 °C) or (B) mechanical and chemical/enzymatic heat lysis (bead-beating, lysis buffer, proteinase K, 65 °C). Gut microbiota was mapped through the 16S rRNA gene (V3−V9) using a set of pre-selected DNA probes targeting >300 bacteria on different taxonomic levels. Apart from the pre-analytical DNA extraction technique, all other parameters including microbial analysis remained the same. Bacterial abundance and deviations in the microbiome were compared between the two methods. Results: Significant variation in bacterial abundance was seen between the different DNA extraction techniques, with a higher yield of species noted in the combined mechanical and heat lysis technique (B). The five predominant bacteria seen in both (A) and (B) were Bacteroidota spp. and Prevotella spp. (p = NS), followed by Bacillota (p = 0.005), Lachhnospiraceae (p = 0.0001), Veillonella spp. (p < 0.0001) and Clostridioides (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: As microbial testing becomes more easily and commercially accessible, a unified international consensus for optimal sampling and DNA isolation procedures must be implemented for robustness and reproducibility of the results
Prognostic Value of the Tumour-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
No full textTight junctions in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer
No full textMethylglyoxal modulates immune responses: relevance to diabetes
No full textIncreased methylglyoxal (MG) concentrations and formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are major pathways of glycaemic damage in diabetes, leading to vascular and neuronal complications. Diabetes patients also suffer increased susceptibility to many common infections, the underlying causes of which remain elusive. We hypothesized that immune glycation damage may account for this increased susceptibility. We previously showed that the reaction mixture (RM) for MG glycation of peptide blocks up regulation of CD83 in myeloid cells and inhibits primary stimulation of T cells. Here, we continue to investigate immune glycation damage, assessing surface and intracellular cytokine protein expression by flow cytometry, T-cell proliferation using a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester assay, and mRNA levels by RT-PCR. We show that the immunomodulatory component of this RM was MG itself, with MG alone causing equivalent block of CD83 and loss of primary stimulation. Block of CD83 expression could be reversed by MG scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. Further, MG within RM inhibited stimulated production of interleukin (IL)-10 protein from myeloid cells plus interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha from T cells. Loss of IL-10 and IFN-gamma was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis of mRNA, while TNF-alpha message was raised. Loss of TNF-alpha protein was also shown by ELISA of culture supernatants. In addition, MG reduced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression on the surface of myeloid cells and increased their propensity to apoptose. We conclude that MG is a potent suppressor of myeloid and T-cell immune function and may be a major player in diabetes-associated susceptibility to infection
The prognostic significance and relationship with body composition of CCR7-positive cells in colorectal cancer
No full textBackground and Objectives
The host local immune response (LIR) to cancer is a determinant of cancer outcome. Regulation of this local response is largely achieved through chemokine synthesis from the tumor microenvironment such as C-Chemokine-Receptor-7 (CCR7). We examined the LIR measured as CCR7 expression, in colorectal cancers (CRC) and explored relationships with body composition (BC) and survival.
Methods
A study of paraffin-embedded tissue specimens was carried out in 116 patients with non-metastatic CRC. CCR7 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of computer tomography scans was used to calculate BC parameters. Survival analyses and multivariate regression models were used.
Results
High CCR7+ cell density within the tumor stroma and at the margin was significantly associated with increased age, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, higher tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, high Klintrup-Makinen immune score, and myosteatosis. High CCR7+ cell density in the tumor margin was significantly associated with shorter disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001). This was also significantly associated with shorter survival in multivariate analysis (HR = 8.87; 95%CI [2.51–31.3]; P < 0.01 for OS and HR = 4.72; 95%CI (1.24–12.9); P = 0.02 for DFS).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that a specific immune microenvironment may be associated with altered host's BC and tumor behavior, and that CCR7 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker
Low Muscularity and Myosteatosis Is Related to the Host Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer.
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