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Muraqabah as the Internalization of the Hawthorne Effect in Islamic Transpersonal Psychology: Muraqabah as the Internalization of the Hawthorne Effect in Islamic Transpersonal Psychology
No full textThis study aims to determine whether or not there is a connection between the Hawthorne effect, which describes the tendency of individuals to change their behavior when they feel that they are being monitored, and the Sufi concept of muraqabah, which describes the spiritual comprehension of being viewed by Allah. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not there is a connection between the two. On the other hand, contemporary psychology focuses an emphasis on outward observation as a behavioral stimulant, but Sufism encourages interior, divine awareness as a type of self-purification. Sufism is a faith that was developed in the Middle East. This study employs a qualitative hermeneutic and transdisciplinary method in order to provide an explanation for muraqabah, which is defined as the absorption and transcendence of the Hawthorne effect within the context of Islamic spirituality. Muraqabah appears to be a more credible and authentic method to the process of self-transformation, according to the findings of the study. The examination of society is not the basis for this method; rather, it is predicated on a continuous divine consciousness. Developing more comprehensive and spiritually grounded forms of Islamic psychotherapy is achievable via the merging of Sufi principles with Islamic transpersonal psychology. This opens up new options for the development of Islamic psychotherap
Riyadhah di makam wali: Studi pengalaman keagamaan para Salik di makam Shaikh Abdul Muhyi Pamijahan
Get PDFINDONESIA:
Pengalaman keagamaan adalah salah satu pembahasan yang menjadi titik temu anatara tasawuf dan psikologi. Khususnya jika berkaitan dengan pengalaman manusia bersua dengan Tuhan sebagai realitas adi kuasa dan yang menjadi prima causa yang menjadi tujuan dari semua makhluk termasuk manusia. Oleh karena itu, pengalaman ini disebut dengan extraordinary experience yang bersifat intuitive, inward dan immediate yang khas dan subjektif. Dalam dunia islam, khususnya tasawuf untuk mencapai hal tersebut dilakukan dengan cara riyadhah atau pelatihan spiritual untuk mempertajam dan membersihkan aspek-aspek batiniyah manusia.
Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan filosofis agar bisa mengarah langsung pada aspek spiritual yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan psikologi ala William james dan pendekatan pendekatan fenomenologi untuk lebih mempertahikan pada pengalaman setiap individu untuk menangkap makna utama dalam sebuah ungkapan dan peristiwa. Sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif karena berupaya menggambarkan data secara alami dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian literatur keislaman dan tasawuf menunjukkan bahwa doktrin riyadhah di makam wali tidaklah bertentangan dengan syariat islam, begitupun dengan praktek yang dilakukan tidaklah bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai islam. Sedangkan dalam hal pengalaman yang dirasakan oleh para salik terbukti adanya kesesuaian antara karakteristik pengalaman keagamaan yang dijabarkan oleh William James dengan pengalaman keagamaan menurut Al-Ghazali.
Dengan begitu berdasarkan penelitian ini diketahui bahwa riyadhah di makam wali merupakan sebuah kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan motivasi untuk mendapatkan pengalaman spiritual tertentu, dengan cara-cara khusus berdasarkan saran dan arahan yang didapat salik dari guru spiritual (mursyid) masing-masing.
ENGLISH:
Religious experience is one of the discussions that becomes a meeting point between Sufism and psychology. Especially if it is related to human experience with God as a superpower reality and which becomes prima causa which is the goal of all creatures including humans. Therefore, this experience is called extraordinary experience which is intuitive, inward and immediate, which is unique and subjective. In the Islamic world, especially Sufism to achieve this is done by means of riyadhah or spiritual training to sharpen and cleanse the inner aspects of humans.
This study uses a philosophical approach so that it can lead directly to the spiritual aspect combined with William James's psychological approach and a phenomenological approach to more maintaining the experience of each individual to capture the main meaning in an expression and event. While the research method used is a qualitative research method because it seeks to describe the data naturally by using descriptive analysis.
Based on the literature on Islamic and tasawuf research results, it shows that the riyadhah doctrine in the wali's grave is not against Islamic law, as well as the practice that is carried out is not against Islamic values. Meanwhile, in terms of the experience felt by the salik, it is evident that there is a correspondence between the characteristics of the religious experience described by William James and the religious experience according to Al-Ghazali.
Thus, based on this research, it is known that riyadhah in the wali's grave is an activity carried out with the motivation to gain certain spiritual experiences, in special ways based on the advice and directions that the salik gets from the respective spiritual teachers (murshid)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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