20 research outputs found
Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, FTIR characterisation and nutritional values of Passiflora Foetida methanol extract
No full textHysteria, asthma, and skin illnesses with inflammation are all treated by Passiflora foetida, a wild species of the Passifloraceae family. The purpose of this work is to determine the phytochemical contents, antioxidant capabilities, and FTIR analysis of Passiflora foetida crude methanol extract. Standard laboratory methods were used to conduct the phytochemical analysis. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract was measured using an UltraViolet-Visible Spectrophotometer at 517nm against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydroxyl (DPPH). In addition, an FTIR characterization study was performed. The sample, according to the phytochemical screening analysis, contains tannin, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. At 300µg/mL concentration, the highest antioxidant activity was recorded (73.36 percent), whereas, at 1000µg/mL concentration, the lowest activity (60.31 percent) was obtained. FTIR spectrum bands of 2852–2922 cm-1 -CH- group, 1507 – 1715 cm-1 band of C-C aromatic group, 1173 – 1362cm-1 band of C-O aromatic and ester groups are notable in the spectrum. The results of this study revealed that Passiflora foetida may be a promising plant to be exploited in drug discovery
15th Annual Chris Gray Memorial Lecture - When History Roars Back: the Animal Turn in African Historical Scholarship
No full textProfessor Saheed Aderlnto, Florida International University.Free Live Webinar
This lecture is about the emergence of scholarship on animal-human histroy in African studies. It focuses on theoretical and methodological issues that influence how scholars write animals into African history. Saheed Aderlnto is Professor of History and African and African Diaspora Studies at Florida International University. He is the author and editor of eight books, including Animality and Colonial Subjecthood in Africa: The Human and Nonhuman Creatures of Nigeria (Ohio University Press, 2022). Aderinto is a 2023 winner of the prestigious Dan David Prize for his work situating African history at the cutting edge of diverse literatures in the history of sexuality, nonhumans, and violence
GC-MS phytochemical profiling, FTIR analyses, and antimicrobial activities of the oily fraction from the ethyl acetate leaf extract of Pterocarpus osun
No full textThe Fabaceae family includes Pterocarpus osun as one of its flowering plant species. Nigeria, Ghana, and Cameroon are among the West African nations with tropical climates where this plant is native. It has found applications in traditional medicine, where it is used to treat several medical conditions, such as gastrointestinal issues and inflammation. This research aims to determine which compounds in the plant extract provide its medicinal properties. n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol were utilized sequentially to extract the leaves. Using column chromatography, a thick, oily, golden-yellow fraction was obtained from the ethyl acetate crude extract. To ascertain the chemical composition of the isolated viscous oily material, GC-MS and FTIR analyses were conducted. Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were used as test organisms in an antibacterial test. Numerous chemical components with biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-allergic, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, were identified from the isolate\u27s GC-MS studies. The recorded FTIR spectrum reveals the C-H bond present in alkanes (at 2921–2847 cm-1 and 1454–1379 cm-1), the C-O bond of carboxylic acids (1165–1032 cm-1), and the C=O bond in 1728–1709 cm-1. The observed zones of inhibition, especially at the maximum dose (10 mg/mL), demonstrated that the oily isolate was effective against the pathogenic organisms utilized, confirming its therapeutic efficacy in traditional medicine. Thus, the oily isolate from the P. osun leaf\u27s ethyl acetate extract can be studied for the development of novel pharmaceuticals
Nutrients, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Analysis of Pterocarpus osun Stem Bark and Leaf for Their Nutritional, Medicinal Capacity
No full textPlants play a crucial role in human well-being and health. They provide some of the essential nutrients that humans require as well as act as medications to alleviate and cure various health problems. The purpose of this study is to look into the nutritional value, mineral composition, and the overall contributions of Pterocarpus osun to human nutrition and health. The result of the proximate analysis showed that protein is 9.52% in stem bark and 13.63% in the leaf, while the crude fiber in the stem bark is 37.89% and 46.03%, in the leaf. Ash, 6.74% and 7.46% in the stem bark and leaf respectively while carbohydrate content is 15.37% (stem bark) and 3.26% (leaf). Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins were detected in both organs of the plant tested. The mineral elements present include Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mg, Zn, Cr, Co, Cd, Sulphur, and phosphorus. The antioxidant effect compared favorably well with that of the ascorbic acid used as standard. The extracts were screened for antimicrobial activities using eleven human pathogens. Each of the extracts successfully killed six microbes. 
Characterization and antibacterial activity of tannin from selected food and agricultural wastes
No full textTannins provide several advantages being as good biomaterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, pharmaceutical, biopesticide, and nutraceutical agents. This study aimed to characterize tannin from three (3) agrowastes (Corn cob, cocoa pod, and coco peat) and compare their antimicrobial activity with that of synthetic tannin. The wastes were air-dried and blended. The tannin content was estimated using UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method. FTIR analysis of the samples was also carried out. Antimicrobial activity of different extracts of samples tannin and synthetic tannin on four (4) pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella Typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pnuemonae) was determined. Results obtained revealed the tannin content of samples in the order: coco peat (5.500 mg/g) >cocoa pod (4.740 mg/g) >corn cob (3.212 mg/g). The FTIR analysis showed a broad band at 3285-3216 cm-1 for the three samples representing bonding –OH groups. The samples displayed peaks around 2928-2917cm-1 representing aliphatic chains, -CH2- and –CH3. The peak around 1616-1576 cm-1 corresponds to C-O vibrations. The peak around 1363-1256 cm-1 corresponds to C (O)-O stretching vibrations and –OH in plane vibrations. These peaks correspond to peak values obtained from synthetic tannic acid. The four organisms were susceptible to aqueous extracts of tannin from all samples except Bacillus subtilis which was not susceptible to cocoa pod tannin. Salmonella typhi was not susceptible to synthetic tannin at all concentrations. Results from this study indicate that some agrowastes may be utilised as a source of cheap, readily available tannin and may also serve as a more effective antibacterial agent
Sedimentological and geochemical study of the late Pennsylvanian cyclothems in the Anadarko Basin
No full textA detailed study of facies analysis, petrography, and geochemical analysis was conducted on a two hundred and twelve foot long core (Firefly) of the Late Pennsylvanian recovered from near the depocenter of the Anadarko basin. The core can be divided into three facies, which include the heterolithic siltstone and mudstone units, shale units, and sandstone units. Through facies analysis, the core can be divided into four cycles. The cycle all have shale units at the bottom and coarser grained units at the top. Carbon and oxygen isotopic values of carbonate observed in the Firefly core are lighter compared to isotopic values from brachiopods of the same time period reported in the literature (Grossman, 2008). A wide range of δ18O values and an equally wide range of δ13Ccarb values characterize the units from the Firefly core as a group. This relationship suggests that the carbonate cement have been influenced by diagenesis. To determine the diagenesis processes that influenced the Firefly core, petrographic and facies analysis along with isotopic analysis and depositional temperature would need to be observed.Embargo status: Restricted to TTU community only. To view, login with your eRaider (top right). Others may request the author grant access exception by clicking on the PDF link to the left
Inhibition of biofilm production by lactobacillus SPP from dental caries using Azadirachta indica
No full textBiofilm is a matrix formed by microorganisms due to the secretion of exopolymeric substances. Lactobacillus is a gram positive rod shape bacteria, it causes dental caries and has the ability of forming biofilms. Azadiratcha indica (neem plant) is a fast growing plants used in traditional medicines and has antimicrobial activities. This study aimed at the determination of inhibitory activities of Azadirachta indica on biofilm production by Lactobacillus spp. The phytochemical extraction was done using cold maceration method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Sub-MIC) were evaluated using micro broth dilution method. The biofilm and antibiofilm determination were done using the crystal violet assay. Results from the study showed that neem Leafs and stem contain tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and cardenoloids. Lactobacillus spp is a positive biofilm former (Moderate biofilm) with 0.201 mean optical density (OD) value at 620 nm. Sub-MIC for Leaf ethanolic extract (LAE), Leaf aqueous extract (LEE), Stem ethanolic extract (SAE), and stem aqueous extract (SEE) against Lactobacillus spp was at 0.78 mg/mL, 0.20 mg/mL, 0.78 mg/mL, and 0.39 mg/mL respectively. The LEE, SAE, and SEE inhibited biofilm production from moderate biofilm former at 0.201 to a weak biofilm former at 0.121, 0.140, and 0.093 mean OD value at 620nm respectively. A. indica inhibited biofilm production of Lactobacillus spp this might be due to phytochemical compounds present. Neem plants may be combined with antibiotics to improve effectiveness in treatment of dental caries and plaques
Discourse on the Characteristic of Tafsir Ruhu’l-Ma’ani
No full textA lot of works have been written on Tafsīr of the noble Qur’ān with their various characteristics that distinguish them from one another. Some focused on the use of traditions (Riwāyah) while some others focus on the use of acquired knowledge (Dirāyah) or opinion- based Tafsīr (Ra’y). This study focused on one of the most popular works on Tafsīr bir-Ra’y entitled Rūḥu’l-Ma’āni fi Tafsīri’l-Qur’āni’l-’Azīm was-Sab’i’l-Mathānī (The Insightful Meaning of the Exegesis of the glorious Qur’ān and the Seven Reoccurrence). The paper aimed at bringing out the hidden treasure of this encyclopedic work of Tafsīr to the English audience including its features and the sources of its information. The method adopted in this research is basically analytical and exegetical method. Findings revealed that Rūḥu’l-Ma’āni has some characteristics that stand it out among other works of Tafsīr such as logical connection between verses and chapters, grammatical analysis of verses and verification of hadīth among others. It was also revealed that the author relied on many books and scholars of different fields in his Tafsīr which makes the book a compendium of Tafsīr, and an inevitable reference material for contemporary Qur’ānic commentators. The paper concluded by recommending that the contemporary scholars and students of Tafsīr should create awareness on the significance of the tafsir book by using it in tafsir session and carrying out further research on it as well as making it an additional source of information while explaining the glorious Qur’ān
Discourse on the Characteristic of Tafsir Ruhu'l-Ma'ani
No full textA lot of works have been written on Tafsīr of the noble Qur'ān with their various characteristics that distinguish them from one another. Some focused on the use of traditions (Riwāyah) while some others focus on the use of acquired knowledge (Dirāyah) or opinion- based Tafsīr (Ra'y). This study focused on one of the most popular works on Tafsīr bir-Ra'y entitled Rūḥu'l-Ma'āni fi Tafsīri'l-Qur'āni'l-'Azīm was-Sab'i'l-Mathānī (The Insightful Meaning of the Exegesis of the glorious Qur'ān and the Seven Reoccurrence). The paper aimed at bringing out the hidden treasure of this encyclopedic work of Tafsīr to the English audience including its features and the sources of its information. The method adopted in this research is basically analytical and exegetical method. Findings revealed that Rūḥu'l-Ma'āni has some characteristics that stand it out among other works of Tafsīr such as logical connection between verses and chapters, grammatical analysis of verses and verification of hadīth among others. It was also revealed that the author relied on many books and scholars of different fields in his Tafsīr which makes the book a compendium of Tafsīr, and an inevitable reference material for contemporary Qur'ānic commentators. The paper concluded by recommending that the contemporary scholars and students of Tafsīr should create awareness on the significance of the tafsir book by using it in tafsir session and carrying out further research on it as well as making it an additional source of information while explaining the glorious Qur'ān
A Proposition of FIND-ME Model as a Viable Humanitarian Response Strategy in Sokoto
No full textFIND-ME model is an acronym to denote “Find, Intercept, Need Assessment, and Discharge – Monitoring and Evaluation” (FIND-ME Model). FIND-ME Model is a five-stage social intervention programme proposed by the author which local and iNGO unknowingly adopt or could adopt to deliver results effectively for vulnerable and marginalized children. This study gathered data through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The participants are the Program Officers of ten prominent NGOs in Sokoto who are working on Child Vulnerabilities. The author designed FGD guide to obtain relevant information from the participants on strategies of humanitarian response. 80%, 90%, 50%, 100% and 100% of the respondents respectively reinforced stage 1,2,3,4, and 5 of the model tested. The paper concludes that FIND-ME model could be explored and exploited by humanitarian organizations to deliver results to vulnerable and marginalized children in Sokoto State because it fulfils almost all the basic elements of Social Policy Theory. The model considers welfare, social services as the major activities that affected children in Sokoto State. Based on the result, FIND-ME is a step capable to be followed by caregivers to effectively address children vulnerabilities and marginalization in the state studied
