512 research outputs found
About our meetings with V.G. Petrenko
No full textThe meetings and collaboration of the author with untimely deceased V.G. Petrenko are discussed in the note
About our meetings with V.G. Petrenko
No full textThe meetings and collaboration of the author with untimely deceased V.G. Petrenko are discussed in the note
History of investigation and current classification of Coronaviruses (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae) [ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННАЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ КОРОНАВИРУСОВ (NIDOVIRALES: CORONAVIRIDAE)]
No full textAn epidemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) etiologically associated with the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) that occurred at the turn of 2019–2020 firstly in Wuhan (Hubei province of China) and then spread to many countries around the world rose a new wave of interest to coronaviruses. The first coronaviruses – members of the Coronaviridae family belonging to the order Nidovirales — were discovered in the first half of the last century. The first human coronavirus, HCoV-B814, was isolated in 1965 that was not preserved in available virological collections. Over the last time, old-fashioned names and terms have been overlapped. By the beginning of the XXI century coronaviruses posed a serious veterinary problem but it was believed that epidemic coronaviruses were not among highly dangerous viruses. Scientific community had to revise such views first in 2002 when SARS-CoV (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) was transferred to human population in the Southeast Asia from bats, and then in 2012 when natural foci of the MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) were found on the territory of the Arabian Peninsula. Due to an increased interest in coronaviruses, a large number of new Coronaviridae members was discovered in the first two decades of the XXI century, which required to revise its taxonomic structure several times. This review is aimed at outlining a history of investigating coronaviruses and their current classification that was shaped in early 2020 in accordance to the last recommendations of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. © 2020 Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute. All rights reserved
Gender-age distribution of patients with COVID-19 at different stages of epidemic in Moscow [гендерно-воЗраСтная хараКтериСтиКа пациентов С COVID-19 на раЗнЫх Этапах ЭпидеМии в МоСКве]
No full textThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic around the world and in Russia remains a major event of 2020. All over the world, research is being conducted to comprehensively study the patterns and manifestations of the epidemic process. The main quantitative characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics among the population, based on the data of official monitoring over the current situation, play an important role in the development of the epidemiological surveillance system. The aim of this study is to explore the peculiarities of age-gender distribution of COVID-19 patients in Moscow. Material and methods. The data related to the epidemiological characteristics of age-gender structure of COVID-19 patients in Moscow between March 19, 2020 and April 15, 2020, at different stages of the epidemic were retrospectively analyzed. Results and discussion. The mean age of COVID-19 patients in Moscow was 46,41±20,58 years. The gender ratio (male/female) among the patients was 52.7/47.3 %, wherein the indicators varied depending upon the age. Male/female ratio in the age group “under 39” stood at 53.7/46.3 %, and “over 40 years of age” – at 39.3/60.7 %. The predominant age range among male cases was 19 to 39 years old – 35.4 %, while among female patients – 40–59 years (36.5 %). The age distribution of patients in Moscow is indicative of the fact that COVID-19 is a disease that primarily affects older age groups. The age structure of all COVID-19 cases during the observation period is characterized by predominance of adult patients over 19 years of age – 92,7 % (92,6–92,8 %), the share of patients aged 40–59 years is 35,7% (35,5–35,9 %). The differences in the age distribution in males and females are as follows: in the male cohort, the age groups 19–39 years old and 40–59 years old prevail – 35.4 % (35.1–35.7 %) and 34.9 % (34.6–35.2 %), respectively. The age group 40–59 years old – 36.5 % (36.3–36.8%) dominates in the female cohort. © 2020 Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute. All rights reserved
Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic spread in a megacity [Закономерности эпидемического распространения SARS-CoV-2 в условиях мегаполиса]
No full textThe purpose of the study is to analyze patterns demonstrated by the COVID-19 epidemic process in a megacity during the increase, stabilization and reduction in the incidence, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the epidemic prevention measures. Materials and methods. The comprehensive study incorporating epidemiological, molecular-genetic and statistical research methods was conducted to analyze the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results and discussion. It was found that the exponential growth in COVID-19 cases was prevented due to the most stringent control and restrictive measures deployed in Moscow to break the chains of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and due to people who were very disciplined in complying with the self-isolation rules. The analysis of the dynamics in detection of new COVID-19 cases showed that in a megacity, the impact of social distancing and self-isolation would become apparent only after 3.5 incubation periods, where the maximum length of the period is 14 days. It was discovered that the detection frequency of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in relatively healthy population and its dynamics are important monitoring parameters, especially during the increase and stabilization in the COVID-19 incidence, and are instrumental in predicting the development of the epidemic situation within a range of 1-2 incubation periods (14-28 days). In Moscow, the case fatality rate was 1.73% over the observation period (6/3/2020-23/6/2020). Conclusion. The epidemiological analysis of the COVID-19 situation in Moscow showed certain patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 spread and helped evaluate the effectiveness of the epidemic prevention measures aimed at breaking the routes of transmission of the pathogen. © 2020 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved
Experimental poetics of “The adventures of the Electric Harlequin” by V.G. Shershenevich: the genre features
No full textThe article is devoted to the genre features in the insufficiently explored work "The Adventures of the Electric Harlequin" by imaginist V.G. Shershenevich. The author of the article identifies the signs of the commedia dell'arte, the tragic farce, the farcical action, the "drama for reading", the elements of poetry and drama. The author concludes syncretic nature of genre in this work
Analysis of human coronaviruses circulation
No full textIntroduction. The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged at the end of 2019 and caused a worldwide pandemic, triggered numerous questions about the epidemiology of the novel COVID-19 disease and about wellknown coronavirus infections, which used to be given little attention due to their mild symptoms. The purpose: The routine screening-based multiyear retrospective observational study of prevalence and circulation patterns of epidemic-prone human coronaviruses in Moscow. Material and methods. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect RNA of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in nasal and throat swabs from 16,511 patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI), aged 1 month to 95 years (children accounted for 58.3%) from January 2016 to March 2020, and swabs from 505 relatively healthy children in 2008, 2010 and 2011. Results. HCoVs were yearly found in 2.6 6.1% of the examined patients; the detection frequency was statistically higher in adults than in children, regardless of sex. At the height of the disease incidence in December 2019, HCoVs were detected in 13.7% of the examined, demonstrating a two-fold increase as compared to the multi-year average for that month. The statistical frequency of HCoV detection in ARI pediatric patients under 6 years was significantly higher than in their healthy peers (3.7 vs 0.7%, p = 0.008). Conclusion. HCoVs circulate annually, demonstrating a winter-spring seasonal activity pattern in the Moscow Region and reaching peak levels in December. Over the years of observation, the HCoV epidemic activity reached maximum levels in December 2019 February 2020 and decreased in March to the multi-year average. Amid a growing number of SARS-CoV-2 cases imported to Moscow in March 2020, the HCoV detection frequency dropped sharply, which can be explained by the competition between different coronaviruses and by the specificity of HCoV detection with the diagnostic test kit used in this study. © 2020 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Surgical Neurology International
Efficient pricing of barrier options with the variance-gamma model
No full textWe develop an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for pricing barrier options with the variance gamma model [fMAD98a]. After generalizing the double-gamma bridge sampling algorithm of [fAVR03a], we develop conditional bounds on the process paths and exploit these bounds toprice barrier options. The algorithm's efficiency stems from sampling the process paths up to a random resolution that is usually much coarser than the original path resolution. We obtain unbiased estimators, including the case of continuous-time monitoring of the barrier crossing. Our numerical examples show large efficiency gain relative to full-dimensional path sampling
Literary Portrait of V.G. Shershenevich in the Works of Barnaul Writers
No full textImaginist poet V.G. Shershenevich died and was buried in 1942 in Barnaul. The fact of the death and burial of the capital’s author in a provincial town has become a landmark event for regional self-identification, and initiated a particular thematic line in local history and fiction. For the first time the article reveals the image of V.G. Shershenevich, which was developed in the work of Barnaul writers. The analysis of poetic and prose texts shows how the reconstruction of the last days of the poet’s life fits him into the urban landscape, how the grave becomes a semantically productive element of the locus. The basic motifs that model the image of the writer are associated with the change of poles of the oppositions “center — periphery,” “glory — oblivion,” “friend — alien (foreign),” “genius – mediocrity,” “friendship — enmity” with S.A. Yesenin. Literary portrait of Shershenevich comes from the synthesis of the features of his poetics, aesthetic attitudes, life events and the realities of the city. Altai writers tend to project literary and historical facts related to the imagist onto their own work and destiny. There is a tendency to turn the poet into a genius loci
Teaching officials of Volynsky (Kremenetsky) Lyceum: V.G. Besser, A.I. Maevsky, F.I. Mekhovich
No full textАвтор вивчає життєвий шлях чиновників-педагогів Волинського лицею. Ообливість біографій у тому, що вони висвітлюють період життя досліджуваних діячів до 1832 р., коли навчальний заклад припинив своє існування.Автор изучает жизненный путь чиновников-педагогов Волынского лицея. Особенность биографий в том, что они освещают период жизни исследуемых деятелей до 1832 г., когда учебное заведение прекратило свое существование.This article is the first of all author’s series, dedicated to teaching officials of Volynsky Lyceum in the town of Kremenets. The service records dated 1832 found in the State Archive of Kharkovskaya Oblast, have been taken as a basis of the research work where the author studies the life journey of V.G. Besser, A.I. Maevsky, F.I. Mekhovich. What makes these biographies unique is that they feature CVs of aforesaid people before the year 1832. This year marked the dissolvent of Volynsky Liceum
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