1,720,964 research outputs found
Women presidents and prime ministers in post-transition democracies
No full textA large number of women have served as prime ministers and presidents such as President Rousseff in Brazil and Prime Minister Diogo in Mozambique in post-transition democracies since the 1990s, increasing women’s hopes for the adoption of more prowoman policies by the government. However, women leaders in post-transition democracies have been constrained by patriarchal traditions, economic problems, and weak political institutions. This book aims to reveal the cultural and institutional dynamics that influence women’s access to executive office and the challenges that women experience while governing in general, and while developing pro-woman policies in particular, in post-transition countries in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe
The expansion of compulsory education in Turkey: Local and world culture dynamics
No full textWOS: 000382224400007Drawing on world culture and local culture explanations of educational change, this article aims to understand the dynamics of educational reform in Turkey in 1997 that expanded compulsory primary education from five to eight years. To do so, speeches given by opponents and proponents of the reform in the Turkish parliament were analysed. Imam-Hatip schools, vocational secondary schools for educating religious functionaries, were central to the debate. In support of world culture explanations, both sides of the debate made references to Western educational models and universal values such as democracy and human rights to frame and legitimise their arguments. However, all these arguments were embedded in local cultural and political issues. This article therefore proposes that both world culture and local culture should be considered when analysing national policy changes since local actors can easily appropriate global developments to support their local cultural and political interests
Authoritarian neoliberalism and resistance in Turkey: Construction, consolidation, and contestation
No full textThis edited volume investigates the dynamics of authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey,the resistance strategies that different groups develop to challenge different dimensionsof authoritarian neoliberal policies as well as their limits and potentials. Building oneight case studies explored in the following chapters, Chapter 2 explainsfive mechan-isms used by the AKP governments to consolidate authoritarian neoliberalism: execu-tive centralization, autocratic legalism, cronyism, violence-fueled rentieraccumulation, and criminalization and stigmatization. The chapter then discussessix different ways in which authoritarian neoliberalism is contested by people:strikes, protests and demonstrations, petitions and network building, litigation, every-day struggles, and armed acts of contention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Local goverments and democratic participation in Turkey: An analysis based on municipalities’ Twitter posts
No full textSosyal medya, kullanıcılarına sunduğu anında iletişim ve karşılıklı etkileşim sayesinde günümüzde hayatın birçok alanında etkilidir. Demokrasinin önemli bir öğesi olan vatandaş katılımı da sosyal medyanın etik ettiği alanlardan birisidir. Yerel yönetimler ise demokrasiye ve vatandaşların katılımına daha mikro ölçekli bir alan sunan kurumlardır. Bu çalışmada, Cumhur İttifakı ve Millet İttifakı ilçe belediyelerinin Twitter hesapları analiz edilerek belediyelerin Twitter kullanım biçimleri, bu biçimlerin vatandaş katılımına etkisi ve vatandaşların hangi tür katılımlarının belediyelerce karşılık bulduğu incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Türkiye’nin 6 şehrindeki 38 ilçe belediyesinin 1 Eylül 2021 – 28 Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında Twitter hesaplarında paylaştıkları tweetler kategorize edilmiş, belediyelerin belirlenen kategorilerde ne kadar paylaşım yaptığı ve bu paylaşımlarda vatandaşların belediyelerle girdiği etkileşim mentionlar yoluyla incelenmiştir. Analizler, Millet İttifakı belediyelerinin vatandaş katılımını daha çok teşvik eden bir Twitter kullanımına sahip olduğunu, ancak genel olarak her iki ittifakın belediyelerinin Twitter kullanımlarının katılımcı yönlerinin gelişmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir.Social media is a powerful force in many areas. Citizen participation, an important element of democracy, is one of the areas where social media has an impact. Local governments provide a more micro-level space for democracy and citizen participation. In this study, the Twitter accounts of district municipalities belonging to the People's Alliance and the Nation Alliance were analyzed to explore the municipalities' Twitter usage patterns, the impact of these patterns on citizen participation, and the types of citizen participation that received a response from the municipalities. This was achieved by categorizing tweets shared by 38 district municipalities across six cities in Turkey between 1 September 2021 and 28 February 2022. The number of tweets by municipalities in the identified categories was examined, as well as the interactions between citizens and municipalities in these tweets via mentions. The analyses showed that the People’s Alliance municipalities use Twitter in a way that is more conducive to citizen participation, but overall, both Alliance municipalities need to improve the participatory aspects of their Twitter use
The ideological convergence of civil society organizations and newspapers in Turkey
No full textThis study investigates the extent to which newspapers are polarized in representing civil society organizations in Turkey. In examining the news in 15 printed newspapers and 2 online newspapers in 2017, we found that (1) 1499 associations and 499 foundations were mentioned but not equally distributed across the newspapers, (2) Turkish newspapers’ coverage of associations/foundations was affected by the type of association/foundation (religious/conservative vs. secular) and newspaper (pro-government vs. anti-government), (3) when news about an association/foundation appeared in pro-government newspapers, it did not appear in anti-government newspapers, and vice versa, and (4) secular associations/foundations were covered more often by anti-government newspapers than by pro-government newspapers. We therefore argue that in countries such as Turkey, where civil society organizations have historically been closely allied with state or political ideologies, newspapers’ political stances affect the media coverage of civil society organizations
Perceptions of democracy in Turkey: Gender, ethnic, and religious dynamics
Get PDFWOS: 000437199300001Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de farklı cinsiyet, etnik ve mezhep gruplarına mensup kişilerin, demokrasi ve demokratik devlet tanımları 60 adet yarı-yapılandırılmış yüz yüze görüşmeye dayanarak çalışılmıştır. Bu görüşmelerde, çeşitli etnik ve dini kimliklere ve sosyo-ekonomik gruplara ait bireylerle konuşulmuştur. Görüşmelerin analizi sonucunda, demokrasiyi tanımlarken, kadınların cinsiyet eşitliği üzerinde durduğu, Kürtlerin ve Alevilerin hak ve özgürlüklere, Sünni Türk erkeklerin ise ekonomik refaha odaklandıkları görülmüştür. Bu bulgulara dayanarak, devletle tartışmalı bir ilişki içerisinde olan kimlik gruplarının demokrasiyi hak ve özgürlükler açısından tanımlamaya, devletle bu şekilde bir ilişki içerisinde olmayan grupların ise demokrasiyi tanımlarken ekonomik konuları merkeze almaya daha eğilimli olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmada ayrıca katılımcıların demokratik devletten beklentileri de incelenmiştir. Görüşmelerin bu bölümünde de benzer sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Sünni Türk erkeklerin demokratik devletten beklentileri arasında eşitlik bulunduğu durumlarda bile, bu görüşmecilerin daha çok ekonomik eşitliğin belirli bir ölçüde sağlanmasını kastettikleri anlaşılmıştır. Bunun aksine, Sünni Türk kadınlar, Kürtler ve Aleviler, demokratik devletten beklentilerinin arasında farklı etnik ve dini gruplar arasında eşitliğin sağlanması olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Türkiye toplumunu oluşturan bu kimlik gruplarının demokrasiye ve demokratik devlete ilişkin tutumlarındaki bu önemli farklılıklar, Türkiye’de hem demokrasinin konsolide edilmesi hem de bu konudaki toplumsal ayrışmanın azaltılması yönündeki sorunlara işaret etmektedir.Utilizing 60 interviews, we examine how people belonging to different gender, ethnic, and sectarian groups in Turkey define democracy and the democratic state. An analysis of the interviews reveals that women emphasize gender equality, while Kurds and Alevis focus on rights and freedoms in their definitions of democracy. Male Sunni Turks, on the other hand, focus on economic welfare. On the basis of these results, we argue that identity groups that have a problematic relationship with the state are more likely to define democracy in terms of rights and freedoms, whereas those who do not have a problematic relationship with the state are more likely to consider economic issues as central to democracy. This research also examined people's expectations of a democratic state. When male Sunni Turks indicated that equality is among their expectations of a democratic state, they formulated it in terms of the state realizing economic equality. Female Sunni Turks, Kurds, and Alevis, on the other hand, emphasized the provision of equality among different ethnic and religious groups in their expectations of a democratic state. These important differences among identity groups in Turkey in terms of their attitudes toward democracy and the democratic state illustrate the problems involved in consolidating democracy as well as significant challenges in lessening social differentiation regarding this issue
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