249 research outputs found
Patterns of Autonomy and Control in Agencification of Pakistan: Perceptions of Agency Employees and Ministry Officials at the Federal Level
No full textWith the proliferation of agencies in the public sector in both developed and developing countries, arises the need to assess the underlying dynamics and challenges of managing such disaggregated organizations. This study investigates various dimensions and associated levels of autonomy and control in federal agencies of Pakistan as perceived by its key employees and parent ministry officials. It unveils the phenomenon of agencification in Pakistan, covering the history of the creation and governance of public agencies in the specific context local and assesses the extent to which generic theoretical explanations and contextual factors shape agency autonomy in Pakistan. The study contributes to the agency debate occurring at a global level across developed, developing and transitional economies, providing arguments for a context-specific design of government structures. The Sequential Explanatory Design was followed to collect the data in two phases, first through a survey questionnaire which was adapted from similar surveys conducted in several European COST-CRIPO member countries and subsequently by conducting 39 semi-structured in-depth interviews of two different respondent categories: agency senior management and ministry officials. The empirical results demonstrated that the creation of autonomous agencies does not guarantee complete autonomy or minimal government control since a close networking and informal connection between political agents (ministers) and administrators managing the public agencies have a compromising effect on its autonomy. Though, the data demonstrate a comparatively lower degree of political influence upon autonomous agencies than traditionally centralized entities. The local context has explanatory power in Pakistani public sector agencies. Based on the empirical evidence, I conclude that the process of agencification in Pakistan is influenced by the traditional system of performance management, hierarchical accountability, and a politicized environment since the parent ministry continues to hold on to its conventional role of control
Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Nanohybrids-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites
No full textOrganic–inorganic nanohybrids-based polymer nanocomposites are made up of two different components, and these hybrids attained great attention over last decades due to their diversified framework and fascinating features. These nanohybrids possess synergistic characteristics of both organic and inorganic substances. Different synthetic routes are used to synthesize these materials with enhanced morphology, tunable features, and fine nanostructures. This chapter focuses on various synthetic routes for fabrication of organic–inorganic-based nanopolymeric composites. Synthetic strategies and protocols of different routes have been described in details. We have also discussed the advantages and limitations of all synthetic methods in details.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Aerospace Manufacturing Technologie
Comparison of direct–indirect emissions of conventional and advanced technologies in European aviation
No full textThis research aims to investigate and compare new and existing technologies and their impact on overall emissions during climb, cruise, and descent (CCD). The data is obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the European Environmental Agency related to fuel flow rates, types of aircraft and engines, and emission factors. Based on the data obtained, the nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each aircraft are carefully analyzed to estimate accurately their impact on the environment. The developed fuel flow model considers various factors to estimate the fuel consumption of selected aircraft and provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental influence of each aircraft. The findings of the study reveal that in scope 1, traditional aircraft generate 27% higher emissions than biofuel-powered (100% blend with Jet-A1 fuel) aircraft, and this disparity increases to 31.4% when compared to hybrid electric aircraft. The analysis shows that electric aircraft emissions are 85.1% lower than conventional aircraft. Furthermore, it is estimated that in the majority of instances involving the chosen aircraft, the levels of NOx emissions are consistently greater in comparison to HC. Further, this study offers valuable insights to policymakers and regulators in their efforts to develop more effective emission regulations and incentives for the aviation industry, particularly concerning CCD emissions. It also provides a comparison of the top 10 European airports that are responsible for the highest emissions in Europe based on the data provided by OAG. In general, the results of this study possess the capacity to stimulate innovation and facilitate the advancement of environmentally friendly aircraft technology within Europe. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island
No full textabstract: Urban Heat Island (UHI) is considered as one of the major problems in the 21st century posed to human beings as a result of urbanization and industrialization of human civilization. The large amount of heat generated from urban structures, as they consume and re-radiate solar radiations, and from the anthropogenic heat sources are the main causes of UHI. The two heat sources increase the temperatures of an urban area as compared to its surroundings, which is known as Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII). The problem is even worse in cities or metropolises with large population and extensive economic activities. The estimated three billion people living in the urban areas in the world are directly exposed to the problem, which will be increased significantly in the near future. Due to the severity of the problem, vast research effort has been dedicated and a wide range of literature is available for the subject. The literature available in this area includes the latest research approaches, concepts, methodologies, latest investigation tools and mitigation measures. This study was carried out to review and summarize this research area through an investigation of the most important feature of UHI. It was concluded that the heat re-radiated by the urban structures plays the most important role which should be investigated in details to study urban heating especially the UHI. It was also concluded that the future research should be focused on design and planning parameters for reducing the effects of urban heat island and ultimately living in a better environment.Corresponding Author:
Ahmed Memon Rizwan
University of Hong Kong
[email protected]
Cross-Genre Author Profile Prediction Using Stylometry-Based Approach Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2016
No full textAbstract.Author profiling task aims to identify different traits of an author by analyzing his/her written text. This study presents a Stylometry-based approach for detection of author traits (gender and age) for cross-genre author profiles. In our proposed approach, we used different types of stylistic features including 7 lexical features, 16 syntactic features, 26 character-based features and 6 vocabulary richness (total 56 stylistic features). On the training corpus, the proposed approach obtained promising results with an accuracy of 0.787 for gender, 0.983 for age and 0.780 for both (jointly detecting age and gender). On the test corpus, proposed system gave an accuracy of 0.576 for gender, 0.371 for age and 0.256 for both
Biomass for renewable energy production in Pakistan: current state and prospects [Latest Articles]
No full textDoubly-Fed Induction Machine for use in Mini-Hydro Power Plants
No full textElectrical Power EngineeringElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Pressure Transient Analysis for Minifracs/DFIT and Waterflood Induced Fractures
No full textTo date no efforts were published to (numerically) compute the pressure transients following shut-in for a fracture that during pumping was propagating at an arbitrary, not necessarily constant velocity; and to use these computations to systematically understand the physics (type curves) of pressure decline after shut-in for both very rapidly growing and very slowly growing fractures during pumping; and to compare this with (existing or new) PTA analysis methods incorporating fracture closure. Paul van den Hoek came up with a new methodology to address the problem. The method enabled to handle the otherwise unaddressed problem of ‘fractured’ injector wells for both end of the fluid leak off spectrum and associated pressure transient analysis – i.e. for DFIT tests done for very low permeability reservoirs to Minifrac (MF) tests for medium to high permeability reservoirs, up until Injection Fall-off (IFO) tests done as part of waterfloods in low to high permeability reservoirs. An easy to use analytical model was formulated by generalization of IFO model developed for fractured waterflood injectors (high leak-off case). This work compares Van den Hoek method against ‘standard method’ which in our report is industry wide used well test program FEKETE for a number of hydraulic frac field cases. To identify each methods short comings and advantages. The identified advantages and disadvantages are highlighted and used as ready made reference for future work on the subject. To serve as easy-to-use overview of commonly used existing approaches of artificial/hydraulically fractured wells for both end of spectrum – (low leak off) Minifrac /DFIT and (high leak-off) Injection Fall Off tests, highlighting the physics involved, fundamental assumptions, and how they differ from each other subtly is covered. Brief summary of Paul's unified method was done. Fracture Compliance Method was shortly discussed for each data set. Lastly, a basic model was developed to identify permeability based on Lamei and Soliman's BCA model. Petroleum Engineering and Geo-science
Second order phase transition in thermodynamic geometry and holographic superconductivity in low-energy stringy black holes
No full textExploring Intentionality behind Code-switching in Literary Fiction: A Comparative Study of “Amarbail” and “The Holy Woman”
Get PDFCode-switching in literary texts has become a prominent area of research because it is a deliberate practice that is not only on a conscious level but also contains many hidden intentions and objectives on behalf of the writer. This study aims to investigate the intentionality and markedness behind the practice of code-switching in Amarbail (An Urdu novel) and The Holy Woman (An English Novel) Written by Umera Ahmad and Qaisra Shahraz, respectively. The study is productive as it not only examines but also compares the degree of intentionality behind the code choices in Urdu and English novels written by Pakistani writers. Purposely, a mixed method approach has been utilized where quantitative analysis is dominant, and data is divided into two categories: marked and unmarked code-switching. For qualitative analysis, handpicked non-random sampling was employed to select data. Whereas for quantitative analysis, the frequency of all four categories has been calculated to give authentic results, the frequency of marked and intersentential code choices is calculated manually; on the other hand, the frequency of unmarked and intrasentential code choices is calculated by employing the mathematical formula of average. Theoretically, the insights have been taken from Myers-Scotton's (1998) Markedness model and Sperber and Wilson's (1988) Relevance Theory. The study concludes that whenever the writer shifts to the other language from the embedded language, the message at once becomes intentional, which arouses the readers’ attention. The results also show that marked and intersentential code-switching is loaded with purposeful and deliberate messages. In contrast, unmarked code-switching signifies normative linguistic patterns of a community and is relatively less planned. It is hoped that bilingual writers and researchers will find the results of this analysis opportune and beneficial for further research in this aspect
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