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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Face of Hunger : A study of news reporting on the famine stricken Horn of Africa 2011
No full textSyftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka huruvida amerikanska och brittiska dagstidningars bevakning av svältkatastrofen på Afrikas horn 2011 utvecklades och förändrades från en månad innan och en månad efter att FN den 20 juli samma år förkunnade att området var drabbat av svält. Dessutom avses undersöka om rapporteringens fokus förändrades efter 20 juli för att sätta dagens rapportering i förhållande till tidigare rapportering av svältkatastrofer i Afrika, eftersom rapporteringen är avgörande för omvärldens respons. I denna uppsats ställs fyra forskningsfrågor; Hur förändrades rapporteringsfrekvensen efter 20 juli 2011 i förhållande till teorier om katastrofrapportering? Hur förhåller sig Storbritanniens och USA:s rapportering om positiva respektive negativa ämnen med tidigare bilder av Afrika och compassion fatigue?På vilket sätt skiljer sig rapporteringen åt innan och efter 20 juli 2011 i förhållande till katastrofrapportering? Hur ramas det egna landet in i artikeln, det vill säga vilken form av uppmärksamhet får landet artikeln publiceras i för sina insatser? Denna uppsats baseras på ett teoretiskt ramverk som innefattar inramning, nyheters rapportering av katastrofer, compassion fatigue (den gradvisa minskning av medkänsla hos en publik som blivit mättade av en viss typ av rapportering). Denna studie är en kombination av kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys där data har samlats in kvantitativt för att skapa kategorier för ramar samt för att kunna jämföra data mellan de båda länderna på ett konkret sätt. Därefter har resultaten analyserats kvalitativt. Rapporteringsfrekvensen för de båda länderna i de för studien utvalda 67 artiklarna steg efter 20 juli och således visade det sig att en katastrof ökar mediebevakningen i detta fall, vilket är i linje med teorierna om katastrofrapportering. Rapporteringen placerade sig tydligt på den negativa rapporteringsskalan, även detta i linje med teori om katastrofrapportering, men även i likhet med compassion fatigue och inramningsteori. Innehållet i artiklarna påverkades knappt, men för de amerikanska tidningarna blev innehållet mer positivt efter 20 juli. De brittiska tidningarna ökade sitt negativa innehåll efter 20 juli. Rapporteringen hade primärt inget större fokus på ländernas insatser på Afrikas horn, vilket inte stämmer överens med teorier om bilden av Afrika.The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not American and British newspapers coverage of the famine at the horn of Africa 2011 developed and changed from a month before to a month after the UN declared famine on July 20th the same year. It also studies if and how the focus has changed in contrast to prior coverage of African famines, since the coverage of events is key for the world-wide response. Questions asked in this paper is; To what extent did the frequency in coverage change after July 20th in correlation to theories of crisis reporting? How does both countries score on the positive/negative content scale in comparison with previous images of Africa and compassion fatigue? In what ways does the coverage differ prior to and after July20th in relation to crisis reporting? How is the reporting country framed in the articles, that is; what kind of attention does the country in question get for its actions? This paper is based on theoretical approaches of news framing, news coverage on crisis and catastrophes, compassion fatigue (the gradual lessening of compassion experienced by an audience that has gotten used to a certain way of reporting). This study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis where the data has been collected through quantitative methods in order to create categories for frames as well as making it possible to compare data between both countries in a concrete way. Thereafter the results has been analyzed qualitatively. The frequency in reporting amongst the 67 articles reviewed in this study increased after July 20th and that showed that a catastrophe will increase the coverage just as theories about crisis reporting predicted. The publishing in this study falls on the negative side of reporting, which is correct accordingly to theories on crisis reporting, but also to compassion fatigue and framing. The content barely changed, but for the American papers it became slightly more positive after July 20th. The British papers on the other hand increased their negative content. The outspoken primary focus on the countries ownportrayal were minimal, which is inconsistent with theories of African media portrayal
Conventional and Disruptive Protest Propensity : A Comparative Survey Study Across Europe
No full textCommunicating climate action : Combining action repertoires and linguistic repertoires in social movement message construction
No full textThe climate crisis is one of the largest global challenges that humanity has ever faced. Despite the scientific consensus on the threat, action is not occurring on the pace or level needed to stave off the consequences. As climate change is made up by complex and conjoined causes and effects, the issue is also riddled with communicative challenges which those calling for action need to tackle. Climate change communication research has, however, mainly focus on how traditional news media frame the climate change issue and overlooks climate activist and movement groups. This despite these actors being key for shifting public perceptions and public opinion. Although research on other communication actors exist, it is far from extensive and the research field overlooks the publics perceptions of the sender in relation to the construction of climate messages. Through survey data and an experiment, this doctoral thesis explores the public’s inclination towards different protest action repertoires and addresses the research gap in the climate movement message construction. Herein, the actions and words of three subgroups within the larger environmental movement is considered as one part of a larger message whole. The groups chosen action repertoires are viewed as part of the activists’ performed message and the linguistic communication styles created by lexical choices related to emotional appeals are part of the activists’ verbal/textual message. The results indicate that there is much to be gained from adhering to an alignment between lexical choices and action repertoires. Alignment may be key for understanding why some movement subgroups are successful in inspiring certain actions whilst others inspire other actions. Communication-action alignment is a way to approach the interconnectedness of actions and words for complex and abstract issues that require message recipients to construct consonant mental models to break potential cognitive dissonance.There is a common saying that actions speak louder than words, that what a person does is more telling than what they are saying. But it is also frequently pointed out that the pen is mightier than the sword. So, when to use the pen? And when to use the sword? This doctoral compilation thesis investigates the interconnectedness of words and actions in relation to social movement messages and climate change communication; what the pen and the sword can create if aligned. Together words and actions are part of a larger message whole. To explain this, the thesis introduces the theoretical concept of the Communicative Action Repertoire (CAR). Communications and actions that align with each other are seen by members of the public as coming from a more trustworthy and more knowledgeable source. In general, communication aligned with a conventional CAR will inspire communicative action on the part of recipients inclined to take action, while communication aligned with a disruptive CAR will inspire direct action. Thus, where message recipients must construct a cohesive mental model of an abstract and complex issue, like the climate crisis, CAR alignment provides a map for practitioners and scholars alike to analyse and structure cohesive messages that minimise potential cognitive dissonance
Kommunikation utan gränser : En kvantitativ studie om hur mobilitet och en kosmopolitisk självbild påverkar utlandssvenskars kommunikationsmönster med vänner.
No full textThe purpose of this study is to find out how Swedish voluntary migrants communicate with friends in three different groups: friends that resides in the same country as the respondent currently lives in, friends in Sweden, friends in other countries around the globe and whether or not individual mobility, demographic factors or a sense of global citizenship affect the chosen mean of communication. The reason behind the study is to introduce a previously unstudied area into the field of geographically based media studies and hopefully contribute to a deeper understanding of the role played by different means of communication in shaping the dynamics of global friendship. The theoretical approach in this study will be from three different outlooks, migration, polymedia (including the second-level digital divide) and cosmopolitanism. The study is based on data from the Institute for Society, Opinion and Media (SOM) and their survey questionnaire sent out to Swedish expatriates during fall 2014 / winter 2015, also known as Utlands-SOM. The total number of respondents are 2268. The study starts with basic frequencies to find out which media that are the most prominent, then binary logistic regressions have been made. The total number of dependent variables are 21 and these have then been analysed from seven independent variables; age, gender, education, travel patterns, years spent abroad, number of countries lived in and whether or not the respondent consider himself/herself being a cosmopolitan. This generates a total of seven tables (one for each media) with three models in each (contact with friends in current country of residency, contact with friends in Sweden and contact with friends in other parts of the world). Amongst Swedish expatriates, e-mail and Facebook are the two most popular media for keeping in touch with friends, regardless of the friends location. The most significant demographic variable is age. Usage of video call, text message, chat, Facebook and other social media tend to decrease with age. Every year spent abroad decreases the communication with friends in Sweden, but increases the communication in the current country of residency. The number of countries lived in have a positive effect on communication with friends in other parts of the world. Cosmopolitan self-identity is found to be most significant when communicating with friends in other parts of the world, and it also affects e-mail the most. Level of education, which in previous studies have been found closely linked to a cosmopolitan identity, is found to have no significant correlation. Arguably, this is explained by the other means of communications negative relationship with the variable.Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur svenskar som frivilligt emigrerat utomlands kommunicerar med vänner inom tre olika grupper: vänner som bor i samma land som respondenten för tillfället lever i, vänner i Sverige samt vänner bosatta i övriga länder världen över. Detta sätts i perspektiv med huruvida den individuella mobiliteten, demografiska faktorer eller en känsla av ett världsmedborgarskap påverkar det valda kommunikationsmedlet. Denna studie ämnar att introducera ett tidigare förbisett forskningsområde inom geografiskt baserade mediestudier och därigenom förhoppningsvis bidra till forskningsfältet genom en fördjupad förståelse om kommunikationsmediers roll för vänskapsdynamik på global skala. Det teoretiska ramverk som utgör studiens grund är tre stycken skilda delar, migration, polymedia (inklusive en andra gradens digital klyfta) och kosmopolitism. Denna studie bygger på data från Institutet för Samhälle, Opinion och Media (SOM), och deras undersökning ställd till utlandssvenskar (Utlands-SOM) från hösten 2014 / vintern 2015. Totalt antal respondenter är 2268. Först görs en enkel frekvenstabeller för att undersöka vilket/vilka de primära medierna är i varje grupp, därefter har binära logistiska regressioner körts. Det totala antalet beroende variabler som behandlas är 21. Dessa sätts i perspektiv med ålder, kön, utbildning, resemönster, antal år utomlands, antal boendeländer och om respondenten anser sig vara världsmedborgare eller ej. Detta genererar totalt sju tabeller (en för varje media), med tre modeller i varje (kontakt med vänner i nuvarande boendeland, kontakt med vänner i Sverige och kontakt med vänner i övriga världen). Utlandssvenskarnas favoritmedium för att hålla kontakten med vänner, oavsett var vännerna befinner sig, visade sig vara e-post och Facebook. Den mest signifikanta demografiska variabeln visade sig vara ålder. Användandet av videosamtal, SMS, chatt, Facebook och andra sociala medier visade sig minska med högre ålder. För varje år respondenterna spenderar utomlands minskar oddsen för kommunikationen med Sverige, men ökar i det nuvarande boendelandet. Antalet länder som respondenterna har bott i har en positiv inverkan på kommunikationen med vänner i övriga världen. Den kosmopolitiska identiteten är mest signifikant när det kommer till att kommunicera med vänner i övriga världen och den påverkar även e-post som medium allra mest positivt. Utbildningsnivå, vilket sedan tidigare studier funnits vara tätt länkat med en kosmopolitisk identitet, visade sig inte vara signifikant i denna undersökning. Detta kan förklaras genom de andra kommunikationsmediernas negativa förhållande med variabeln
Communicative Action Repertoire Alignment (CARA) : A theoretical model and methodological approach for evaluation of lexical-action alignment in social movements
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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