111,893 research outputs found
Pesca artesanal na Baía Norte de Florianópolis: capturas, esforço de pesca, problemática e possíveis soluções.
No full textTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.A Baía Norte de Florianópolis se localiza no litoral central do Estado de Santa Catarina (27° 23 ' - 27° 25S, 48° 33 ' - 48° 30'O) e se caracteriza como um ambiente estuarino de alta produtividade. É uma região utilizada por diversas espécies que se encontram em período reprodutivo e abriga espécies ameaçadas de extinção como a tartaruga Chelonia mydas e uma população residente de golfinhos da espécie Sotalia guianensis. Acompanhamos o trabalho de 8 pescadores, distribuídos em diferentes comunidades pesqueiras da ilha de Santa Catarina e do continente (Sambaqui, Saco Grande, Caieira e Fazenda da Armação), com o objetivo geral de analisar a pesca artesanal nessa região com ênfase nas capturas, esforço de pesca, problemática da atividade e possíveis soluções. Através de saídas embarcadas e entrevistas realizadas no período de junho de 2006 até junho de 2008, buscamos conhecer a estrutura organizacional das instituições envolvidas na pesca artesanal, as características sócioeconômicas e operacionais dos pescadores, o esforço pesqueiro aplicado à Baía Norte, sua produção pesqueira e o comportamento destes em relação a ocupação do espaço e otimização dos processos pesqueiros. A Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) foi utilizada para as análises da produção pesqueira. Através da teoria de forrageamento ótimo, buscamos identificar o comportamento e a percepção dos pescadores em relação às estratégias de pesca e sua otimização. Após consultas a diversas instituições governamentais e não governamentais, verificamos que o governo terceirizou serviços administrativos ligados a pesca e os custos foram repassados aos pescadores artesanais. Entrevistas com 43 pescadores mostraram que a idade média é de 41 anos (d.p.=12,67 anos) e estes começam a pescar com idades entre 7 e 12 anos. Possuem em média 1,53 filhos (d.p.=1,35 filhos) e renda variando entre 1 e 3 salários mínimos (média de R$522,49 e d.p.=226,89). Porém, a variação desta renda é grande e 65% dos pescadores analisados possuem outra fonte de renda. Identificamos junto a SEAP/PR 156 embarcações (Bateiras, Botes e Baleeiras) atuando na Baía Norte e cerca de 500 pescadores artesanais executando as artes de pesca de Cerco, Caceio, Fundeio e Arrasto. Nas 52 saídas realizadas, acompanhamos a captura de 4912Kg de pescado, onde para isso foram utilizados um total de 581306m2 de rede durante 628 horas. O Caceio foi a arte mais executada, 58,18% das pescarias, o Arrasto a arte que apresentou a maior CPUE (642,52g/m2/hora), o Cerco a arte com a maior média de captura (105,91kg e d.p.=470,61kg) e o Fundeio a arte de pesca que capturou as espécies não-alvo mais ameaçadas. Na composição do pescado estão 34 espécies de peixes, 3 de crustáceos e 1 de réptil, sendo as principais espécies capturadas Litopenaeus schimitii, Trichiurus lepturus, Micropogonias furnieri, Mugil platanus. e Menticirrhus americanus. Entre as espécies não alvo capturadas estão 5 indivíduos de Chelonia mydas. Através da análise comportamental dos pescadores e a aplicação do modelo de forrageamento ótimo, verificamos que existe um revezamento de artes de pesca e uma forte relação entre a distância dos pontos de pesca e o tempo gasto nos processos pesqueiros. Assim, verificamos que os pescadores da Baía Norte possuem Raphael B. M. Aggio X um comportamento funcional e estratégico em busca de maiores capturas e, conseqüentemente, maior retorno financeiro. A crise na qual o setor pesqueiro mundial se encontra aumenta a importância da pesca artesanal como principal fonte de pescado e dependente de novas medidas conservacionistas. Além disso, estudos recentes deixam cada vez mais clara a interdependência entre diferentes ecossistemas, mostrando que os resultados locais podem e devem ser levados para o nível global. Sendo assim, os resultados apresentados neste estudo devem receber grande atenção dos órgãos competentes para o desenvolvimento de práticas conservacionistas participativas que solucionem a problemática aqui apresentada
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor associates with gray matter volumes and early adverse experiences in bipolar disorder. ECNP Workshop on Neuropsychopharmacology for young scientists in Europe.
No full textContribution of NK3 tachykinin receptors to propulsion in the rabbit isolated distal colon
No full textThe role of NK3 receptors in rabbit colonic propulsion has been investigated in vitro with the selective agonist, senktide, and two selective antagonists, SR142801 and SB222200. Peristalsis was elicited by distending a rubber balloon with 0.3 and 1.0 mL of water leading to a velocity of 2.2 and 2.8 mm s(-1), respectively. At concentrations of 1 nM, senktide inhibited propulsion evoked by both distensions (range 25-40%), whereas at 6 and 60 nmol L-1 facilitated 'submaximal' propulsion by 30%. In the presence of N omega -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 200 mu mol L-1), which per se caused a slight prokinetic effect, 1 nmol L-1 senktide markedly accelerated propulsion (range 35-50%). Hexamethonium (200 mu mol L-1) had minor effects on propulsion. In its presence, 60 nmol L-1 senktide significantly inhibited propulsion induced by both stimuli (range 20-50%). SR142801 (0.3, 3 nmol L-1) and SB222200 (30, 300 nmol L-1) facilitated 'submaximal' propulsion (range 20-40%). Conversely, higher antagonist concentrations (SR142801: 30, 300 nM; SB222200: 1, 10 mu mol L-1) inhibited propulsion to both distensions by 20%. A combination of SR142801 (300 nmol L-1) plus hexamethonium (200 mu mol L-1) induced an approximately four-fold greater inhibition of propulsion than that induced by SR142801 alone. In conclusion, in the rabbit-isolated distal colon, a subset of NK3 receptors located on descending pathways mediates an inhibitory effect on propulsion by activating a NO-dependent mechanism. Another subset of NK3 receptors, located on ascen ding pathways mediates a facilitative effect involving a synergistic interaction with cholinergic nicotinic receptors
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Grey and white matter structure associates with the activation of the tryptophan to kynurenine pathway in bipolar disorder
No full textBackground: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness characterised by reduced grey matter (GM) volumes and cortical thickness, and disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure. Activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase following a pro-inflammatory state could increase the amount of tryptophan (Trp) converted to kynurenine (Kyn) possibly leading to the production of detrimental catabolites of the Kyn pathway with neurotoxic effects. We investigated if peripheral levels of Trp-and Kyn and the breakdown of Trp-into Kyn (Kyn/Trp-ratio) are related to WM and GM integrity in BD. Methods: Peripheral levels of Trp-and Kyn were analysed in 72 patients with BD and 33 controls. Patients also underwent MRI in a Philips 3T scanner. Results: Patients showed higher Kyn levels and Kyn/Trp-ratio compared to controls. MRI analyses performed in patients with BD showed a negative association between the Kyn/Trp-ratio and the integrity of corpus callosum microstructure, the volume of the amygdala and cortical thickness in fronto-parietal regions. Limitation: The lack of information on the levels of downstream metabolites of Kyn prevent us to confirm the possible unbalance between quinolinic and kynurenic acids as well as their possible relationship with changes in GM and WM markers. The activation of the Kyn pathway as suggested by the increased Kyn/Trp-ratio may lead to an imbalance of the neurotoxic vs the neuroprotective arm of the biochemical pathway, resulting in significant changes in GM and WM regions of brain areas strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of BD, such as amygdala and corpus callosum
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
P.2.d.023 Effects of the interaction between lithium and glycogen synthase kinase 3 in effective connectivity on neural response to emotional processing in bipolar disorder
No full textItalian Investigation on Mental Health Workers' Attitudes Regarding Personal Recovery From Mental Illness.
No full textThis study aimed to investigate attitudes toward personal recovery in a sample of 436 healthcare professionals and students of psychiatric rehabilitation techniques through the Italian version of the recovery knowledge inventory (RKI). The sample in our study showed a good global orientation toward recovery. Statistically significant differences were found among mental health professionals based on gender difference, professional role, and level of experience. Women seemed more inclined to accept users' decision-making processes, including therapeutic risk-taking. Nurses seemed more cautious in considering the users able to "live beyond their illness". Professionals with fewer than 15 years of experience had more favorable attitudes and expectations than the more experienced respondents. Students had more optimistic expectations regarding recovery than nurses and social workers. Academic curriculum development for students and training courses for mental health professionals could further improve the homogeneity in attitudes and skills in the support of users' "unique" recovery processes
Contribution of NK3 tachykinin receptors to propulsion in the rabbit isolated distal colon
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