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Diri yang Pra-Deskriptif: (Studi Paralelisme Struktur Fundamental Manusia Dalam Filsafat Heidegger dan Mullā Şadrā)
Full text linkThis study discusses the thoughts of two great philosophers namely Martin Heidegger and Mulla Ṣadrā in a study of Philosophy of Man in the topic of ‘Fundamental Structure of Man’. The problem discussed here is parallelism of the philosophers' ideas on the Fundamental Structure of Man. This study tries to figure out the nature of humans according to the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Mullā Ṣadrā, and synthesizes them with the method of parallelism. The author feels that this research is important, not only to enrich the inter-philosophical dialogue, but also because these two philosophers share the same ontological principle in their philosophical foundation namely, Being. This view is called ontological reduction. Both were convinced that no philosophical problem could be solved unless the question of Being was adequately answered.
The method used in this study is the particular comparative method, namely parallelism.
From this research the author found that, Parallelism of the Fundamental Structure of Man according to Heidegger and Mulla Ṣadrā shows a criticism of the views that have taken root in the discourse of modern Western philosophy which was pioneered by Rene Descartes. Heidegger clearly shows his disagreement with the view of self in Cartesian philosophy and breaks it down with the idea of human Dasein as an existent who understands himself in a pre-structured understanding, existentially and precedes any reflection or any cognitive activity about I (self). Likewise Mullā Ṣadrā, who lived in the same century as Rene Descartes, indirectly criticized such philosophical traditions of rationalism by developing the idea of his ‘ilm hudhūrī, that this knowledge of I or self (self-knowledge) is immanent in itself (self-evident) and precede any form of conception or reflection about self and be the basis for every form of empirical knowledge.Kajian ini mengangkat pemikiran dua filsuf besar yaitu Martin Heidegger dan Mullā Şadrā dalam suatu kajian Filsafat Manusia dengan topik pembahasan ‘Struktur Fundamental Manusia’. Problem yang diangkat adalah bagaimana kesejalanan atau paralelisme gagasan keduanya mengenai struktur fundamental manusia. Penelitian ini berusaha mencari hakikat manusia menurut pandangan Martin Heidegger dan Mullā Şadrā kemudian mensintesiskannya dengan metode paralelisme. Penelitian ini penulis rasa penting, di samping untuk memperkaya dialog pemikiran antar peradaban, juga karena kedua filsuf ini memiliki kesamaan prinsip ontologis dalam fondasi filsafatnya yaitu, Ada. Pandangan ini kemudian disebut dengan ‘reduksi ontologis’. Keduanya yakin bahwa tidak ada problem filsafat yang dapat terselesaikan kecuali pertanyaan tentang Ada terjawab secara memadai. Pandangan reduksi ontologis ini termanifes dalam bangunan pemikiran dan kritik keduanya, terutama dalam studi ini adalah gagasan mengenai manusia yang bersandar pada prinsip ke swa-buktian Ada.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode komparatif khusus yaitu Paralelisme. Paralelisme adalah teori interpretasi atau metode komparasi khusus yang berupaya mencari paralelitas atau kesejalanan formulasi pemikiran antara dua filsuf yang memiliki perbedaan konteks, penekanan, pendekatan arah pemikiran dan solusi, namun memiliki karakteristik gagasan yang sejalan, sebangun atau paralel.
Dari penelitian ini penulis menyimpulakan bahwa, Paralelisme Struktur Fundamental Manusia menurut Heidegger dan Mullā Şadrā menunjukan suatu kritik pada pandangan yang telah mengakar dalam diskursus filsafat Barat modern yang dipelopori oleh Rene Descartes. Heidegger secara terang menunjukan ketidakterimaannya pada pandangan tentang diri dalam filsafat Cartesian dan mendobraknya dengan gagasan manusia Dasein sebagai eksisten yang memahami dirinya sendiri dalam pra-struktur memahami, secara eksistensial dan mendahului suatu refleksi atau aktifitas kognitif apapun tentang diri Aku. Demikian pula Mullā Şadrā, walaupun hidup seabad dengan Rene Descartes, secara tidak langung mengkritik tradisi filsafat rasionalisme semacam itu dengan mengembangkan gagasan ilmu ḥudhūrī-nya, bahwa pengetahuan akan Aku atau diri (self-knowledge) ini bersifat imanen dalam dirinya sendiri (swa-diri) dan mendahului segala bentuk konsepsi atau refleksi mengenai diri serta menjadi dasar bagi pengetahuan empiris
FROM CHINESE FOLK RELIGION TO TRIDHARMA: THE TRAJECTORY OF CHINESE RELIGION IN INDONESIA
No full textThis article explores the trajectory of Chinese folk religion and the institution of klenteng (Chinese temple) within the broader discourse of Chinese religion in Indonesia, spanning from the colonial period to the post-reform era. Employing a historical and anthropological approach, this study examines Chinese religious discourse through Chinese-peranakan publications from the colonial era. It presents contemporary practices of Chinese folk religion and temple life as part of that evolving discourse. Historically and anthropologically, Chinese folk religion has been deeply embedded in the religious life of Chinese communities. However, its resonance has gradually degraded under the dominating religious narratives, particularly due to Christianisation during the colonial era and anti-Chinese politics, as well as religious governance in post-Independence Indonesia. This article takes the case of Muntilan, Central Java, to highlight a distinctive local expression of Chinese folk religion and klenteng culture that diverges from patterns found in major urban centres across Indonesia. This study reveals how Chinese folk religion, though marginalised by both state and elite religious institutions, persists through local ritual practices and temple communities, offering a critical perspective on religious categorisation and state power in postcolonial Indonesia
Interpreting Meditation as an Interreligious Occasion: an Interrituality Approach
Full text linkThis research examines meditation as a form of interreligious engagement through an interrituality approach. The concept of interrituality involves interreligious encounters that are catalysed by rituals. The meditation considered here is a public meditation organised by one of the Buddhist institutions in Indonesia, namely Karangdjati vihara Yogyakarta. This research uses semi-structured interviews and participatory observation of regular non-Buddhist participants in the vihara. Drawing on the interrituality approach, this research aims to present the plurality of interpretations of the one Buddhist ritual of meditation based on the participants\u27 immersions, and needs that allows for the sharing of religious experiences in a hospitality moment. In that way, this study aims to contribute to broadening the interest of interreligious studies from theological, theoretical, and discursive dialogue to the more practical, lived interreligious encounters through the realm of ritual.
[Penelitian ini meneroka meditasi sebagai momen perjumpaan lintas agama melalui pendekatan interrituality. Konsep interrituality bermakna perjumpaan lintas agama yang diwujudkan oleh ritual. Meditasi yang diteliti adalah meditasi umum yang diselenggarakan salah satu institusi agama Buddha di Indonesia, yaitu vihara Karangdjati Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara semi-struktur dan observasi partisipatif terhadap partisipan reguler non-Buddhist di vihara. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan interritualitas, penelitian ini berupaya menampilkan pluralitas penafsiran atas satu ritual meditasi berdasarkan penghayatan dan kebutuhan para partisipannya yang memungkinkan terjadinya saling berbagi pengalaman religius dalam suasana ramah tamah. Dengan cara itu, penelitian ini hendak berkontribusi untuk memperluas perhatian studi lintas agama dari dialog teologis, teoritis dan diskursif ke perjumpaan lintas agama yang lebih praktis dan hidup melalui ranah ritual.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
UNVEILING THE DIVERGENT NEEDS IN THE QUEST FOR RESOLUTION: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE 2016 DISPUTE BETWEEN THE ISLAMIC JIHAD FRONT AND ST. JAMES ALFEUS CHURCH IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Full text linkIn 2016, the Islamic Jihad Front (FJI) organized a demonstration against the installation of a monumental statue depicting the face of Jesus at St. James Alfeus Church, located in Sendangsari Village, Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. Despite the occurrence of this event some years ago, it is crucial to pursue a theoretical framework for analyzing this interfaith conflict in the field of Sociology of Religion. In light of this requirement, the objective of this study is to reassess the dispute between FJI and St. James Alfes Church by employing an onion clone conflict analysis that specifically examines the stances, desires, and requirements of both entities, namely the church and FJI. The research was undertaken using a process-tracing technique to gather extensive data on the causes and mechanisms of the dispute. The analytical results indicate that the disagreement did not facilitate integration due to FJI\u27s refusal to comply with the requests of St. Yaobus Alfeus Church. Conversely, each participant possesses distinct demands and interests that are not mutually comprehensible, hence reducing the likelihood of integration. This study suggests that effectively addressing interfaith disputes may be achieved by identifying and comprehending the individual needs of each participant involved.Pada 2016 lalu, Front Jihad Islam (FJI) menggelar aksi memprotes pendirian patung besar wajah Yesus di Gereja St. Yakobus Alfeus, Desa Sendangsari, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Meskipun peristiwa ini telah terjadi beberapa tahun silam, namun upaya untuk terus mencari kerangka teoritik untuk ‘membaca’ konflik lintas agama ini menjadi kebutuhan dalam studi Sosiologi Agama. Berdasarkan kebutuhan ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membaca ulang konflik FJI dengan Gereja St. Yakobus Alfes melalui the onion clonflict analysis yang berfokus pada posisi, kepentingan, dan kebutuhan kedua belah pihak, yaitu gereja dan FJI. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui process-tracing approach untuk mendapatkan data yang komprehensif tentang apa dan bagaimana konflik tersebut terjadi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa konflik tidak memunculkan peluang integrasi karena tidak diterimanya tuntutan dari FJI kepada Gereja St. Yaobus Alfeus. Pada sisi lain, masing-masing pihak memiliki kebutuhan dan kepentingan masing-masing yang tak bisa dipahami satu sama lain sehingga semakin memperkecil peluang integrasi. Penelitian ini selanjutnya memberikan rekomendasi bahwa penyelesaian konflik lintas agama dengan mengungkap masing-masing kebutuhan antar aktor akan berfungsi apabila kebutuhan tersebut dipahami dengan baik oleh masing-masing pihak
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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