787 research outputs found
Agrarian Conflicts and Forest Carbon
No full textIndonesia’s commitment to reducing land-based greenhouse gas emissions significantly includes the expansion of conservation areas, but these developments are not free of conflicts. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of agrarian conflicts in the context of the implementation of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and forest carbon offsetting in Indonesia, a country where deforestation is a major issue. The author analyzes new kinds of transnational agrarian conflicts which have strong implications for global environmental justice in the REDD+ pilot province of Jambi on the island of Sumatra. The chapters cover: the rescaling of the governance of forests; privatization of conservation; and the transnational dimensions of agrarian conflicts and peasants' resistance in the context of REDD+. The book builds on an innovative conceptual approach linking political ecology, politics of scale and theories of power. It fills an important knowledge and research gap by focusing on the socially differentiated impacts of REDD+ and new forest carbon offsetting initiatives in Southeast Asia, providing a multi-scalar perspective. It is aimed at scholars in the areas of political ecology, human geography, climate change mitigation, forest and natural resource management, as well as environmental justice and agrarian studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781351066020, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license
EWOMs påverkan på konsumenters köpintentioner : En studie om hur olika personlighetstypers köpintentioner påverkas av recensioner på internet.
No full textTitel: EWOMs påverkan på konsumenters köpintentioner - En studie om hur olika personlighetstypers köpintentioner påverkas av recensioner på internet. Nivå: C-uppsats, examensarbete i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Jonas Lindblom och Jonas Åfors Handledare: Jonas Molin och Lars-Johan Åge Datum: 2018- maj Syfte: Syftet med studien är att förklara hur olika personlighetstyper och deras köpintentioner påverkas av eWOM. Metod: Studien använder sig av en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en enkätundersökning som underlag för framarbetat resultat. Den webbaserade undersökningen som bestod av 23 frågor samlade in svar från 121 respondenter. Enkätsvaren analyserades sedan i det statistiska dataprogrammet SPSS där deskriptiv statistik, klusteranalys samt en korrelationsanalys genomfördes. Resultat och slusats: Resultatet av denna studie visar att konsumenters köpintentioner påverkas olika av recensioner på internet beroende på deras personlighetsdrag. Studien tyder på personlighetsfaktorerna neuroticism och openness bidrar till köpintentioner av att läsa recensioner på internet vid bokandet av semesterresor. För personlighetsfaktorerna agreeableness och conscientiousness tydde resultatet på att recensioner på internet ger en omvänd effekt och bidrar till minskade köpintentioner. Förslag till vidare forskning: Vidare forskning bör applicera ett mer utförligt Big Five-test i undersökningen för att se om sambanden mellan personlighetsfaktorerna och recensioner på internet blir dem samma. En större omfattning av denna studie med fler respondenter skulle bidra till ökad trovärdighet samt fler statistiska klarheter. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien har bidragit till ökad kunskap inom företagsekonomin med inriktning på marknadsföringsbegreppet eWOM och kopplat det till personlighetsforskningen inom Big Five. Vår studie bidrar till att företag inom turismbranschen enklare kan se vilka olika personlighetstyper som läser recensioner på internet. På så vis går det enklare att rikta sin marknadsföring till de individer som inte väljer att läsa och ta till sig recensioner på internet.Title: The impact of eWOM on consumer purchasing intentions - A study of how the purchasing intentions of different personality types are influenced by online reviews Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degrees in Business Administration Author: Jonas Lindblom och Jonas Åfors Supervisor: Jonas Molin och Lars-Johan Åge Date: 2018 - May Aim: The purpose of the study is to explain how different personality traits and their purchasing intentions are influenced by eWOM. Method: A quantitative research method was performed with a survey as a basis for the results obtained. The web based survey, which consisted of 23 questions, collected responses from 121 respondents. The questionnaire then was analyzed in the statistical computer program SPSS where descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and a correlation analysis were conducted. Result and conclusion: The result of this study shows that consumers purchase intentions are influenced by online reviews based on their personality traits. The study suggests that the personality factors neuroticism and openness contribute to purchase intentions after reading reviews on the internet when booking holiday trips. For the personality factors agreeableness and conscientiousness, the result suggested that reviews on the internet give a reverse effect and contribute to reduced purchase intentions. Further research: Further research should apply a more detailed Big Five test in the survey to see if the relationships between personality factors and online reviews make them the same. A greater extent of this study with more respondents would contribute to increased credibility as well as more statistical clarity. Contribution of the thesis: The study has contributed to increased knowledge within the business administration with a focus on the eWOM marketing concept and linked it to the personality research within Big Five. With the help of our study, we help companies in the tourism industry to more easily see what types of personality are reading online reviews. This makes it easier to target their marketing to those individuals who do not choose to read and receive reviews on the internet.
Jonas, Hobbes e le forme della paura
No full textThis essay aims at clarifying the concept of Jonas’s heuristic of fear. Although it has been severely criticized, fear remains an aspect of his thought which has drawn little attention, particularly regarding the role it plays in the elaboration of the imperative of responsibility. Jonas elaborates a new concept of fear, moulded by the particular form of uncertainty brought about by the technological age. Although critics have interpreted Jonas’ attempt as an ethics founded on irrationality and emotion, the present analysis shows that Jonas affirms a cognitivist theory of fear. The concept of fear he discusses in The Imperative of Responsibility is not an emotion as an immediate physical and psychological reaction, but a form of evaluative thinking that is part of responsibility. In order to illustrate form and function of fear in Jonas thought, I will refer to the meanings of fear in Hobbes, an author Jonas himself refers to
Jonas, Hobbes e le forme della paura
No full textThis essay aims at clarifying the concept of Jonas’s heuristic of fear. Although it has been severely criticized, fear remains an aspect of his thought which has drawn little attention, particularly regarding the role it plays in the elaboration of the imperative of responsibility. Jonas elaborates a new concept of fear, moulded by the particular form of uncertainty brought about by the technological age. Although critics have interpreted Jonas’ attempt as an ethics founded on irrationality and emotion, the present analysis shows that Jonas affirms a cognitivist theory of fear. The concept of fear he discusses in The Imperative of Responsibility is not an emotion as an immediate physical and psychological reaction, but a form of evaluative thinking that is part of responsibility. In order to illustrate form and function of fear in Jonas thought, I will refer to the meanings of fear in Hobbes, an author Jonas himself refers to
Hans Jonas''Gnosticism and Modern Nihilism', and Ludwig von Bertalanffy
No full text‘Gnosticism and Modern Nihilism’ (published in Social Research, 1952) is indeed one of Hans Jonas’ most famous essays, to which its author reserved very deep attention during his philosophical career. As a former pupil of Martin Heidegger and Rudolf Bultmann, Jonas started to deal with religious topics, and specifically with Gnosticism, from the very outset of his philosophical career in the 1920s. After gaining recognition thanks to his remarkable philosophical-existential interpretation of Gnosticism, he returned to the modern age and its philosophical characters. Principally, Jonas discovered that modern philosophy up to Heidegger and Sartre suffered from a peculiar spiritual disease – namely, nihilism – that he had already traced in ancient Gnosticism and that he intended to reject. Therefore, Jonas’ acquaintance with ancient religion and thinking gave him a deep insight into the modern age and provided him with a first glimpse of what was later to become his biological philosophy. However, whoever could imagine that the idea of tracing similarities between Gnosticism and modern thinking came to Jonas at the beginning of 1950 from the famous philosopher and biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy? In this article, I shall endeavour to demonstrate this thesis by quoting from unpublished documents. However, I shall also try to prove that Jonas did not follow von Bertalanffy’s advice completely. The overall aim is, therefore, both to highlight the origins of an essential turning point in the thinking of Hans Jonas, and, on such a basis, to outline the innovation and originality of his philosophical contribution
The Concept of Organism in the Philosophy of Hans Jonas
No full textThe current philosophy of biology, having overcome reductionist temptation, has focused its attention on the concept of organism. Hans Jonas' thought will be useful in this new context, since it deals with this concept in a profound way. From this conviction, the present text intends to explore precisely the notion of organism in Jonas' thought. To do this, I will begin by exposing the motivations that lead the author towards the concept of organism (section 1). He turns to it as a way out of the dualistic difficulties that, in his opinion, threatened to suffocate philosophical research. In a second step, I will specifically present the idea of organism that Jonas proposes with its most conspicuous features, among them, a close link with the notion of metabolism (section 2). After that, I will look for the connections of the concept of organism with other areas of Jonas' thought: ontology, anthropology, ethics and theology (section 3). I will then outline some criticisms on Jonas's ideas, especially regarding the application of the term "freedom" to organisms, as well as the absence of references to biological reproduction (section 4), and end with a concluding summary (section 5).La actual filosofía de la biología, superada ya la tentación reduccionista, ha centrado su atención en el concepto de organismo. El pensamiento de Hans Jonas resultará de utilidad en este nuevo contexto, pues aborda de modo profundo dicho concepto. Desde esta convicción, el presente texto se propone explorar precisamente la noción de organismo en el pensamiento de Jonas. Para ello, comenzaré por exponer las motivaciones que conducen al autor hacia el concepto de organismo (sección 1). Acude a este como vía de salida de las aporías dualistas que, a su parecer, amenazaban con asfixiar la investigación filosófica. En un segundo paso, presentaré ya en concreto la idea de organismo que propone Jonas, con sus rasgos más conspicuos, entre los que consta un estrecho vínculo con la noción de metabolismo (sección 2). Tras ello, buscaré las conexiones del concepto de organismo con otras áreas del pensamiento de Jonas: ontología, antropología, ética y teología (sección 3). Esbozaré, a continuación, algunas críticas a las ideas de Jonas, en especial en lo que hace a la aplicación a los organismos del término "libertad", así como a la ausencia de referencias a la reproducción biológica (sección 4), para finalizar con un resumen conclusivo (sección 5).The current philosophy of biology, having overcome reductionist temptations, has focused its attention on the concept of organism. Hans Jonas' thought will be useful in this new context, since it deals with this concept in a profound way. From this conviction, the present text intends to explore precisely the notion of organism in Jonas' work. To do this, I will begin by exposing the motivations that lead the author towards the concept of organism (section 1). He turns to it as a way out of the dualistic difficulties that, in his opinion, threatened to suffocate philosophical research. In a second step, I will specifically present the idea of organism that Jonas proposes with its most conspicuous features, among them, a close link with the notion of metabolism (section 2). After that, I will look for the connections of the concept of organism with other areas of Jonas' thought: ontology, anthropology, ethics and theology (section 3). I will then outline some criticisms on Jonas's ideas, especially regarding the application of the term "freedom" to organisms, as well as the absence of references to biological reproduction (section 4), and end with a concluding summary (section 5).La actual filosofía de la biología, superada ya la tentación reduccionista, ha centrado su atención en el concepto de organismo. El pensamiento de Hans Jonas resultará de utilidad en este nuevo contexto, pues aborda de modo profundo dicho concepto. Desde esta convicción, el presente texto se propone explorar precisamente la noción de organismo en el pensamiento de Jonas. Para ello, comenzaré por exponer las motivaciones que conducen al autor hacia el concepto de organismo (sección 1). Acude a este como vía de salida de las aporías dualistas que, a su parecer, amenazaban con asfixiar la investigación filosófica. En un segundo paso, presentaré ya en concreto la idea de organismo que propone Jonas, con sus rasgos más conspicuos, entre los que consta un estrecho vínculo con la noción de metabolismo (sección 2). Tras ello, buscaré las conexiones del concepto de organismo con otras áreas del pensamiento de Jonas: ontología, antropología, ética y teología (sección 3). Esbozaré, a continuación, algunas críticas a las ideas de Jonas, en especial en lo que hace a la aplicación a los organismos del término "libertad", así como a la ausencia de referencias a la reproducción biológica (sección 4), para finalizar con un resumen conclusivo (sección 5).The current philosophy of biology, having overcome reductionist temptations, has focused its attention on the concept of organism. Hans Jonas' thought will be useful in this new context, since it deals with this concept in a profound way. From this conviction, the present text intends to explore precisely the notion of organism in Jonas' work. To do this, I will begin by exposing the motivations that lead the author towards the concept of organism (section 1). He turns to it as a way out of the dualistic difficulties that, in his opinion, threatened to suffocate philosophical research. In a second step, I will specifically present the idea of organism that Jonas proposes with its most conspicuous features, among them, a close link with the notion of metabolism (section 2). After that, I will look for the connections of the concept of organism with other areas of Jonas' thought: ontology, anthropology, ethics and theology (section 3). I will then outline some criticisms on Jonas's ideas, especially regarding the application of the term "freedom" to organisms, as well as the absence of references to biological reproduction (section 4), and end with a concluding summary (section 5).La actual filosofía de la biología, superada ya la tentación reduccionista, ha centrado su atención en el concepto de organismo. El pensamiento de Hans Jonas resultará de utilidad en este nuevo contexto, pues aborda de modo profundo dicho concepto. Desde esta convicción, el presente texto se propone explorar precisamente la noción de organismo en el pensamiento de Jonas. Para ello, comenzaré por exponer las motivaciones que conducen al autor hacia el concepto de organismo (sección 1). Acude a este como vía de salida de las aporías dualistas que, a su parecer, amenazaban con asfixiar la investigación filosófica. En un segundo paso, presentaré ya en concreto la idea de organismo que propone Jonas, con sus rasgos más conspicuos, entre los que consta un estrecho vínculo con la noción de metabolismo (sección 2). Tras ello, buscaré las conexiones del concepto de organismo con otras áreas del pensamiento de Jonas: ontología, antropología, ética y teología (sección 3). Esbozaré, a continuación, algunas críticas a las ideas de Jonas, en especial en lo que hace a la aplicación a los organismos del término "libertad", así como a la ausencia de referencias a la reproducción biológica (sección 4), para finalizar con un resumen conclusivo (sección 5)
Euristica della paura e vincolo dell’incertezza. Riflessioni su Jonas e Hobbes
No full textThis essay aims at clarifying the concept of Jonas’s heuristic of fear. In spite of severe criticism, fear remains a little-explored aspect of his thought, especially as far as the role it plays in the elaboration of the imperative of responsibility. Jonas elaborates a new concept of fear, molded by the particular form of uncertainty brought about by the technological age. Although critics have interpreted Jonas’ attempt as an ethics founded on irrationality and emotion, the present analysis shows that Jonas affirms a cognitivist theory of fear. The concept of fear he discusses in The Imperative of Responsibility is not an emotion as an immediate physical and psychological reaction, but a form of evaluative thinking, which is part of responsibility. In order to illustrate form and function of fear in Jonas thought, I will refer to the meanings of fear in Hobbes, an author Jonas himself refers to
Ritorno all'Ellade: Hans Jonas e alcuni spunti di riflessione sulla tradizione filosofica antica
No full textIt seems undeniable, that in reconstructing the conceptual universe of Hans Jonas's oeuvre a privileged place can, or indeed must, be reserved for his relationship with the classical heritage. Certainly, it is far from easy to provide a clear and detailed outline of this relationship with the ancient philosophical past. Jonas is not the kind of author who peppers his writing with quotes, references, and footnotes. Often his engagement with such a past is a silent one, and only a painstaking approach can reveal the presence of this or that ancient author. In the light of this premiss, I will endeavour to garner some data in a clear and orderly fashion. I believe it may be possible to identify some philosophers and themes particularly dear to Jonas, without making any claim to absolute and systematic completeness (or necessarily establishing a rigorous chronological sequence)
Earnings management i svenska kommuner : En kvantitativ studie
No full textTitel: Earnings management i svenska kommuner Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Frida Johansson och Jonas Magnusson Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: 2022 – januari Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka och kartlägga huruvida earnings management i form av diskretionära periodiseringar förekommer i svenska kommuner. Metod: I studien har en kvantitativ forskningsstrategi tillämpats, med en longitudinell forskningsdesign. Finansiell information rapporterad från de 289 svenska kommunerna inhämtades från Statistiska Centralbyråns databas för räkenskapsåren 2017–2020. Insamlad data har testats med hjälp av multipla regressionsanalyser och har analyserats via statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet relaterat till studiens första hypotes påvisade ett starkt signifikant, negativt samband mellan den relativa förändringen i periodiseringskostnader och större underliggande underskott innan dessa periodiseringskostnader. Det negativa sambandet kan tolkas som att de svenska kommunerna inte är benägna att belasta större underskott med ytterligare periodiseringskostnader enligt teorin om reningsbad. Utifrån resultatet falsifieras studiens första hypotes. Resultatet kopplat till studiens andra hypotes påvisade ett mindre signifikant samband, vilket ger, om än icke signifikant, visst stöd till antagandet om att de svenska kommunerna strävar efter att rapportera moderata överskott. Utifrån resultatet falsifieras dock även studiens andra hypotes. Uppsatsens bidrag till ämnet: Studien bidrar till att fylla forskningsgapet gällande earnings management i de svenska kommunerna genom förekomsten av diskretionära periodiseringar. Studien bidrar även till ett nytt teoretiskt perspektiv genom att föra in resultatutjämningsreserven i förklaringsmodellen till varför graden av earnings management i de svenska kommunerna minskat i omfattning. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett förslag till vidare forskning vore att undersöka om förekomsten av reningsbad och resultatutjämning som metod skiljer sig åt mellan kommuner de år ett val äger rum eller när en revision har skett. En annan synvinkel hade varit att genomföra studien med en kvalitativ inriktning. Detta då det endast finns ett fåtal tidigare studier gällande earnings management inom kommunsektorn som har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod.Title: Earnings management in Swedish municipalities Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Frida Johansson and Jonas Magnusson Supervisor: Jan Svanberg Date: 2022 – January Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate and identify whether earnings management in terms of discretionary accruals occur in Swedish municipalities. Method: In this study, a quantitative research strategy has been applied, with a longitudinal research design. Financial information reported from the 289 Swedish municipalities was obtained from Statistics Sweden database for the financial years 2017-2020. The collected data was tested using multiple regression analyses and is analyzed through the statistical program SPSS. Result & Conclusions: The results related to the first hypothesis of the study demonstrated a strongly significant, negative relationship between the relative change in accrual costs and larger underlying deficits before these accruals. The negative relationship was interpreted as if Swedish municipalities are not likely to burden larger deficits with additional accruals, according to the theory of big bath accounting. Based on the results, the first hypothesis of the study was falsified. The results related to the second hypothesis of the study, indicated a smaller significant correlation which provides, although non-significant, support for the assumption that the Swedish municipalities strive to report moderate surpluses. Based on these results, the second hypothesis of the study is also falsified. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to filling the gap of research for the Swedish municipalities on whether earnings management occurs in terms of discretionary accruals. The study also contributes to a new theoretical perspective by introducing RUR (profit equalization reserve) into the explanatory model of why earnings management has decreased in Swedish municipalities. Suggestions for future research: A suggestion for further research would be to investigate whether big bath or income smoothing as a method differs between municipalities in the years when an election takes place or when an audit has taken place. Another point of view would have been to conduct the study with a qualitative focus, as there are only a few previous studies for earnings management in the municipal sector that have used a qualitative method
Overview of the evolution of Lithuanian applied graphic art in the 1960s-1980s
No full textPateikiamas rankraštinis profesoriaus Jono Gudmono 2003 metų tekstas apie Lietuvos taikomosios grafikos raidą sovietiniu laikotarpiu, kuriame apžvelgtos svarbiausios organizacijos, parodos, dailininkai ir jų kūryba, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant nuo 1964 m. Vilniuje veikusiam Eksperimentiniam taros ir įpakavimo konstravimo biurui. Autorius, sukūręs daug ryškių plakatų, aktyviai dalyvavęs taikomosios grafikos parodinėje ir organizacinėje veikloje, gerai pažinojęs menininkus, siekdamas užpildyti šios srities literatūros ir informacijos spragas, užrašė autentiškus liudijimus, atsiminimus, surinko spaudos atsiliepimus, įterpė ir savo asmeninių vertinimų apie taikomosios grafikos situaciją. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Jonas Gudmonas; Plakatas; Taikomoji grafika; Jonas Gudmonas; Poster; Applied graphic artPresented here is a handwritten 2003 text about the evolution of Lithuanian applied graphic art during the Soviet period - an overview of the principal organisations, exhibitions, authors, and their works, with a particular focus on the Experimental Package Design Bureau, established i n Vilnius in 1964, and the artists who worked there. The author of the text is the graphic and poster artist, professor of Vilnius Academy of Art Jonas Gudmonas, who has himself created numerous outstanding posters and has been an active participant of the exhibition, organisational, and supervisory activities associated with applied graphic art, and was closely acquainted with the artists mentioned in the text and their work. Seeking to fill the literature and information gap in this sphere, the author wrote down authentic testimonies and reminiscences, and collected press reviews, complementing these with his own view of the evolution of applied graphic art
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