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Występek mieszkańców całej ziemi w świetle Księgi Rodzaju (11,1-9)
Get PDFIn Gn 11,1-2 the author presents the characters of the narrative. It is emphasized that at an unspecified time in the past there occurred a change in human lifestyle from a nomadic life to a settled one. People seek a space to live that would enable them to accomplish their plans. The next two verses show the whole humankind\u27s sin of pride that consists in contradicting God. The author depicts it in a symbolic way as the building of a tower that would reach the heavens. The erected structure bears resemblance to Mesopotamian ziggurats - constructions that to the author of the narrative represent idolatrous cult. The tower is a symbol of the crowning achievement of human plans and misguided human ambitions that diverge from God\u27s plans. Such a perspective is suggested in the story by God\u27s reaction to the undertaking (verses 5-9). The moral judgment of the project is contained in the effects of divine punishment, which convey the truth that separation is the aftermath of sin. The phenomenon of organized evil described in the story is not so much a sum of the transgressions of individual humans as a sin of the entire human community
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cham’s decay and his results basic on Gen 9,18-19
No full textStory from Gen 9,18-19 is showing the Truth, that a man displays propensity to the evil, which has their source in free will and weakness of human nature. Author is describing situation of Noah drunk. He is showing bigger Cham’s sin, which rely on violation rule of property and respect to father. The evil touches important relationship between father and son. The sin is bringing serious results. Person of Cham is justification of depending his descendant from Israel
Wirtschaftskrisen als Wendepunkte
No full textEin Gespenst geht um in Europa – das Gespenst der Krise. Vor dem Hintergrund einer allgegenwärtigen Diskussion über Banken-, Euro- oder gar Weltwirtschaftskrise untersuchen die Autoren des Sammelbandes in 15 Beiträgen das historische Phänomen ökonomischer Krisen. Mittels eines epochenübergreifenden Ansatzes fragen sie nicht nach kurzfristig wiederkehrenden zyklischen Schwankungen, sondern nach Erscheinungen, die sich als Wendepunkte einer Entwicklung darstellen. Es geht dabei ebenso um gesellschaftliche und politische Aus- bzw. Wechselwirkungen in ihren weit gefassten Ursachen und Folgen wie um die Frage nach Brüchen und Kontinuitäten. Agrar- und Ernährungskrisen, Verschiebungen von Handelsrouten und monetäre Einbrüche, Staatsbankrotte, Kriege oder Spekulationsblasen: Alle haben sie ihre jeweils spezifischen wirtschaftlichen, aber auch politischen, gesellschaftlichen, demographischen und ökologischen Ursachen, die ihrerseits auf das Leben von Menschen einwirken und zu bemerkenswerten Rückkoppelungsprozessen führen. Behandelt werden zerfallende Staaten und labile Gesellschaften im Mittelalter, aber auch Kriege, Plünderungen und Epidemien städtischer und agrarischer Gesellschaften in der Frühen Neuzeit sowie »alte« und »neue« Krisenkontexte vom 19. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert. Von aktuellem Interesse ist dabei besonders der gesellschaftliche Wandel seit der Weltwirtschaftskrise von 1929, der mit dem Untergang des Monopolsozialismus noch keinen Abschluss gefunden hat. Der Band, der auf eine Tagung des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Warschau in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte der Universität Wien im Januar 1914 zurückgeht, ermöglicht historische Einordnungen vergangener Krisen und trägt darüber hinaus dazu bei, gegenwärtige Wahrnehmungen und Deutungen präziser zu kontextualisieren und Besonderheiten bzw. Eigenheiten herauszuarbeiten. In diesem Sinne verbinden die Aufsätze mittels neuer Herangehensweisen politik-, alltags-, ideen- oder kulturgeschichtliche Fragestellungen mit ökonomischen Aspekten. Der geographische Schwerpunkt liegt auf Mittel- und Osteuropa, wobei diachrone und synchrone Vergleiche auch andere Regionen einbeziehen
The trade between Slesvig/Lübeck and Novgorod c. 1050 until c. 1450
No full textIn the Scandinavian sources an association of “merchants”, willing to trade overseas, was conducted in two steps. In the first step a merchant who wanted to sail abroad could ask the captain of the ship, skipdrottin, to be taken into it. The trade between the Jutian peninsula and Novgorod alone illustrates the problems and developments of monetisation in the Baltic Sea area, because here merchants from different systems and development stages met. In the case of the city of Slesvig the bylaw from around 1200 stated that the lord of the town owned the pre-emption right and the laudaticum for marten-fur, which was converted into a onetime fee of the furriers. Marten furs were a symbol of status and an important trading good in the Baltic Sea area, especially in the trade with Novgorod. In the Lubeck chronicle of Arnold of Lubeck, the mark pennies appear for the first time at the end of the twelfth century
The message of sin and repentance in Acts
Get PDFThe message of sin and repentance is one of the crucial themes of the second
part of Luke’s work. The author stresses Israel’s guilt and the gravity of every sin.
Using the case of Ananias and Sapphira he emphasizes the fact that sins are
punished. That is why Peter in his speeches points the necessity of repentance
and penance and exhorts people to be baptised ‘in the name of Jesus Christ
for the forgiveness of sins’ (Acts 2, 38). Giving up sin is the precondition for
forgiveness, which is stated in the fragment on Simon in Acts 8, 18-24.Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach11/2233
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Unification with God in the Context of Human Sinfulness and unsinfulness in the Light of the First Letter of St. John
No full textThe First Letter of St. John undertakes the problem of the unification with God in the context of human sinfulness. Its author indicates the co-participation with God in the perspective of the anti-thesis of light and darkness. The reference to the bond with God while committing sins he speci-fies as abiding in the darkness. The mere fact of being a Christian does not mean the status of unsinfulness. Such a belief is wrong. With undertaking the discussion with the views of the Gnos-tics John indicates that the real unification with God implies the community of all the faithful. As to the question of possible unsinfulness he underlines that the unification with sinless Christ has an essential significance. The abiding in Christ is a criterion of Godly childhood, and gives strength to resist the temptations
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