7 research outputs found
The notion of Mahdiyyah as conceived by Sheikh ?Usm?n Dan Fodio
No full textThe belief in the expected redeemer or the Mahd? is a well-known concept in the history of Islam. However, the notion has been opened to several interpretations and misinterpretations from various Islamic sects, each asserting that its own version of the Mahdiyyah is authentic and valid. As a result, several Islamic movements were orchestrated under the banner of the Mahdiyya
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Development – The Exigent and Foundational Approaches for Nigeria
No full textHaving identified ICT production as the component of the ICT revolution that can enhance true socio-economic development to developing countries like Nigeria. This paper
provides a way to achieving this by closely examining what ICT production entails and
positioned that since ICT production is closely related to science, engineering/ technology,
a more meaningful policy implementation in the area of technological growth and Science & Technology education is desirable. The paper is aimed at suggesting the redesigning of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) policy to inculcate ICT production knowledge into Nigerian child from the primary school level if our dream of ICT for development be fulfilled
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION IN THE FACE OF MODERNITY: THE CASE OF JAMAL AL-DIN AL-AFGHANI AND MUHAMMAD ABDUH
No full textABSTRAC
The notion of Mahdiyyah as conceived by Sheikh ʿUsmān Dan Fodio
No full textThe belief in the expected redeemer or the Mahdī is a well-known concept in the history of Islam. However, the notion has been opened to several interpretations and misinterpretations from various Islamic sects, each asserting that its own version of the Mahdiyyah is authentic and valid. As a result, several Islamic movements were orchestrated under the banner of the Mahdiyyah; prominent among them in Africa are those of Muhammad Ibn Tumart (1080-1130), the patron of the Muwaḥḥidūn State in north Africa, Muḥammad AÍmad ibn ʿAbdullāh (1844-1885), the architect of the Mahdist State in the Sudan (1881-1898) and Sheikh ʿUsmān Dan Fodio (1754-1817), the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate. This article explores the authenticity of the notion of the Mahdiyyah in Islam, which constitutes the basis for the main discourse of the study, namely, the status of the Mahdiyyah as conceived by Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio, and the resultant impact of the Sheikh’s Mahdiyyah on the Sudanese Mahdiyyah
MISMANAGEMENT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES TO FARM BUSINESS PROSPECT AND SUSTAINABILITY: EVIDENCES FROM COMMERCIAL FAR
No full textEn-gendering theatre in Eritrea : the roles and representations of women in the performing arts
No full textThis thesis is a first attempt at writing a modern theatre historiography of Eritrea, with emphasis on the roles and representations of women. It covers a period of some fifty years, from the late 1930s to 1991, the year of the country's de facto independence. The study is divided into three major sections; Part One providing the context of theatre in Eritrea, Part Two dealing with the emergence of modern Eritrean theatre arts, and Part Three covering the rise of the fighter performing arts during the thirty-year liberation struggle against Ethiopia.
After an introduction to Eritrean history and theatre arts as well as the theoretical framework of the study, Chapter 1 examines women's roles and representations in Eritrean societies and selected traditional performing arts as the
matrix onto which modern performance practices are built.
Chapter 2 starts with a portrayal of early urban women performers in the late 1930s and early 1940s as singers and krar-players in local drinking houses, followed by the gradual expansion of Eritrean theatre arts under the British
Military Administration. Thereafter the establishment of three well-known Eritrean theatre associations is examined, with Chapter 3 focusing on the Asmara Theatre Association, Mahber Theatre Asmara, whose work was eventually brought to a halt by the rise of the Ethiopian Derg regime. An investigation into the cultural troupes of the two liberation movements, the Eritrean Liberation Front
(ELF) and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) is dealt with in Part Three.
Chapter 4 outlines theatre work in the ELF, while Chapters 5-7 present details of EPLF performing arts. Chapter 5 begins with early performance activities until
the strategic retreat in 1978/79, followed by Chapter 6 with an analysis of drama work after the reorganisation of the Division of Culture. Chapter 7 covers theatre
activities in mass organisations and supporting departments and outlines cultural developments during the final years of the liberation war. In conclusion, major trends and directions in post-independence Eritrean theatre arts are summarised as they continue to negotiate recent socio-political problems and developments
Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants
No full textInternational audienceSummary BackgroundDiabetes can be detected at the primary health-care level, and effective treatments lower the risk of complications. There are insufficient data on the coverage of treatment for diabetes and how it has changed. We estimated trends from 1990 to 2022 in diabetes prevalence and treatment for 200 countries and territories.MethodsWe used data from 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants aged 18 years and older with measurements of fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and information on diabetes treatment. We defined diabetes as having a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 7·0 mmol/L or higher, having an HbA1c of 6·5% or higher, or taking medication for diabetes. We defined diabetes treatment as the proportion of people with diabetes who were taking medication for diabetes. We analysed the data in a Bayesian hierarchical meta-regression model to estimate diabetes prevalence and treatment.FindingsIn 2022, an estimated 828 million (95% credible interval [CrI] 757–908) adults (those aged 18 years and older) had diabetes, an increase of 630 million (554–713) from 1990. From 1990 to 2022, the age-standardised prevalence of diabetes increased in 131 countries for women and in 155 countries for men with a posterior probability of more than 0·80. The largest increases were in low-income and middle-income countries in southeast Asia (eg, Malaysia), south Asia (eg, Pakistan), the Middle East and north Africa (eg, Egypt), and Latin America and the Caribbean (eg, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Costa Rica). Age-standardised prevalence neither increased nor decreased with a posterior probability of more than 0·80 in some countries in western and central Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia and the Pacific, Canada, and some Pacific island nations where prevalence was already high in 1990; it decreased with a posterior probability of more than 0·80 in women in Japan, Spain, and France, and in men in Nauru. The lowest prevalence in the world in 2022 was in western Europe and east Africa for both sexes, and in Japan and Canada for women, and the highest prevalence in the world in 2022 was in countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, some countries in the Caribbean and the Middle East and north Africa, as well as Pakistan and Malaysia. In 2022, 445 million (95% CrI 401–496) adults aged 30 years or older with diabetes did not receive treatment (59% of adults aged 30 years or older with diabetes), 3·5 times the number in 1990. From 1990 to 2022, diabetes treatment coverage increased in 118 countries for women and 98 countries for men with a posterior probability of more than 0·80. The largest improvement in treatment coverage was in some countries from central and western Europe and Latin America (Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Costa Rica), Canada, South Korea, Russia, Seychelles, and Jordan. There was no increase in treatment coverage in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa; the Caribbean; Pacific island nations; and south, southeast, and central Asia. In 2022, age-standardised treatment coverage was lowest in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, and treatment coverage was less than 10% in some African countries. Treatment coverage was 55% or higher in South Korea, many high-income western countries, and some countries in central and eastern Europe (eg, Poland, Czechia, and Russia), Latin America (eg, Costa Rica, Chile, and Mexico), and the Middle East and north Africa (eg, Jordan, Qatar, and Kuwait).InterpretationIn most countries, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, diabetes treatment has not increased at all or has not increased sufficiently in comparison with the rise in prevalence. The burden of diabetes and untreated diabetes is increasingly borne by low-income and middle-income countries. The expansion of health insurance and primary health care should be accompanied with diabetes programmes that realign and resource health services to enhance the early detection and effective treatment of diabetes.FundingUK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
