43 research outputs found
Extraction Techniques for Plant-Based Bio-active Compounds
No full textOmeroglu, Perihan Yolci/0000-0001-8254-3401; Tamer, Canan Ece/0000-0003-0441-1707; Ozdal, Tugba/0000-0001-8344-5336; ACOGLU CELIK, BUSRA/0000-0002-6079-1970Bio-active compounds include terpenoids, alkaloids, nitrogen-containing compounds, organosulfur compounds, and phenolics. Plant-based bio-active compounds show antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immunostimulatory activity, anticancer activity, antioxidant activity, etc. Due to higher benefits of bio-active compounds, they have been used for the manufacturing of food supplements and food additives and as an alternative to drugs and an ingredient for foods to increase their functionality. The extraction is the main step to obtain a desired bio-active compound from the plant materials. Since bio-active compounds are synthesized in small quantities in plants and embedded within the plant matrix, sometimes complexed with other compounds in the plant, their proper extraction method is very crucial. There are two main extraction methods used for bio-active compounds: classical or conventional methods and nonconventional methods. The classical methods include soxhlet extraction, maceration, infusion, percolation, digestion, decoction, steam, and hydrodistillation. The disadvantages of conventional methods include higher consumption of organic solvents with higher purity, higher cost, lower extraction efficiency, long processing time, and higher temperature. Therefore, as an alternative to classical extraction methods, nonconventional methods have been applied extensively so far. Nonconventional methods were referred to as green technologies. Since energy and organic solvent consumption are reduced, those methods can be regarded as beneficial to the environment. The most important methods are ultrasound-, enzyme-, microwave-, and pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. The extraction yields of bio-active compounds are strongly bound on the extraction method, physicochemical properties of the plant material, extraction solvent, temperature, pressure, and time. The present chapter focuses on the technologies used for the extraction of plant-based bio-active compounds and comparison of advantages and disadvantages of the methods and summarizes the recent advances in this field
Rheological properties of pestil enriched wheat, potato and corn flour using simplex lattice mixture design
No full textIn this study, pestil was made using various concentrations of wheat, corn, and potato flours and the ideal flour combination amounts were determined using the simplex lattice mixture design technique. The apparent viscosity, G' (elastic modulus), G'' (viscous modulus), and tan δ (G''/G') analyses were determined. In all samples, it is seen that viscosity reduces while shear rate increases. This type of behaviour is pseudoplastic behaviour. While the highest apparent viscosity was observed in the 13th sample (12 g/100 g potato flour), the lowest was seen in the 11th sample (12 g/100 g wheat flour). In all samples, the elastic modulus (G') was higher than the viscous modulus (G''). The ANOVA table shows that linear data have a significant (p<0.05) effect on apparent viscosity, G', G'', and tan δ values. In general, formulations using potato flour show higher apparent viscosity values. Also, it is observed that the tan δ, G', G'' and apparent viscosity values increase with the addition of potato flour. © 2024 by the author(s)
Microwave-Assisted Hot Air Drying of Orange Snacks: Drying Kinetics, Thin Layer Modeling, Quality Attributes, and Phenolic Profiles
No full textPandiselvam, R./0000-0003-0996-8328; Ozkan Karabacak, Azime/0000-0003-4175-4477; ACOGLU CELIK, BUSRA/0000-0002-6079-1970Citrus fruits, regarded as a prominent fruit crop, are cultivated extensively around the globe and orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a widely cultivated popular member of the citrus family. Dried oranges have gained recognition as a healthy snack option among consumers and worldwide markets due to the absence of additional ingredients such as sugar and chemicals, whilst yet containing significant natural beneficial components. The drying method is very intriguing due to its ability to facilitate the efficient production, packaging, storage, and transportation of dried oranges at a cost-effective price. In this study, the effects of microwave pretreatment (Mpt) (90 W, 30 min) on hot air drying (HTAD-MW) (60, 70, and 80 degrees C) were investigated, along with the effects on the drying kinetics, rehydration capacity, and quality properties of the orange snack including phenolic compounds (vanillic acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, hesperidin, naringenin, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, and o-coumaric acid), antioxidant capacities (with DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods), and ascorbic acid contents. For modeling the kinetics of orange snack drying in all tests, logarithmic, Wang and Singh's, diffusion approach, two term, and Wang and Sing's models performed best. Hot air drying (HTAD) at 70 degrees C applied orange snacks showed the lowest Delta E*ab value, and the color values were close to those of fresh orange slices. The levels of total and individual phenolics, antioxidant capacity (AC), and ascorbic acid (AA) in dried orange snacks were found to be significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the fresh orange slices. Results also showed that HTAD-MW-applied orange snacks contained more total phenolic (TP) content, individual phenolic content, and AC but lower AA than HTAD-applied samples. The highest amount of phenolic compound was hesperidin for fresh and dried orange snacks. The method that best preserves the TP content and AC of dried orange snacks was found at the drying condition of HTAD-MW at 60 degrees C. As a conclusion, it was suggested that the use of microwave and hot air combination is a promising method to introduce a new functional healthy snack to the dried product market with high quality.Bursa Uludagbreve; niversitesi [FHIZ-2022-843]; Scientific Research Project Office of Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, TurkeyThe Scientific Research Project Office of Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (Project No: FHIZ-2022-843) funded this research
The Effect of Household Food Processing on Pesticide Residues in Oranges (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>)
No full textIn this study, the effect of various household food-processing methods (washing, peeling, processing into jam and fruit juice, freezing, storage) on pesticide residues (abamectin, buprofezin, ethoxazole, imazalil, and thiophanate-methyl) in oranges was investigated. Residue analyses were performed by quick-easy-cheap-efficient-rugged-safe (QuEChERS) extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The limit of quantification of the method for each pesticide was 10 µg/kg. Physicochemical properties of the pesticides and the type of the food process had a considerable effect on the fate of pesticide residue. Pesticide residues were mostly dispersed on orange peels and washing with tap water decreased the residue levels by 26–84%. The amount of residue in oranges was reduced by 63–100% during fruit juice processing, while residues were removed by 90–100% after jam processing. Pesticides with a high octanol–water coefficient were absorbed by the wax of the orange peel, therefore they remained on the peel and could not easily be removed by washing. Moreover, pesticides with lower water solubility did not diffuse easily through the fruit juices from the pulp section of the fruit. The processing factor was greater than 1 for the separation of the orange peel and less than 1 for the washing step and jam and fruit juice productions
Monuments et inscriptions de la ville de Buṣrā aux époques umayyade et salǧūqide
No full textPostgraduate thesis by Solange Ory, original copy annotated by the author, taken from her archive held at the Media Library of the Mediterranean House of Social Sciences and Humanities (Maison méditerranéenne des sciences humaines et sociales - Mmsh).Excerpt from the foreword: "The classification of the Max van Berchen archives in Geneva, intended to serve as a basis for the continued compilation of the Corpus of Arabic Epigraphy, is the origin of this work. Our goal at the time was solely to study the inscriptions with a view to compiling the Corpus of Busra. Our harvest was abundant and the results of this initial investigation quadrupled the number of inscriptions. [...]This new direction – the archaeological study of Islamic monuments – added to what was originally intended to be only the Corpus of Arabic Inscriptions of Busra, led us to consider writing this work in two volumes. Indeed, we do not currently have the necessary documentation to study the citadel and the various buildings attached to it, the plans of which were drawn up during the excavation of the theatre.To ensure unity and balance in each of the two volumes, we have divided the study of the monuments and inscriptions of Busra into two parts:- monuments and inscriptions from the Umayyad and Seljuk periods.- monuments and inscriptions from the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods.In the first part, we also dealt with the epitaphs in the cemeteries, grouped in part around the monuments from the periods studied, the study of which constitutes a whole.In the second volume, we will add to the Ayyubid and Mamluk monuments the inscriptions scattered throughout various modern buildings in the city – a dispersion due to the reuse of the materials on which the inscriptions were engraved – which are currently preserved in the Lapidary Museum of the Citadel."Thèse de Troisième Cycle de Solange Ory, exemplaire original annoté par l'auteure, tiré de son fonds d'archives conservé à la Médiathèque de la Maison méditerranéenne des sciences humaines et sociales.Extrait de l'avant propos : "Le classement des archives Max van Berchen à Genève, destiné à servir de base à la poursuite de la rédaction des Corpus d’Épigraphie arabe, est à l'origine de cet ouvrage. Notre but visait alors uniquement l'étude des inscriptions en vue de la rédaction du Corpus de Busra. Notre moisson fut abondante et les résultats de cette première enquête quadruplèrent le nombre d'inscriptions. [...]Cette orientation nouvelle - étude archéologique des monuments islamiques - ajoutée à ce qui, primitivement, ne devait être que le Çorpus des Inscriptions arabes de Busra, nous amena à envisager la rédaction de cet ouvrage en deux volumes. En effet, nous ne disposons pas actuellement de la documentation nécessaire à l'étude de la citadelle et des diverses constructions qui y étaient annexées et dont les plans ont été relevés lors du déblaiement du théâtre.Pour assurer unité et équilibre à chacun des deux volumes, nous avons divisé l'étude des monuments et inscriptions de Busra en deux parties :- les monuments et inscriptions des périodes umayyade et salguqide.- les monuments et inscriptions des périodes ayyubide et mameluke.Dans la première partie, nous avons également traité des épitaphes des cimetières groupés en partie, autour des monuments des périodes étudiées et dont l'étude constitue un tout.Dans le second volume, nous ajouterons aux monuments ayyübides et mameluks les inscriptions dispersées dans différentes constructions modernes de la ville - dispersion due au remploi des matériaux sur lesquels elles étaient gravées les inscriptions déplacées qui sont actuellement conservées au Musée lapidaire de la citadelle.
Monuments et inscriptions de la ville de Buṣrā aux époques umayyade et salǧūqide
No full textPostgraduate thesis by Solange Ory, original copy annotated by the author, taken from her archive held at the Media Library of the Mediterranean House of Social Sciences and Humanities (Maison méditerranéenne des sciences humaines et sociales - Mmsh).Excerpt from the foreword: "The classification of the Max van Berchen archives in Geneva, intended to serve as a basis for the continued compilation of the Corpus of Arabic Epigraphy, is the origin of this work. Our goal at the time was solely to study the inscriptions with a view to compiling the Corpus of Busra. Our harvest was abundant and the results of this initial investigation quadrupled the number of inscriptions. [...]This new direction – the archaeological study of Islamic monuments – added to what was originally intended to be only the Corpus of Arabic Inscriptions of Busra, led us to consider writing this work in two volumes. Indeed, we do not currently have the necessary documentation to study the citadel and the various buildings attached to it, the plans of which were drawn up during the excavation of the theatre.To ensure unity and balance in each of the two volumes, we have divided the study of the monuments and inscriptions of Busra into two parts:- monuments and inscriptions from the Umayyad and Seljuk periods.- monuments and inscriptions from the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods.In the first part, we also dealt with the epitaphs in the cemeteries, grouped in part around the monuments from the periods studied, the study of which constitutes a whole.In the second volume, we will add to the Ayyubid and Mamluk monuments the inscriptions scattered throughout various modern buildings in the city – a dispersion due to the reuse of the materials on which the inscriptions were engraved – which are currently preserved in the Lapidary Museum of the Citadel."Thèse de Troisième Cycle de Solange Ory, exemplaire original annoté par l'auteure, tiré de son fonds d'archives conservé à la Médiathèque de la Maison méditerranéenne des sciences humaines et sociales.Extrait de l'avant propos : "Le classement des archives Max van Berchen à Genève, destiné à servir de base à la poursuite de la rédaction des Corpus d’Épigraphie arabe, est à l'origine de cet ouvrage. Notre but visait alors uniquement l'étude des inscriptions en vue de la rédaction du Corpus de Busra. Notre moisson fut abondante et les résultats de cette première enquête quadruplèrent le nombre d'inscriptions. [...]Cette orientation nouvelle - étude archéologique des monuments islamiques - ajoutée à ce qui, primitivement, ne devait être que le Çorpus des Inscriptions arabes de Busra, nous amena à envisager la rédaction de cet ouvrage en deux volumes. En effet, nous ne disposons pas actuellement de la documentation nécessaire à l'étude de la citadelle et des diverses constructions qui y étaient annexées et dont les plans ont été relevés lors du déblaiement du théâtre.Pour assurer unité et équilibre à chacun des deux volumes, nous avons divisé l'étude des monuments et inscriptions de Busra en deux parties :- les monuments et inscriptions des périodes umayyade et salguqide.- les monuments et inscriptions des périodes ayyubide et mameluke.Dans la première partie, nous avons également traité des épitaphes des cimetières groupés en partie, autour des monuments des périodes étudiées et dont l'étude constitue un tout.Dans le second volume, nous ajouterons aux monuments ayyübides et mameluks les inscriptions dispersées dans différentes constructions modernes de la ville - dispersion due au remploi des matériaux sur lesquels elles étaient gravées les inscriptions déplacées qui sont actuellement conservées au Musée lapidaire de la citadelle.
Sistem Waris Penduduk Pribumi Mandala Desa Campursari Kecamatan Megang Sakti Kabupaten Musi Rawas Perfektif Hukum Islam di Indonesia
No full textThe purpose of the study was to figure out how the inheritance system differences of the indigenous mandala population with islamic law. Indigenous residents are natives who settled in Mandala designation of the Megang Sakti Campusari Village area of Musi Rawas County South Sumatra Province. This research is field research or field research. In reviewing primary data obtained from author interviews using a qualitative approach. From the research done then the authors get the results of the study that the inheritance system of the Indigenous Mandala population is incompatible with the syarat’ and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). It is due to Islamic law and KHI article 174. Kinship due to the nasab is not only the descendant of the lower heir, but rather there are from the ancestors of the upward heir like father or grandfather and sideways like siblings and a father of heir. The part of the boy's inheritance when heirs with daughters is twice the part of girls, meaning the part of girls half of the part of boys. It is set in articles 176 to 182 KHI. In article 209 KHI the adopted child section is restricted to a maximum of one-third of the inheritance property through mandatory will
Cytopathologist-performed and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology enhances diagnostic accuracy and avoids pitfalls: An overview of 20 years of personal experience with a selection of didactic cases
No full textOver the last few decades, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) has emerged as a SAFE (Simple, Accurate, Fast, Economical) diagnostic tool based on the morphologic evaluation of cells. The first and most important step in obtaining accurate results from FNA is to procure sufficient and representative material from the lesion and to appropriately transfer this material to the laboratory. Unfortunately, the most important aspect of this task occurs beyond the control of the cytopathologist, a key reason for obtaining unsatisfactory results with FNA. There is growing interest in the field of cytology in “cytopathologist-performed ultrasound (US)-guided FNA,” which has been reported to yield accurate results. The first author has been applying FNA in his own private cytopathology practice with a radiologist and under the guidance of US for more than 20 years. This study retrospectively reviews the utility of this practice. We present a selection of didactic examples under different headings that highlight the application of FNA by a cytopathologist, accompanied by US, under the guidance of a radiologist, in the form of an “outpatient FNA clinic.” The use of this technique enhances diagnostic accuracy and prevents pitfalls. The highlights of each case are also outlined as “take-home messages.”</jats:p
Coupling high-rate activated sludge process with aerobic granular sludge process for sustainable municipal wastewater treatment
No full textAchieving a neutral/positive energy balance without compromising discharge standards is one of the main goals of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in terms of sustainability. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology promises high treatment performance with low energy and footprint requirement. In this study, high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) process was coupled to AGS process as an energy-efficient pre-treatment option in order to increase energy recovery from municipal wastewater and decrease the particulate matter load of AGS process. Three different feeding strategies were applied throughout the study. AGS system was fed with raw municipal wastewater, with the effluent of HRAS process, and with the mixture of the effluent of HRAS process and raw municipal wastewater at Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3, respectively. Total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the effluent were less than 10 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, and 1.3 mg/L respectively at all stages. Fluctuations were observed in the denitrification performance due to changes in the influent COD/total nitrogen (TN) ratio. This study showed that coupling HRAS process with AGS process by feeding the AGS process with the mixture of HRAS process effluent and raw municipal wastewater could be an appropriate option for both increasing the energy recovery potential of WWTPs and enabling high effluent quality.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.BT/Environmental Biotechnolog
Primary and A-sludge treatment by anaerobic membrane bioreactors in view of energy-positive wastewater treatment plants
No full textEnergy-rich sludge can be obtained from primary clarifiers preceding biological reactors. Alternatively, the incoming wastewater can be sent to a very-high-loaded activated sludge system, i.e., a so-called A-stage. However, the effects of applying an A-stage instead of a primary clarifier, on the subsequent sludge digestion for long-term operation is still unknown. In this study, biogas production and permeate quality, and filterability characteristics were investigated in a lab-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor for primary sludge and A-stage sludge (A-sludge) treatment. A higher specific methane yield was obtained from digestion of A-sludge compared to primary sludge. Similarly, specific methanogenic activity was higher when the anaerobic membrane bioreactor was fed with A-sludge compared to primary sludge. Plant-wide mass balance analysis indicated that about 35% of the organic matter in wastewater was recovered as methane by including an A-stage, compared to about 20% with a primary clarifier.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Sanitary Engineerin
