139 research outputs found
Regulations and media literacy education on online sexual information: A Japanese perspective
No full textThis paper presents a Japanese perspective on measures against online sexual informaiton. A research queistion is set on what kinds of measures are required in order to protect youth from the harmful influence of online sexual informaiton. The paper firstly examines measures initiated by both national and local governments as well as by cell phone carriers, and secondly explores how to protect youth from potential online sexual dangers toward them. Lastly, the paper investigates the impact of online sexual information on Japanese young people's behaviors and values in comparison with that of other countries in an attempt to provide the basis for accurate measures. The results of the research found that online sexual information has some significant impact on young people, including the increase of the curiosity for sexual crimes. --Media literacy,Internet education,Mobile communications,Contents regulation,Harmful information,Child porngraphy
The effects of the calculation class in elementary school on student outcomes
No full textAbe M., Ohtake F., Sano S.. The effects of the calculation class in elementary school on student outcomes. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 76, 101360 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101360.We examine the impact of introducing a calculation class on the academic outcomes of elementary school students. The calculation class is characterized by instruction using an abacus (soroban in Japanese), a traditional calculation tool in Asia, and teaching by abacus instructors. The calculation class was introduced with time lags across schools and birth cohorts, which allows us to exploit the difference-in-differences strategy. Using administrative data from Amagasaki City in Japan, we find that the calculation class increases mathematics and Japanese scores by 0.145 and 0.0874 standard deviations, respectively. To explore possible mechanisms, we investigate the impact of the calculation class on students’ non-cognitive skills, academic behaviors at home, and the classroom environment. The results indicate that the calculation class improves non-cognitive skills, such as grit and motivation for studying. Furthermore, we find heterogeneous effects across gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and previous academic scores. Our estimation results show that the calculation class has a larger impact on the mathematics scores of female students, students from low-SES families, and previously low-performing students. Finally, we explore the long-term effects and find that, for female students, the impact tends to persist for one year after the class ends, but after that, the effects fade out
競泳選手の競技力とCOMT Val158Met多型の関係
No full textRecent studies have shown the contribution of genetic determinants to athletes' physical ability. However, despite the fact that cognitive abilities like self-control and stress-tolerance influence athletes' competitive performance, few studies to date have investigated the association between genetic polymorphism, which is linked to cognitive ability and athletic performance. The present study investigated the link between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are known to exert influences on dopaminergic neural function and competitive performance of swimmers. The results have revealed superior competitive performance in competitive swimmers with Met allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism than those with Val/Val genotype. The investigated SNPs of DRD2 and DRD3 were not associated with swimmer's competitive performance. This finding indicates that genetic polymorphism linked to cognitive ability influences the athletes' performance.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第987号 学位授与年月日:平成29年9月6日Author: Daisuke Abe, Hirokazu Doi, Taishi Asai, Mayuko Kimura, Tadashi Wada, Yuusuke Takahashi, Takaaki Matsumoto & Kazuyuki ShinoharaCitation: Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(4), pp.393-397; 201
2012年から2016年にかけてナイジェリア南東部で検出されたラッサウイルスの遺伝学的解析
No full textLassa virus (LASV) is endemic in parts of West Africa where it causes Lassa fever (LF), a viral hemorrhagic fever with frequent fatal outcomes. The diverse LASV strains are grouped into six major lineages based on the geographical location of the isolated strains. In this study, we have focused on the lineage II strains from southern Nigeria. We determined the viral sequences from positive cases of LF reported at tertiary hospitals in Ebonyi and Enugu between 2012 and 2016. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that 29 out of 123 suspected cases were positive for the virus among which 11 viral gene sequences were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete coding sequences of the four viral proteins revealed that lineage II strains are broadly divided into two genetic clades that diverged from a common ancestor 195 years ago. One clade, consisting of strains from Ebonyi and Enugu, was more conserved than the other from Irrua, although the four viral proteins were evolving at similar rates in both clades. These results suggested that the viruses of these clades have been distinctively evolving in geographically separate parts of southern Nigeria. Furthermore, the epidemiological data of the 2014 outbreak highlighted the role of human-to-human transmission in this outbreak, which was supported by phylogenetic analysis showing that 13 of the 16 sequences clustered together. These results provide new insights into the evolution of LASV in southern Nigeria and have important implications for vaccine development, diagnostic assay design, and LF outbreak management.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1107号 学位授与年月日:平成30年12月5日Author: Olamide K. Oloniniyi, Uche S. Unigwe, Sayaka Okada, Mayuko Kimura, Shota Koyano, Yukiko Miyazaki, Michael O. Iroezindu, Nnenna A. Ajayi, Chinedu M. Chukwubike, Nneka M. Chika-Igwenyi, Anne C. Ndu, Damian U. Nwidi, Haruka Abe, Shuzo Urata, Yohei Kurosaki, Jiro YasudaCitation: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 12(11), e0006971; 201
Backsliding to authoritarianism in Japan? State and civil responses to experiences of Japanese women repatriated from Manchuria
No full textThis chapter focuses on Japanese women’s groups’ relationships with the state. A military nation before 1947, Japan has presented itself as a democratic nation since, although its recent political direction invokes suspicions otherwise. Even civil society has been shaped by the state. The author questions Japan’s post-war democracy by examining how the state and civil society responded to sexual violence against Japanese women repatriated from Manchuria in the war’s aftermath. By analyzing the involvement of a women’s organization in the state’s project of supporting repatriates in the late 1940s, and feminists’ recent responses to issues of wartime sexual violence against Japanese women, the author argues that some aspects of Japanese society have been dubiously deemed democratic throughout the post-war period
The effect of sanctions on the evolution of cooperation in linear division of labor
No full textThe evolution of cooperation is an unsolved research topic and has been investigated from the viewpoint of not only biology and other natural sciences but also social sciences. Much extant research has focused on the evolution of cooperation among peers. While, different players belonging to different organizations play different social roles, and players playing different social roles cooperate together to achieve their goals. We focus on the evolution of cooperation in linear division of labor that is defined as follows: a player in the i-th role interacts with a player in the i + 1-th role, and a player in the n-th role achieves their goal (1 <= i < n) if there are n roles in the division of labor. We take the industrial waste treatment process as an example for illustration. We consider three organizational roles and B-i is the i-th role. The player of B; can choose two strategies: legal treatment or illegal dumping, which can be interpreted as cooperation or defection (i = 1-3). With legally required treatment, the player of B-j pays a cost to ask the player of Bj+1 to treat the waste (j = 1, 2). Then, the cooperator of Bj+1 pays a cost to treat the waste properly. With illegal dumping, the player of Bi dumps the waste and does not pay any cost (i= 1-3). However, the waste dumped by the defector has negative environmental consequences, which all players in all roles suffer from. This situation is equivalent to a social dilemma encountered in common-pool resource management contexts. The administrative organ in Japan introduces two sanction systems to address the illegal dumping problem: the actor responsibility system and the producer responsibility system. In the actor responsibility system, if players in any role who choose defection are monitored and discovered, they are penalized via a fine. However, it is difficult to monitor and detect the violators, and this system does not work well. While, in the producer responsibility system, the player in B-1 is fined if the player cannot hand the manifest to the local administrative organ because the players of B-i (i=1-3) who choose defection do not hand the manifest to the player of B-1. We analyze this situation using the replicator equation. We reveal that (1) the three-role model has more empirical credibility than the two-role model including B-1 and B-3, and (2) the producer responsibility system promotes the evolution of cooperation more than the system without sanctioning. (3) the actor responsibility system does not promote the evolution of cooperation if monitoring and detecting defectors is unsuccessful. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Desain Interior Museum dan Depo Penyimpanan Badan Arsip Jawa Timur dengan Konsep Edukasi
No full textArsip merupakan bukti sejarah dari sebuah peristiwa yang pernah terjadi. Keberadaan arsip sangat penting sebagai sumber informasi dan pengetahuan yang dapat menjadi dasar dari suatu pengambilan keputusan untuk generasi berikutnya. Namun, hal ini belum banyak disadari oleh generasi remaja. Kebanyakan dari mereka menganggap arsip hanyalah dokumen lama yang kurang begitu bernilai. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah kurangnya sistem pameran arsip yang didesain khusus agar sesuai dengan minat remaja. Selama ini, Arsip yang bernilai penting bagi suatu daerah hanya disimpan secara khusus di Badan Kearsipan, salah satunya adalah Badan Kearsipan Wonokromo Jawa Timur. Hal ini ditujukan untuk menjaga keberadaan arsip agar tidak rusak. Namun, arsip yang lama disimpan apabila tidak diperkenalkan ke generasi muda akan terlupakan nilai kepentinganya. Untuk itu diperlukan desain yang menyelesaikan dua masalah tersebut. Untuk memberikan solusi terkait permasalahan diatas, penulis melakukan observasi lapangan, pembagian kuisioner dan wawancara kepada pihak terkait agar mendapatkan data yang lebih jelas tentang permasalahan pada Desain Interior Badan Arsip Wonokromo Jawa Timur . Selain itu, penulis juga melakukan studi pustaka tentang standarisasi Badan Kearsipan dari literatur yang telah ada. Data yang telah didapat kemudian diolah dengan analisa induktif, analisa semiotika, analisa deskriptif dan analisa komparasi pengaruhnya terhadap proses desain interior, sehingga didapatkan konsep. Konsep yang diambil untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pada Badan Arsip yaitu Desain Interior yang Edukatif. Edukatif dipilih karena sesuai dengan tujuan pengunjung yang datang ke Badan Arsip, yaitu mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang sejarah dan sistem kearsipan. Konsep edukatif yang dipilih dibagi menjadi 3 metode implementasi berdasarkan pengguna masing-masing area. Pengaplikasian konsep edukasi dikombinasikan dengan aspek Environmental Graphic Design dari Brand Identity Badan Arsip sendiri untuk lebih meningkatkan Brand Awareness masyarakat sehingga dapat meningkatkan minat pengunjung museum arsip.
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Archives are historical evidence of an event that was occurred. The existence of archives is very important as a source of information and knowledge that can be the basis of a decision making for the next generation. However, this has not been realized by many young generation. Most of them consider archives to be just old documents with little value. One of the contributing factors is the lack of an archive exhibition that specifically designed to suit the interests of teenagers. So far, archives with value only stored specifically by goverment in the Badan Kearsipan. In Jawa Timur, a lot of archives stored at Badan Kearsipan Wonokromo. This place is build to maintain the existence of the archive so it is not damaged by external factor, such as extreme climate or fungus. However, archives that have been stored for a long time if they are not introduced to young generation will be forgotten by their importance. For this reason, a design is needed to solve the problems. The authors conducted field observations, divided questionnaires and interviewed relevant parties to obtain data about the problems in the Interior Design of the Archives of Wonokromo East Java. In addition, the author also conducted a literature study about the standardization of the Archives Agency from the existing literature. After that, the author process the data using descriptive analysis and comparative analysis to find the right concept that can solve the problems. The concept is taken to solve problems in the Badan Kearsipan Wonokromo namely Educative Interior Design. Educative is chosen because it suits the purpose of visitors who come to the Archive Agency, they want to get knowledge about history and the filing system. Educative concept is separate to be 3 different methode depends on the visitor of each area. The application of this concept combined with Environmental Graphic Design and Brand Identity of Archive Agency itself to attract more visitiors to come
Establishment of a newly improved detection system for NF-κB activity
No full textThe transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays roles in apoptosis, inflammation and oncogenesis. It is important for biological and medical research to understand when proteins of interest are activated in cells, leading to the establishment of a luciferase/EGFP assay to monitor the activation of transcription factors. Here, we describe an improved reporter system for NF-κB, the NF-κB-activated transgene (NAT) system that can detect NF-κB signalling with high sensitivity and specificity. The NAT system consists of large copy numbers of NF-κB consensus sequence and a minimal promoter derived from the mouse interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene. Furthermore, we generated NAT systems with stable or unstable luciferase/EGFP proteins. Stable and unstable types of luciferase/EGFP are suitable for analyzing the accumulation of and the real-time activity of NF-κB signal, respectively. Our findings suggest that the NAT system is effective for in vivo imaging of NF-κB signalling using cells or animals
Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. Sp., a new branching annelid from Japan
No full text© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Aguado, M. T., Ponz-Segrelles, G., Glasby, C. J., Ribeiro, R. P., Nakamura, M., Oguchi, K., Omori, A., Kohtsuka, H., Fisher, C., Ise, Y., Jimi, N., & Miura, T. Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. Sp., a new branching annelid from Japan. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. (2022), https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00538-4.Among over 20,000 species of Annelida, only two branching species with a highly modified body-pattern are known until now: the Syllidae Syllis ramosa McIntosh, 1879, and Ramisyllis multicaudata Glasby et al. (Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481–497, 2012). Both have unusual ramified bodies with one head and multiple branches and live inside the canals of host sponges. Using an integrative approach (combining morphology, internal anatomy, ecology, phylogeny, genetic divergence, and the complete mitochondrial genome), we describe a new branching species from Japan, Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., inhabiting an undescribed species of Petrosia (Porifera: Demospongiae) from shallow waters. We compare the new species with its closest relative, R. multicaudata; emend the diagnosis of Ramisyllis; and discuss previous reports of S. ramosa. This study suggests a much higher diversity of branching syllids than currently known. Finally, we discuss possible explanations for the feeding behaviour in the new species in relation to its highly ciliated wall of the digestive tubes (especially at the distal branches and anus), and provide a hypothesis for the evolution of branching body patterns as the result of an adaptation to the host sponge labyrinthic canal system.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This study was financed by the Biodiversitätsmuseum (PI:MTA), Georg August University, Göttingen, and by Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research A (No. 18H04006) (PI:TM) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. GP-S was supported by the “Contratos Predoctorales para la Formación de Doctores 2016” program of MINECO, Spain (code: BES-2016–076419), co-financed by the European Social Found. RPR was supported by the program “Contratos predoctorales para Formación de Personal Investigador, FPI-UAM,” Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Pembelahan Politik Kiai NU di Pilgub Jatim 2018
No full textThe realm of East Java politics which has been known as the main community of Traditional Islam, bequeaths a separate record of the dynamics and political maneuvers of NU strategic elites (Kiai) in the context of 2018 East Java Pilgub. Similar political realities have occurred since the East Java Pilgub in 2008 and 2013 . One thing that is most useful and more in several perspectives is the change in political division among the NU East Java kiai in the 2018 Pilgub. Things that happened also in the East Java Pilgub 2008 and 2013 ago. The writing of this journal is preceded by the existence of research with qualitative methods with primary data collection through interviews with people who understand this case study and also supported by secondary data. The author will analyze the phenomena that occur with the cleavage theory described by Peter Mair (2014)
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