102,945 research outputs found
STUDI KASUS TENTANG KEGIATAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA MELALUI BELAJAR KELOMPOK
No full textPenuntun Belajar PPKN 2 (Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan)rnBerdasarkan Kurikulum Baru GBPP 1994
No full text
Penuntun Belajar PPKN 3 (Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan) rnBerdasarkan Kurikulum SMU 1994 : Untuk SMU Kelas III Caturwulan 1, 2, dan 3
No full textANALISIS ISI BUKU TEKS PPkn DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR YANG DAPAT MEMBERDAYAKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR SISWA SMA
Full text linkDisertasi ini melaporkan penelitian yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis unsur materi, pedagogis dan menguji tingkat keterbacaan buku teks PPKn SMA serta mengkaji kesesuaian buku teks dengan visi dan misi PPKn dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir siswa.Obyek kajian berupa buku teks Penerbit Yudhistira, Epsilon Grup, Erlangga dan Grafindo Media Pratama. Untuk memperoleh data yang akurat dilakukan studi dokumen, dan penyebaran kuesioner penilaian kualitas buku teks kepada para siswa dan guru SMA di Kota Bandung, selain itu digunakan wawancara dan tes keterbacaan buku teks.Kesimpulan akhir penelitian ini Pertama, isi buku teks PPKn SMA belum mengandung unsur-unsur yang secara mendasar memenuhi kriteria buku teks untuk dijadikan bahan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir siswa. Kedua, model buku teks yang dapat memberdayakan keterampilan berpikir secara umum terdiri dari tiga unsur yaitu unsur materi, unsur pembelajaran, dan unsur keterbacaan. Ketiga, tingkat kedalaman dan keluasan materi yang bersifat pengembangan pengetahuan kewarganegaraan (civic knowledge) yang terdapat dalam buku teks PPKn belum cukup. Begitu pula kedalaman pengembangan nilai dan sikap kewarganegaraan (civic dispositions) dan keterampilan kewarganegaraan (civic skills) belum cukup memadai. Keempat, bahan ajar, dan evaluasi dalam buku teks PPKn belum memberikan stimulus dan kemudahan pada siswa ke arah pemahaman dan peningkatan keterampilan berpikir yang serasi dengan tujuan pembelajaran PPKn di persekolahan. Faktor penyebabnya adalah penyusun masih terjebak pada tataran data, fakta, dan konsep yang sifatnya umum. Penyajiannya belum sampai pada fakta, konsep, yang sifatnya khusus, aktual, dan kontekstual dengan kadar kompetensi taksonomi yang tinggi. Demikian pula kandungan buku teks tidak banyak memiliki muatan pola pembelajaran kontekstual seperti model pemecahan masalah, inquiry sosial, tugas observasi lapangan, studi dokumen, dan penugasan pembuatan kliping dari media massa jarang ditemukan. Kelima, tingkat keterbacaan buku teks PPKn SMA kelas 2 berdasarkan hasil uji rumpang kepada 439 siswa menggambarkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa yaitu 325 (74,2%) tergolong pembaca frustasi atau pembaca gagal, sebagian kecil siswa 89 (20,2%) tergolong sedang atau instruksional, dan hanya 25 (5,6%) tergolong mudah atau independen. Dengan demikian buku teks PPKn SMA tergolong bacaan yang sukar dipahami. Hai tersebut dapat diasumsikan baik dari sajian materi maupun bahasa mengandung berbagai kekurangan.Rekomendasi: 1) Guru: a) Mampu menghidupkan buku teks dalam transaksi pembelajaran; b) Memiliki pemahaman standar untuk menilai buku teks yang baik; 2) Siswa: Siswa dituntut bersifat proaktif atau kritis tertiadap buku teks yang digunakan. Apabila terdapat kekurangan, kekurangpahaman, ketidakjelasan dalam buku tersebut harus segera direspons; 3) Pengambil Kebijakan (Pemerintah): a) Sangat disarankan dengan tersusunnya panduan penulisan buku teks ini, pengembang kurikulum bisa memberikan gambaran atau rambu-rambu bagi guru dan para pakar kurikulum PPKn untuk dijadikan pegangan dalam pemilihan atau penggunaan buku teks yang tayak digunakan dalam pembelajaran di persekolahan. Demikian pula perlu untuk memberlakukan model panduan penulisan, yang memiliki standar penilaian kelayakan, sistem pengawasan, pola pembinaan bagi penulis dan penerbit serta memiliki konsistensi dan sanksi yang tegas, b) Hendaknya, buku teks PPKn diuji unsur kedalaman dan keluasan materi, unsur pedagogis dan keterbacaannya sebelum disebarluaskan; 4) Penulis: Unsur bahan materi yang baik dalam buku teks PPKn harus terdiri dari kandungan taksonomik yang tersebar dan berkadar tinggi serta memiliki hierarki pengetahuan dan proses berpikir yang tinggi pula. Begitu pula harus mampu mengembangkan materi yang berbasis pada nilai-moral dan budi pekerti, karena PPKn mengemban visi nation and character building, yakni sebagai sarana untuk membentuk kepribadian bangs
STUDI KASUS TENTANG KEGIATAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA MELALUI BELAJAR KELOMPOK
Full text linkElectrochemical Engineering aspects of a direct borohydride fuel cell
No full textFuel cells (FCs) are clean power sources for both large-scale and portable applications, as they provide a viable method to convert the chemical energy of fuel directly into electrical energy. The most developed FC is the H2ǁO2 system, which uses hydrogen as fuel. However, issues have been observed with the use of hydrogen, such as sourcing, the safety of handling and storage problems. Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are liquid FCs that address some of these issues. They are composed of both BH4 - fuel, which oxidises at the anode, and hydrogen peroxide (or O2), which reduces at the cathode. Their many advantages, such as their high theoretical specific energy (up to 17 kW h kg-1) and high theoretical cell voltage (up to 3.02 V), have attracted increasing interest. Borohydride is also available in a solid state (sodium borohydride, NaBH4) or as an aqueous electrolyte up to 30 weight percent (wt.%), where it remains unchanged in a strong alkaline solution with a half-life of around 270 days at pH 13.9 (25 o C). Moreover, the final product of the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) is metaborate (NaBO2), which is not harmful to the environment and can be reused to produce sodium borohydride again. Finally, borohydride FCs can operate under ambient conditions and in an air-free environment, which makes them more convenient for portable and anaerobic applications (such as in space and underwater). The main challenges to their commercialisation, however, are the selectivity of the anode catalysts and their substrate materials. Many publications have investigated noble metals (e.g. platinum, gold, palladium, etc.) as candidate materials, but none have found an anode catalyst able to meet the needs of both high catalytic activity towards BH4 - oxidation and low activity towards its hydrolysis. Experimentally, Pt catalysts have shown a higher activity rate (by a factor of 10) and lower onset potential of BH4 - oxidation compared to Au. Bimetallic ii electrocatalysts (e.g. Au-Pt, Pt-Ni, Pt-Zn) have also presented considerable cell performance in contrast to single-metal catalysts. As Pt0.75-Ir0.25/Ti and Pt0.25-Ir0.75/Ti anode catalysts have not been studied in DBFCs, this research considers them. Employing 3D electrode materials, such as reticulated metals, is expected to enhance the reactants’ mass transport, avoid channel blocking, fully utilise the active sites, minimise the amount of noble metal required and thus simultaneously reduce electrode costs and increase cell power output. Moreover, optimising the operational conditions (temperature, reactant compositions, background materials, flow rate, etc.) of DBFCs will improve their performance. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate approaches to increase the overall performance and efficiency of a DBFC with the following research objectives: investigate the use of Pt-Ir alloys supported by titanium as anode materials for DBFCs; discover the optimal anode geometry among different 3D electrode materials by determining the volumetric mass-transfer coefficient using a limiting-current technique; and find the maximum power density of a DBFC using the optimal electrode through manipulation of operating conditions and electrolyte compositions. Pt0.75-Ir0.25/Ti and Pt0.25-Ir0.75/Ti anode catalysts have been characterised and evaluated, Pt0.75-Ir0.25/Ti being the most effective electrode for direct NaBH4 oxidation. Its reaction parameters – including the activation energy ("# #), the charge-transfer coefficient (α), the total number of electrons exchanged (z), the heterogeneous rate constant (ka) of the BH4 - oxidation process and reaction order (β) – were 18.6 kJ mol-1 , 0.59, 5.3, 0.40 cm s-1 and 0.87, respectively. Among 3D electrode materials, the fine mesh showed the best performance. Finally, the operating conditions were discovered to have a significant influence on the cell power density. For example, the cell performance showed a dependence on the operating temperature, that is, the reaction kinetics at the anode and cathode were promoted when it rose. The peak power density also increased dramatically, from 93 to 162 mW cm-2 (~75%), when the temperature elevated from 25 to 65 o C. Keywords: borohydride oxidation, 3D electrode, iridium, limiting current, mass transport, platinum, porous electrode, operating condition
Nilai Budaya Tradisi Dieng Culture Festival sebagai Kearifan Lokal untuk Membangun Karakter Bangsa
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai budaya tradisi Dieng Culture Festival yang berperan sebagai kearifan lokal dalam upaya untuk membangun karakter bangsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) persepsi masyarakat terhadap transformasi nilai budaya tradisi Dieng Culture Festival secara turun-temurun tanpa mengubah makna sebenarnya; (2) adanya relevansi antara kearifan lokal terhadap pembangunan karakter bangsa karena nilai kearifan lokal bukan sebagai hal yang menghambat pada era globalisasi, melainkan menjadi kekuatan besar dalam membangun karakter bangsa.
Cultural Value of “Dieng Culture Festival” Tradition as a Local Wisdom for Building the Nation Character: Case Study at Dieng Plateau. This study aims to know the value of cultural tradition of Dieng Culture Festival which serves as the local wisdom in an effort to build the national character. The research is qualitative with the case study method. The data collection techniques used by researchers include: observation, interviews and documentation. The analysis technique used in this study include: triangulation of sources and triangulation techniques. The results show that: (1) the perception of community about transformation of Dieng Culture Festival without changing the actual meaning; (2) the relevance of local wisdom with the character of the nation
ANALISIS KONSEP HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM BUKU TEKS PPKn UNTUK MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA (Analisis Deskriptif Siswa Kelas XI SMA di Kota Bandung)
Full text linkIndonesia is a country that has diversity, both in language, culture, ethnicity, religion or skin color. Supposedly this difference makes Indonesia the country into a peaceful, prosperous, and free from suffering. Therefore, dipersekolahan already must teach about the importance of human rights. Dibelajarkan human rights material in civics intended as an effort to increase students' knowledge and awareness of human rights. The aim is to prevent students from doing acts contrary to human rights and discriminatory behavior based on differences resulting human rights violations. Human rights violations are not only usually carried out by local police officers, the public can commit human rights violations are severe.Generally, this study aimed to describe the analysis of human rights concepts in textbooks PPKn to shape the character of the students. In particular, this study aims to test and find the relationship of human rights concepts and attitudes implement values-based character PPKn textbook to shape the character of students. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis research method. Sources of data in this study were teachers and students of class XI High School in Bandung and documents. Techniques of collecting data using interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis procedures consisted of normality test, descriptive analysis, multiple correlation analysis, data display, and inference data. The results showed that a) The concept of human rights in textbooks PPKn presented not only focuses on the acquisition of cognitive, but also includes the development of attitudes and behavior of students. b) The attitude of the students in carrying out the character values must emerge from consciousness so that it can be implemented, both in the family, school and community; and c) The concept of human rights in textbooks dealing PPKn very powerful in shaping the character of students
- …
