1,721,197 research outputs found
Perjalanan Kejayaan Kerajaan Safawi Masa Abbas I dan Regresi Kerajaan Safawi Di Persia Sepeninggal Abbas I
Get PDFAfter Shah Abbas I died in 1629, the Safawi Kingdom began to decline. Abbas I brought Safawi to the pinnacle of glory with political stability, a strong military, and a thriving economy. However, his successor, Shah Safi I, was unable to maintain the achievement. His government was weakened by reliance on incompetent advisers and widespread corruption. In addition, external threats such as the Ottoman and Uzbek Empire attacks further exacerbated the situation. They took advantage of the Safavid weakness to expand their territory and undermine the stability of the kingdom. The previously prosperous economy also began to collapse due to the inability of the rulers to manage trade. Various rebellions and internal conflicts have further undermined the Safavid power. The rulers after Abbas I were unable to restore political and economic power, which ultimately led the kingdom to collapse in the mid-18th century. This paper examines the factors that led to the decline of the Safavid post-Abbas I
Dinasti Ṣafawi: Perkembangan Seni Arsitektur Dan Lukisan Masa Shah Abbas I (1588-1629 M)
No full textDalam sejarahnya, menurut Oleg Grabar, seni arsitektur hampir selalu
diangkat sebagai simbol keagungan sebuah kekuasaan. Tetapi, berbeda dengan
yang dilakukan oleh Shah Abbas I dari Dinasti Ṣafawi, Persia. Ia mengangkat isu
ekonomi dalam rencana pembangunannya. Salah satu aspek penting yang
mendukung tujuan tersebut adalah arsitektur dan lukisan. Keduanya merupakan
?kemasan? yang sangat menarik sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya tarik dari para
wisatawan asing berkunjung ke negerinya sebagai pendapatan negara.
Berdasarkan pada hal tersebut, kajian tentang perkembangan seni,
khususnya arsitektur dan lukisan, masa pra hingga Shah Abbas I, menarik ditelaah
lebih jauh guna melihat konstruksi budaya yang dapat dijadikan pelajaran di masa
kini, khususnya di Indonesia yang kaya akan budaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan
dengan pendekatan sejarah seni, yaitu bagaimana seni berkembang di masa
Dinasti Ṣafawi dan bagaimana seni dapat turut memengaruhi perkembangan
ekonomi.
Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa inovasi dalam bidang seni yang dilakukan
Shah Abbas I sebenarnya melanjutkan apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Tahmasp I,
hanya saja ia memberikan perbedaan yang jelas dengan membangun kota imperial
Isfahan dan secara tidak langsung ia juga melakukan branding terhadap barangbarang
artistik, dengan mewakafkannya pada tempat-tempat ziarah suci, seperti
permata, karpet, porselen dan manuskrip ilustratif, yang kemudian barang-barang
tersebut menjadi populer untuk digunakan sebagai hadiah ataupun barang wakaf,
tetapi yang paling populer adalah karpet. Selain itu, dukungan Shah Abbas I
terhadap berbagai kegiatan artistik, khususnya arsitektur dan lukisan, juga
memberikan pengaruh terhadap berkembang dan populernya barang-barang seni
dan mewah dalam kegiatan ekonomi. Dan dari penelitian ini penulis juga
mendapati bahwa tempat ziarah merupakan tempat yang sangat penting dalam
kehidupan Dinasti Ṣafawi. Hal ini terlihat ketika Shah Abbas I merekonstruksi
dan menyumbangkan sejumlah dana yang sangat besar ke beberapa tempat ziarah,
yang hasil sumbangan tersebut sangat membantu kehidupan masyarakat yang
tinggal di sekitar tempat ziarah itu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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