1,721,087 research outputs found
Fusarium mycotoxins diminishes wound repair and induce apoptosis in rat intestinal epithelial cells
No full textAnti-Inflammatory Effects of Algae-Derived Biomolecules in Gut Health: A Review
No full textUnder physiological conditions, the inflammatory response acts as a biological defense against tissue damage or infection, and is rapidly resolved once the infection is cleared. However, chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have become increasingly widespread in the last decades, placing a burden on the quality of life of affected people and on healthcare systems worldwide. Available drug therapies are often ineffective due to the chronic nature of these diseases, and prolonged administration of drugs can result in severe side effects for the patient or a lack of efficacy. In addition, there is the growing problem of bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics. Together, these factors have led to a strong research focus on the discovery of natural products capable of treating IBD. Recently, there has been a growing interest in compounds derived from marine sources, mainly algae, due to their bioactive secondary metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties well known in the literature. Based on this evidence, this review aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of algae-derived biomolecules in IBD. In particular, interesting species from green algae (e.g., Chlorella vulgaris and Ulva pertusa), brown algae (e.g., Macrocystis pyrifera and Ecklonia cava) and red algae (e.g., Porphyra tenera and Grateloupia turuturu) are included in this review due to their proven anti-inflammatory properties. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted using several databases. The results suggest that both macroalgae and microalgae have remarkable potential for IBD therapy due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of their bioactive compounds. However, while the preclinical evidence is encouraging, further and long-term clinical studies are needed to better understand their mechanisms of action in order to determine the true efficacy of marine algae in the treatment of IBD
Pro-apoptotic effects of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol trichothecenes in J774A.1 murine macrophages.
No full textNivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are trichothecenes mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi
that occur in cereal grains alone or in combination. Several studies have shown that exposure to high
concentrations of these mycotoxins resulted in decreased cell proliferation; however, the molecular
mechanism underlying their activities are still partially known.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of NIV and DON, alone and in combination, on J7741.A
macrophages viability. The results of the current study show that both NIV and DON (10–100M) significantly
stimulate apoptosis in J774A.1 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner; in particular,
NIV results a stronger pro-apoptotic effect than DON on cultured J774A.1 murine macrophages. No interactive
effectswere observed by exposing J774A.1 cells to both NIV andDONsimultaneously. Pro-apoptotic
activity induced by bothmycotoxins seems to be essentiallymediated by caspase-3 and is associated with
a cell cycle blocking in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, our results show that NIV and DON are able to influence
apoptotic pathway by ERK, pro-apoptotic protein Bax, caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose synthase (PARP),
DNA repairing enzyme
Nuovi modelli cellulari nella valutazione tossicologica di contaminanti organici persistenti: cellule epiteliali intestinali (IEC-6)
No full textNuovi modelli cellulari nella valutazione tossicologica di contaminanti organici persistenti: cellule epiteliali intestinali (IEC-6
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Update on acute bone and joint infections in paediatrics: A narrative review on the most recent evidence-based recommendations and appropriate antinfective therapy
Full text linkAcute bone and joint infections (BJIs) in children may clinically occur as osteomyelitis (OM) or septic arthritis (SA). In clinical practice, one-third of cases present a combination of both conditions. BJIs are usually caused by the haematogenous dissemination of septic emboli carried to the terminal blood vessels of bone and joints from distant infectious processes during transient bacteraemia. Early diagnosis is the cornerstone for the successful management of BJI, but it is still a challenge for paediatricians, particularly due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and to the poor specificity of the laboratory and imaging first-line tests that are available in emergency departments. Moreover, microbiological diagnosis is often difficult to achieve with common blood cultures, and further investigations require invasive procedures. The aim of this narrative review is to provide the most recent evidence-based recommendations on appropriate antinfective therapy in BJI in children. We conducted a review of recent literature by examining the MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) database using the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used were “osteomyelitis”, OR “bone infection”, OR “septic arthritis”, AND “p(a)ediatric” OR “children”. When BJI diagnosis is clinically suspected or radiologically confirmed, empiric antibiotic therapy should be started as soon as possible. The choice of empiric antimicrobial therapy is based on the most likely causative pathogens according to patient age, immunisation status, underlying disease, and other clinical and epidemiological considerations, including the local prevalence of virulent pathogens, antibiotic bioavailability and bone penetration. Empiric antibiotic treatment consists of a short intravenous cycle based on anti-staphylococcal penicillin or a cephalosporin in children aged over 3 months with the addition of gentamicin in infants aged under 3 months. An oral regimen may be an option depending on the bioavailability of antibiotic chosen and clinical and laboratory data. Strict clinical and laboratory follow-up should be scheduled for the following 3–5 weeks. Further studies on the optimal therapeutic approach are needed in order to understand the best first-line regimen, the utility of biomarkers for the definition of therapy duration and treatment of complications
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