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    Establishment of the antiviral state in alpha, beta-interferon-resistant Friend cells treated with gamma-interferon. Induction of 67-kilodalton protein kinase activity in absence of detectable 2-5A synthetase.

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    International audienceTreatment with murine gamma-interferon (IFN) preparations of variant sublines of Friend leukemia cells resistant to the alpha, beta IFN-induced antiviral state (Affabris, E., Jemma, C., and Rossi, G.B. (1982) Virology 120, 441-452; Affabris, E., Romeo, G., Belardelli, F., Jemma, C., Mechti, N., Gresser, I., and Rossi, G. B. (1983) Virology 125, 508-512) results in the establishment of a bona fide antiviral state. In fact, gamma IFN preparations are able to induce a dose-dependent reduction of endogenous virus release and of vesicular stomatitis or encephalomyocarditis viruses yields (up to 1.5 log). Under these experimental conditions, no inducible 2-5A synthetase activity is detectable in cell extracts. The 67-kDa protein kinase, uninducible by treatment with alpha, beta IFN (up to 13,000 units/ml), is instead induced upon treatment with gamma IFN at a similar rate of activity as in wild-type Friend leukemia cells, both when assayed in solution and after immobilization on poly(rI) X poly(rC)-agarose

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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