2,436 research outputs found
Laha (Na Tay) audio word list
No full text<p>On a chilly morning in February 13, 2014, I went to Pi Toong commune, Mường La district, Sơn La province, Vietnam and found that there was one isolated Laha village there called Nà Tạy. The name of the village is in Black Thai, where Nà means 'field', and Tạy is a kind of wild edible fruit found in the local forests. Nà Tạy is located in a relatively flat area closer to the river, with higher-quality arable land and rice fields surrounding it. This points to the historically earlier arrival of the Laha, as they were able to secure better farming land than later migrants such as the Black Thai and Hmong.<br>
<br>
Another isolated Laha village in Pi Toong commune is located about 25 km away. 2 or 3 Kháng villages (incl. bản Pá Hơp) are located over 40 km away in Nậm Giông commune, on the other side of the Sông Đà river. Most of the houses in the Laha village are on stilts, and the women dress just like that Black Thai (Thai Dam), with topknot hairstyles. The khaen mouth organ of the Black Thai is not played by the Laha in this village. Fortunately, the children still speak Laha. Villagers report that the Laha villages in Mường Bú and Chieng Xom communes, closer to Sơn La City, cannot speak Laha anymore but can still understand some of it.<br>
<br>
My informant was Quàng Văn Chiêu (male, born Sept. 26, 1989; completely fluent in Vietnamese, Laha, and Black Thai).<br>
<br>
Laha of Noong Lay commune (which Edmondson had researched) preserves final -l and initial Cl-, but Pi Toong does not. However, r- / -r- (initial/medial r; sometimes a retroflex and sometimes an alveolar trill; I think they're in complementary distribution) is very interesting, and may point to retroflexes in Proto-Kra. Noong Lay Laha has d- instead of r-. v- also comes as a surprise, as it is not present in either Noong Lay or Ta Mit Laha.</p>
<ul>
<li>Laha (Noong Lay) phl- : Laha (Pi Toong) f-</li>
<li>Laha (Noong Lay) pl- : Laha (Pi Toong) ph-</li>
<li>Laha (Noong Lay) bl- : Laha (Pi Toong) v-</li>
<li>Laha (Noong Lay) -l : Laha (Pi Toong) -n</li>
<li>Laha (Noong Lay) kl- : Laha (Pi Toong) k-</li>
<li>Laha (Noong Lay) d- : Laha (Pi Toong) r- [but not always]</li>
</ul>
<p>Some forms are also more similar to Ta Mit Laha than to Noong Lay Laha. But Pi Toong Laha is obviously the same language as Noong Lay Laha, and my informant could understand Edmondson's recordings of Noong Laha but not Ta Mit Laha.<br>
<br>
This is a previously undocumented variety of Laha. Evidently more research needs to be done urgently on different dialects, especially since conservative features of the language such as initial clusters, final -l, etc. may be lost among younger generations as with the Saek language of Nakhon Phanom province, Thailand.</p>
<p>Their autonym was xon⁵⁵xa³⁵, with xon⁵⁵ meaning 'person' in Tai Dam.</p>https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/kra-dai/laha-na-ta
Notes on Laha final -l
No full textLaha is among the few Tai-Kadai languages which possess a seemingly exotic final. 4, in addition to the normal set of stop and nasal endings. It has been tempting to believe that this -1 will give us another clue for linking Tai-Kadai with Austronesian. As a matter of fact there are examples which may support this expectation, e.g. Laha ji16/zi16: Malay kecil 'young/small', Laha 4013:Published versio
Laha reexamined
No full textA preliminary note on this North Vietnam language, based on very limited material gleaned from a 1972 Vietnamese source, is included in Benedict 1975 ("ATLC":[Introduction to Glossary1186-900). A later Russian-Vietnamese work (Solntsev et al., eds. 1986) on one of the three known dialects, Khla-Phlao (KP)1, now provides excellent material for a full analysis of Laha, with findings as outlined below. Note must be made, however, of a major complicating factor: the language is spoken in an area (Than-Uyen, Thuari-Chau) well south of the China border and, along with the anticipated Vietnamese loans, displays marked influence from the neighboring White Tai and related languages, e.g., in KP the numerals above 'four' have been borrowed from Tai. This has yielded two lexical layers, an earlier Kadai-level along with a later Tai-level. yielding a variety of reflexes, with many problems still awaiting solution.Published versio
Laha: a Framework for Adaptive Optimization of Distributed Sensor Frameworks
No full textDistributed Sensor Networks (DSNs) face a myriad of technical challenges. This dissertation examines two important DSN challenges. One problem is converting "primitive" sensor data into actionable products and insights. For example, a DSN for power quality (PQ) might gather primitive data in the form of raw voltage waveforms and produce actionable insights in the form of the ability to predict when PQ events are going to occur by observing cyclical data. For another example, a DSN for infrasound might gather primitive data in the form of microphone counts and produce actionable insight in the form of determining what, when, and where the signal came from. To make progress towards this problem, DSNs typically implement one or more of the following strategies: detecting signals in the primitive data (deciding if something is there), classification of signals from primitive data (deciding what is there), and localization of signals (when and from where did the signals come). Further, DSNs make progress towards this problem by forming relationships between primitive data by finding correlations between spatial attributes, temporal attributes, and by associating metadata with primitive data to provide contextual information not collected by the DSN. These strategies can be employed recursively. As an example, the result of aggregating typed primitive data provides a new higher level of typed data which contains more context than the data from which is was derived from. This new typed data can itself be aggregated into new, higher level types and also participate in relationships. A second important challenge is managing data volume. Most DSNs produce large amounts of (increasingly multimodal) primitive data, of which only a tiny fraction (the signals) is actually interesting and useful. The DSN can utilize one of two strategies: keep all of the information and primitive data forever, or employ some sort of strategy for systematically discarding (hopefully uninteresting and not useful) data. As sensor networks scale in size, the first strategy becomes unfeasible. Therefore, DSNs must find and implement a strategy for managing large amounts of sensor data. The difficult part is finding an effective and efficient strategy deciding what data is interesting and must be kept and what data to discard. This dissertation investigates the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Laha framework, which provides new insight into both of these problems. First, the Laha framework provides a multi-leveled representation for structuring and processing DSN data. The structure and processing at each level is designed with the explicit goal of turning low-level data into actionable insights. Second, each level in the framework implements a "time-to-live" (TTL) strategy for data within the level. This strategy states that data must either "progress" upwards through the levels towards more abstract, useful representations within a fixed time window, or be discarded and lost forever. The TTL strategy is useful because when implemented, it allows DSN designers to calculate upper bounds on data storage at each level of the framework and supports graceful degradation of DSN performance. There are several smaller, but still important problems that exist within the context of these two larger problems. Examples of the smaller problems that Laha hopes to overcome in transit to the larger goals include optimization of triggering, detection, and classification, building a model of sensing field topology, optimizing sensor energy use, optimizing bandwidth, and providing predictive analytics for DSNs. Laha provides four contributions to the area of DSNs. First, the Laha design, a novel abstract distributed sensor network that provides useful properties relating to data management. Second, an evaluation of the Laha abstract framework through the deployment of two Laha-compliant reference implementations, validated data collection, and several experiments that are used to either confirm or deny the benefits touted by Laha. Third, two Laha-compliant reference implementations, OPQ and Lokahi, which can be used to form DSNs for the collection of distributed power quality signals and the distributed collection of infrasound signals. Fourth, a set of implications for modern distributed sensor networks as a result of the evaluation of Laha. The major claim of this dissertation is that the Laha Framework provides a generally useful representation for real-time high-volume DSNs that address several major issues that modern DSNs face.Ph.D
Recommended from our members
Probing Muonic Forces with Neutron Stars Binaries
No full textWe show that gravitational wave emission from neutron star binaries can be used to discover any generic long-ranged muonic force due to the large inevitable abundance of muons inside neutron stars. As a minimal consistent example, we focus on a gauged U(1)Lμ-Lτ symmetry. In pulsar binaries, such U(1)Lμ-Lτ vectors induce an anomalously fast decay of the orbital period through the emission of dipole radiation. We study a range of different pulsar binaries, finding the most powerful constraints for vector masses below O(10-18 eV). For merging binaries, the presence of muons in neutron stars can result in dipole radiation as well as a modification of the chirp mass during the inspiral phase. We make projections for a prospective search using both the GW170817 and S190814bv events and find that current data can discover light vectors with masses below O(10-10 eV). In both cases, the limits attainable with neutron stars reach gauge coupling g′≲10-20, which are many orders of magnitude stronger than previous constraints. We also show projections for next generation experiments, such as Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer.We show that gravitational wave emission from neutron star binaries can be used to discover any generic long-ranged muonic force due to the large inevitable abundance of muons inside neutron stars. As a minimal consistent example, we focus on a gauged U(1) symmetry. In pulsar binaries, such U(1) vectors induce an anomalously fast decay of the orbital period through the emission of dipole radiation. We study a range of different pulsar binaries, finding the most powerful constraints for vector masses below . For merging binaries the presence of muons in neutron stars can result in dipole radiation as well as a modification of the chirp mass during the inspiral phase. We make projections for a prospective search using both the GW170817 and S190814bv events and find that current data can discover light vectors with masses below . In both cases, the limits attainable with neutron stars reach gauge coupling , which are many orders of magnitude stronger than previous constraints. We also show projections for next generation experiments, such as Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
Codes for preprint : Climate sensitivity of the summer runoff of two glacierised Himalayan catchments with contrasting climate
No full textLaha, S., Banerjee, A., Singh, A., Sharma, P., and Thamban, M.: Climate sensitivity of the summer runoff of two glacierised Himalayan catchments with contrasting climate, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-205, in review, 2022
Codes for preprint : Climate sensitivity of the summer runoff of two glacierised Himalayan catchments with contrasting climate
No full textLaha, S., Banerjee, A., Singh, A., Sharma, P., and Thamban, M.: Climate sensitivity of the summer runoff of two glacierised Himalayan catchments with contrasting climate, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-205, in review, 2022
Codes for preprint : Climate sensitivity of the summer runoff of two glacierised Himalayan catchments with contrasting climate
No full textLaha, S., Banerjee, A., Singh, A., Sharma, P., and Thamban, M.: Climate sensitivity of the summer runoff of two glacierised Himalayan catchments with contrasting climate, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-205, in review, 2022
Laha distribution: Computer generation and applications to life time modelling
No full textAbstract: Laha distribution has been introduced in 1958 as an example of a non-normal distribution where the quotient follows the Cauchy law. In this paper we present two procedures for the computer generation of this distribution and we discuss its applications to life time modelling. Key Words: Computer generation, composition procedure, ratio of uniforms method, life time
Analysis of Coastal Abrasion Rate of Laha Village Ambon City using Satellite Data
No full textThe coastline is the boundary between the sea and land. Line changes are caused by abrasion and accretion. Abrasion and accretion occur throughout the coast of Laha so that the coastline undergoes quite drastic changes. This study aims to determine how much the average rate of abrasion and coastal accretion per year and how much the average area of abrasion and accretion for 10 years of recording data on the Laha coast. This study uses the remote sensing method as a rapid study to detect the rate of abrasion and accretion on Laha beach using Landsat 8 images in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 as primary data Calculation of shoreline changes using DSAS (digital shoreline analysis system) using the NSM (net shoreline movement) statistical method. The results of the 10-year coastal abrasion rate study occurred thoroughly on the coast of Laha beach. The highest abrasion occurred in 2018-2019 with an average value of NSM -15 cm/year while the highest accretion occurred in 2019-2020 with an average value of NSM +19.97 cm/year. Abrasion area for 10 years with an average value of NSM of -89.29 m2 / year while accretion for 10 years with an average value of NSM of +70.70 m2/ year. With the rate of abrasion that occurs, it is necessary to build coastal buildings evenly so that abrasion can be minimized
- …
