1,721,669 research outputs found
A roadmap to ISO 14971 implementation
No full textMedical device standards outline the requirements for developing medical devices. These standards, however, do not outline how these requirements should be implemented causing difficulties for organisations entering the medical device domain. The goal of this study is to validate a roadmap for the implementation of the ISO 14971 standard. The validation examined the arrangement of the milestones within the roadmap and grouping of the goals into milestones. Five experienced risk management personnel in the medical device domain were asked to complete an online questionnaire examining their opinion on the structure and content of the roadmap. Overall participants found the roadmap, in general, to be well structured and well organised and made some recommendations for improving the roadmap through merging of specific goals and rearrangement of the milestones within the roadmap
Model-Based ISO 14971 Risk Management of EEG-Based Medical Devices
No full textRisk management (RM) is a key component of the development of modern medical devices (MD) to achieve acceptable functional safety and pass the regulatory process. The emerging availability of various techniques, languages, and tools that use model-based system engineering (MBSE) promises to facilitate the development and analysis of complex MD. In this paper, we show how to integrate RM principles and activities recommended in ISO 14971 medical standard into an MBSE-driven MD development process. We propose a method and framework capable of modeling essential RM concepts and performing RM and safety analysis in the early stages of the MD development life cycle. The framework extends OMG RAAML (Object Management Group Risk Analysis and Assessment Modeling Language) to the medical domain according to ISO 14971. We illustrate our approach using a case study of the e-Glass system developed for real-time EEG-based subject monitoring with the intended use of stress monitoring.ESLNANOLA
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Implementing a Medical Device Software Risk Management Process by ISO 14971 in compliance with Agile Principles
Full text linkThe development of medical device software is strictly regulated by competent authorities. In addition to producing significant medical benefits, the medical device software can be a potential source of serious safety hazard to patients or healthcare professionals. The International Standard ISO 14971 was created to minimize the risks related to treatment of patients with the medical devices.
Although agile software development has become a widely used method for developing software products, medical device manufacturers and regulators have been uncertain whether these practices are appropriate for the regulated environment. The purpose of this thesis is to research similarities and differences between ISO 14971 risk management process and agile principles. Furthermore, the aim is also to provide guidance and produce practical ideas for the implementation of the risk management process that meets the regulatory requirements and follows agile values and principles.
The risk management standard ISO 14971 was thoroughly analyzed in order to find all process requirements. Similarly, the agile practices were studied through the Agile Manifesto and other essential resources of the field. The synthesis of the two concepts was produced based on the information gathered.
The ideas produced in the research are presented as an example development process model which can be used as a reference implementation. The relatively high abstraction level of the model secures the generalizability of the research.
When designing the risk management process implementation, it is essential to thoroughly understand the goals and principles of the regulatory framework. By following the guidance and instructions provided in this thesis, medical device software manufacturers should be able to create the applicable risk management process and to claim conformity to ISO 19471
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
