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URBANIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN CAMEROON: AN AUTO-REGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG MODEL TECHNIQUE
Get PDFThe relationship between urbanisation and the environment has elevated much public attention recently. Therefore, this study examined the effect urbanisation has on environmental sustainability in Cameroon using time series data from 1991 to 2018. To establish this, the study adopted the STIRPAT framework, the Principal Components Analysis and Autoregressive Distributed Lag Technique for data analysis. The models were tested for stationarity by applying the Phillip-Peron test. Results indicated that urbanization and trade openness had positive and significant effects on environmental sustainability in the long-run but negative in the short-run, thus, supporting an inverted U-shaped EKC. The study therefore, recommended that Cameroon revisits its trade policies and urban planning strategies and implement policies that will discourage dirty technology and encourage technological innovations (green) so as to improve energy efficiency which will go a long way to improve environmental sustainability.
JEL: R10; R51; Q01
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Domestic Credit to the Private Sector and Economic Growth in Cameroon
Get PDFThe indispensability of a strong private sector to economic growth and development has been proven severally in empirical research. Nevertheless, different finance theories have assigned varied degrees of importance to private sector performance measures like credit provision and capital accumulation among on economic growth and development. This paper examines the relationship between domestic credit to the private sector by commercial banks, and economic growth in Cameroon, using data extracted from the World Development Indicators over the period 1961 – 2019 inclusive. Three time series models are used in the empirical analysis. Findings from our empirical analysis indicate that the high GDP will positively influence domestic credit to private sector by commercial banks and economic growth in Cameroon. Inflation and Capital have an insignificant negative impact on domestic credit to private sector by commercial banks and economic growth in Cameroon. This work therefore recommends guided increase of credit to private sector in Cameroon by Commercial banks like an instrument for growth and development in Cameroon in particular and the CEMAC zone in general.
Government Compliance with Public Procurement Policy and Performance of Construction Enterprises in Cameroon: A Micro Panel Modelling Approach
Get PDFThis paper aimed to investigate the implication of government compliance with public procurement policy for the performance of enterprises operating in the construction sector in Cameroon. To achieve its objectives, the paper made use of a micro panel collected with the help of structured questionnaires. The Pooled OLS and the random versus fixed effects models were used for the analyses. Findings revealed that the contract winning rate of construction enterprises increases monotonically over the period under study. While the performance of construction enterprises stagnated over the period 2013-2016, it only witnessed a drop in 2017 and 2018. The pooled OLS and the Random effect regression results revealed that government compliance with payment duration of construction enterprises’ bills positively and significantly affects the performance of construction enterprises in Cameroon. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government could consider redressing the policies on the regular and prompt payment of enterprises’ bills within the timeline specified in the contracts to enable them meet up with their financial requirements, thereby contributing to their overall performance
Capital structure and financial sustainability: stakes of microfinance institutions in Bamenda, Cameroon
No full textAbstract This research assesses the effect of capital structure on the sustainability of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Bamenda, Cameroon. We use panel data obtained from audited annual financial statements of fifteen (15) MFIs, comprising both member- and shareholder-owned MFIs in Bamenda, Cameroon from 2014 to 2020, and an ex-post facto causal research design. Debt, equity, grants, and retained earnings are used to capture capital structure, while Operational Self-Sufficiency is used as a proxy for sustainability. The Generalised Least Squares and the quantile-on-quantile techniques are used for data analysis. Our findings indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between debt, grants and financial sustainability of MFIs, while a statistically significant positive relationship is found between retained earnings and financial sustainability of MFIs. A positive, though statistically insignificant relationship is found between equity or share capital and MFI financial sustainability. The results are robust upon consideration of different quantiles. Based on the findings, MFIs in Cameroon should rely more on retained earnings and equity to be more financially sustainable. The findings additionally provide evidence relating to the shortcoming of grants in the financing of development initiatives
DETERMINANTS OF BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN CAMEROON AND HER TRADING PARTNERS: EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE GRAVITY MODEL
No full textExports have continued to play an important role in the economy of many developing countries. In this way the level of economic growth, employment and the balance of payments can be promoted. In Cameroon, the government has initiated several trade policy reforms aimed at promoting the export sector. This notwithstanding the country’s share in total world exports remains very low. Given the central role of exports in the economy, it was important to identify the plausible factors affecting export flows between Cameroon and her trading partners using an augmented gravity trade model. The panel dataset used covered a period from 1995 to 2014. The results showed that Cameroon’s GDP, importer’s GDP, real exchange rate, population and official common language had a positive and statistically significant effect on Cameroon’s exports. The study further showed that the distance between Cameroon and its trading partners had a negative and statistical significant effect on export flows. These results provide some policy insights which can enhance trade and foster economic growth, notably improvement in infrastructural development which is linked to transportation cost
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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