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The Effect of Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise on Changes in Range of Motion (ROM) and Pain in Patients with Low Back Pain
Full text linkBackground: Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal condition that often causes limited mobility and increased pain intensity. Manual interventions such as the Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) are used to address impaired posterior tissue mobility and neurodynamic tension that contribute to limited range of motion (ROM) and pain.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) on changes in range of motion (ROM) and pain levels in individuals with low back pain (LBP).
Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest approach with total sampling, involving 23 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Baseline assessments included measurements of range of motion (ROM) using a goniometer and pain intensity using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The intervention consisted of the Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR), administered twice per week for a total of six sessions. Following the intervention period, ROM and pain were reassessed using the same instruments to evaluate changes from pretest to posttest. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze differences before and after treatment. This study was conducted at Bhayangkara Hospital Makassar from April to October 2025.
Results: The findings revealed a significant improvement in range of motion (ROM), increasing from a mean value of 68.48 ± 11.62 at pretest to 82.83 ± 11.85 at posttest (p = 0.000). In addition, pain intensity showed a marked reduction, decreasing from an average score of 8.13 ± 1.55 to 4.13 ± 0.92 following the intervention (p = 0.000).
Conclusion: Mulligan TSLR administration has been shown to be effective in increasing ROM and reducing pain in people with low back pain. This technique can be recommended as a practical and clinically relevant intervention option in a physiotherapy rehabilitation program
A Case Study of Connection between Different Cultures and Continuity of the Family Ties of Filipino and Japanese through a Student Exchange Program
Full text linkThis qualitative case study traces the ongoing transnational familial ties between a Filipino host family and a Japanese exchange student. The data sources including surveys, photo, elicitation, and emails reveal that the relationship evolved from a formal hosting agreement to a "chosen family" type of bond. We helped as parents in every aspect, deliberately creating cultural scaffolding, and always preparing things through social media. The pandemic\u27s upheaval and a mutual trip to Japan in 2024 were very important for assessing and deepening this friendship. The study propagates the idea that short encounters have the power to hugely mediate the development of real and enduring kinship relationships which in return they challenge the existing concepts of family and cultural diplomacy
US or CT when it Comes to Monitoring Hepatic Metastases in Patients with Primary GIT and Breast Cancer? Comparative Results of Sensitivity and Specificity of CT and US
Full text linkMalignant diseases are one of the greatest health challenges at the global level and a major social, public health and economic problem in the 21st century with the three most common types of cancer: lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Radiodiagnostics plays a major role in detecting the primary disease, its stage, the presence or absence of secondary deposits, response to therapy, and monitoring for possible relapses. The current challenge for radiodiagnostic methods is to provide aaccurate, non-invasive method that is highly sensitive and specific and well-tolerated by the patient. We conducted a prospective comparative study over a period of 12 months, which included 82 subjects, patients with metastatic liver disease with primary gastrointestinal tract cancer and breast cancer. Two CT contrast examinations were performed in three phases, as well as four US examinations over a period of 3 months, both examinations within 12 months.The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in relation to all phases of CT taken as the gold standard for detection of hepatic metastases. From the results obtained, US showed the highest sensitivity (100%) and specificity (92.31%) in patients with GIT cancer in hyperechoic changes compared to the arterial phase of CT, while in patients with breast cancer, the sensitivity of US is highest in ring changes (85.71%), and the specificity in isoechoic changes (95%). Regarding the venous phase, US did not show sensitivity for the detection of hepatic lesions in patients with cancer originating from the GIT, while in patients with breast cancer it showed maximum sensitivity (100%) in the detection of ring lesions, and maximum specificity for hypoechoic lesions (100%). US was shown to be sensitive compared to late-phase CT in detecting isoechoic changes in patients with breast cancer (83.33%), but insufficiently sensitive for changes in patients with GIT cancer. The specificity of US is maximum for hypoechoic changes in patients with GIT cancer (100%), and isoechoic changes in patients with breast cancer (88.57%)
Assessment of the Comprehensive Competence of Graduates from a Comprehensive Course Program
Full text linkThis study examines the comprehensive competence of graduates from a professional course program in oral and maxillofacial surgery, with a focus on aligning their skills with employer expectations. The research aims to evaluate graduates’ ability to meet market demands, identify gaps in training programs, and propose strategies for improvement. The study addresses a critical global concern regarding the professional skills of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, emphasizing the need to enhance their clinical expertise, knowledge base, attitudes, and capacity for independent professional development. The analysis of current training programs highlights the necessity of aligning educational outcomes with the evolving needs of the healthcare industry. In the context of modern labor market demands, employers prioritize highly qualified surgeons, underscoring the importance of continuous improvement in professional education and training methodologies
Habitat – Residence as a Subject Regulating the Subjectivity of Natural Persons in Civil – Legal Relations
Full text linkHabitat – residence is a subject important for regulating the subjectivity of natural persons in civil law. Namely, in addition to the personal name and citizenship, habitat - residence is an attribute of a natural person. So with the help of this subject, natural persons have the opportunity to effectuate their subjectivity, ie in other words to be parties in civil - legal relations. Thus habitat – residence also appears as a means of individualizing natural persons in civil law. In the positive legislation of the Republic of North Macedonia there is a Law on registration of the habitat and residence of citizens. The goal of this paper is to research and perform scientific processing to the extent necessary for the habitat, ie residence in accordance with this legal text, from the aspect of civil law, but also to offer appropriate remarks and suggestions, in order to improve of the existing law and more consistent and comprehensive application of the same. Hence I think except the theoretical dimension of this paper, will be of great benefit to practitioners, which emphasizes the practical side of this paper
Semantic Mapping and Street Photography for the Teaching of Academic Writing for High School Students
Full text linkThis study examined the effects of using Semantic Mapping and Street Photography as writing prompts in teaching academic position paper writing to senior high school Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students in a national high school in the Division of Iloilo during the school year 2018–2019. Two heterogeneous Grade 11 sections were pair-matched based on pretest scores and taught using either Semantic Mapping or Street Photography. Writing performance was measured through pretest and posttest position paper scores, analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that both groups significantly improved their writing performance from pretest to posttest, with no significant difference between the two instructional methods. This suggests that both Semantic Mapping and Street Photography effectively engage students in the writing process by connecting to their prior knowledge and real-life experiences, promoting communicative and functional writing skills beyond traditional grammar and vocabulary practice. The study highlights the importance of relevant, motivating pre-writing activities and continuous feedback in boosting students’ confidence and writing performance. Moreover, it emphasizes the role of teachers’ grammatical knowledge and the use of well-structured, contextualized, and interesting prompts in easing students’ anxiety around writing. These strategies are valuable tools in academic writing instruction, especially for ESL/EFL learners
Reduction of Soil Type Resistance with Grant Gypsum Additives as a Narrow Land Grid-Rod Grounding Media on Clay Soil Texture
Full text linkThe area of land where the grounding is located affects the selection of the type of grounding. Narrow land not all types of grounding can be installed. One way that can be done is by applying additive media to reduce the soil retention value. Gypsum additives will be tested in this study. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of gypsum additive media in the Grid-Rod grounding system of narrow land with clay soil texture and maintain the stability of the resistance value of soil types so that it remains low. The method used in the analysis is a descriptive quantitative method where the results of soil resistance measurements before and after treatment will be used to calculate the grid-rod grounding resistance to obtain a value of < 5 ohms on narrow clay soil texture. The results of the study were obtained by applying gypsum additives to clay soils effectively reducing the resistance value of soil types from 32.65 ohm-meters to 17.85 ohm-meters or a decrease of 46.15%. The application of gypsum additives in clay soil can maintain the stability of the soil type resistance value which results in the stability of the grounding resistance value at a value of < 5 ohms during the dry season so that it is safe for equipment and humans around the distribution substation equipment
Effects of the Good Behavior Game on the On-Task Academic Behavior of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Full text linkThe study determined the significant effects of Good Behavior Game in a self-contained classroom on students’ on-task academic behavior utilizing a quasi-experimental research design. Respondents of the study were 27 middle schoolers in a self-contained classroom who were diagnosed with emotional and behavioral disorder, and placed academically under the non-intensive needs category. Post-test results for the first on-task dimension, visual attention to work materials, revealed improvement on their ability to stay focused and to control their impulses that encouraged their engagement in the mathematics lesson. In terms of the second on-task dimension, manipulation of materials, data likewise showed improvement after the students’ participation with the Good Behavior Game. Additionally, the overall mathematics performance showed high assessment scores of students. Tests of the significance of difference in the on-task academic behaviors and mathematics performance of students before and after the Good Behavior Game indicated a significant improvement, suggesting effectiveness of the game in the promotion of on-task academic behaviors and success in mathematics
A Historical Analysis of the Genre in Mongolian Cinematic Art
Full text linkMongolian national cinema was formally established in 1936, and by 1990, a total of 164 feature films and over 400 documentary films had been produced. This study classifies Mongolian cinema into two primary periods based on the distinct developmental stages of the industry: 1936-1990, during the socialist era, and post-1990, during the transition to a market economy. The socialist period (1936-1990) was marked by state-controlled production and ideological influence, with all films financed by the government and disseminated within a limited scope. This era also saw the systematic training of film professionals, substantial state investments in the film industry, and the foundational development of Mongolian cinema. The transition period from 1990 onwards, coinciding with the shift from a centrally planned socialist economy to a market-driven system, brought significant changes to the structure and production practices of Mongolian film. This study employs scientific, synthetic, and empirical research methods to analyze the evolution of Mongolian cinema across these two critical periods
Workplace Spirituality and Readiness for Innovative Education in International Schools of Shaanxi, China: A Pilot Test
Full text linkThis study aims to explore the role of workplace spirituality in enhancing the readiness of academic staff to foster innovative educational practices in international schools in Shaanxi, China. The research employed a structured questionnaire designed to measure seven key constructs: workplace spirituality, readiness for innovative education, organizational justice, cross-cultural competency, work-life balance, school culture and support, and curriculum adaptation. To ensure the feasibility and effectiveness of the research design and methodology, a pilot study was conducted with a sample of 50 academic staff members selected using simple random sampling from various international schools in Shaanxi Province. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were rigorously assessed. Cronbach\u27s alpha values for the constructs ranged from 0.76 to 0.85, demonstrating acceptable to excellent internal consistency. Additionally, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships between constructs, confirming the questionnaire\u27s construct validity. The correlation matrix revealed significant positive correlations between workplace spirituality, readiness for innovative education, and school culture and support.
The results of this pilot study indicate that the research instrument is both reliable and valid, providing a robust tool for assessing the interplay between workplace spirituality and readiness for innovative education among academic staff in international schools. These findings have important implications for policy and practice, suggesting that fostering a spiritually enriched work environment can enhance educational innovation. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on workplace spirituality by highlighting its potential influence on educators\u27 preparedness to adopt innovative teaching methods, thereby supporting the continuous improvement of educational practices in international contexts