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Toward a Scriptology of Middle French: The Case of MS Glasgow Hunter 252
Full text linkMS Glasgow Hunter 252 presents a significant amount of Picard isographs, mostprobably copied from its model. These variants are consistent with the regionalvocabulary one can also find in the text, meaning that the anonymous acteur is likelyto have grown up and/or been trained in Picardy. This evidence makes identificationof the acteur with Antoine de la Sale, Olivier de la Marche, Michault de Chaugy orPhilippe Pot, as was argued for in the past, rather unlikely
Linking Land and Sea: Intersections between Indigenous Peoples’ Dispossession and Asylum Seekers’ Containment by Australia
Full text linkAustralia’s harsh policy response to asylum seekers appears to be an extreme measure for a country that thinks of itself as a liberal democracy. Confining analyses of this regime to refugee law and policy overlooks the ways that Australia’s colonial history, Indigenous dispossession, and contemporary race relations interact with one another. This article argues that these historical dynamics are essential to understanding the Australian government’s response to asylum seekers in the present day, with asylum-seekers and Indigenous peoples in Australia both being utilized as tools of modern statecraft to shore up the legitimacy of the Australian state. Attention is drawn to parallels between the treatment of both Indigenous peoples and asylum seekers by the Australian government, with the increasingly harsh response to asylum seekers in Australian politics coinciding with the expansion of land rights for Indigenous Australians
The archaeology of wine production in Roman and pre-Roman Italy
Full text linkThe world of vinicultural archaeology has expanded exponentially over the past two decades, adding novel discoveries, methodologies, theories, and new archaeological evidence. Despite this, focused regional or site-specific approaches and syntheses dominate scholarship. This article provides an alternate, macroperspective via a comprehensive update and overview of the archaeological evidence for the entire Italian peninsula. When considered as a whole, the sheer quantity of evidence is simply a starting point for future research directions. New data from pre-Roman Italy might suggest localized indigenous winemaking experimentation, contrasting with traditionally dominant east–west colonial diffusionist models. Detailed cataloguing and interpretation of Roman wineries demonstrate that two dominant press types were present simultaneously. Along with these syntheses, previously unpublished evidence is analyzed for the first time, including conspicuous, lavish, and theatrical wine production at the Villa dei Quintili just outside Rome
Concepts as Plug & Play Devices
Full text linkResearch on concepts has focused on categorization. Categorization starts with a stimulus. Equally important are episodes that start with a thought. We engage in thinking to draw out new consequences from stored information, or to work out how to act. Each of the concepts out of which a thought is constructed provides access to a large body of stored information. Access is not always just a matter of retrieving a stored belief (semantic memory). Often it depends on running a simulation. Simulation allows conceptual thought to draw on information in special‐purpose systems, information stored in special‐purpose computational dispositions and special‐purpose representational structures. While the utility of simulation, prospection or imagination is widely appreciated, the role of concepts in the process is not well understood. This paper turns to cognitive and computational neuroscience for a model of how simulations enable thinkers to reach novel conclusions. Carried over to conceptual thought, the model suggests that concepts are ‘plug & play’ devices. The distinctive power of thought‐driven simulations derives from the ability of concepts to plug into two kinds of structure at once: the combinatorial structure of a thought at one end, and special‐purpose structural representations at the other
Mobilising and constraining: the dynamics of human rights discourse in two Mexican social movements
Full text linkMobilising human rights discourse in pursuit of justice by local social movements is often treated as a straightforward process. However, social movement practice is rooted in domestic socio- political culture, the ability to affectively engage publics and envision ‘political horizons’. Human rights discourse is often deployed in this process, but the dynamics involved have both enabling and constraining features which movement participants exploit, negotiate and disagree over. This article explores scholarship on human rights, social movements and democracy to examine these dynamics through the reflections of participants in two recent social mobilisations in Mexico: the Movement for Peace and Justice with Dignity and Ayotzinapa 43. Both movements arose in response to abuses and impunity in the context of spiralling state and non-state actor violence and corruption in Mexico, but also challenged the dominant political narratives of Mexico’s democratic development. They focused on the justice demands of victims, but also involved plural groups, many hoping for wider change. Human rights discourse featured in each movement, but they were not human rights movements, raising important questions about how human rights discourse is understood, made meaningful but also kept in check as part of sustaining contentious collective action
Leben in (Liebes-)Briefen. Lesarten von Winckelmanns Korrespondenz im langen 19. Jahrhundert
Full text linkSocial Media, Research, and the Digital Humanities
Full text linkSocial media research is often associated with the fields of (new) media and communication studies, which have to a large extent laid the theoretical and methodological foundations for such research. Although recent years have seen an increasing interest in the role of social media in relation to Digital Humanities (DH) research, there remains an urgent need for the humanities as a whole to respond to the undeniable importance of social media in relation to contemporary cultural forms and practices. Building on earlier efforts to explore the intersections between media studies and DH, this essay aims to articulate what (digital) humanists bring to the study of social media and how social media research connects with more established approaches within DH. In doing so, it emphasises how expansive definitions of DH research in relation to both our methods and objects of study can further the field’s potential to make a vital contribution to wider understandings of the digital in contemporary society
The role of digital humanities in an interdisciplinary research project
No full textThis discussion paper will reflect on the contribution of digital humanities (DH) to a complex interdisciplinary project like the Congruence Engine. It begins by considering how DH has developed within the larger history of interdisciplinarity in the humanities, crossing boundaries within and between disciplines and sectors, and facilitating collaboration and knowledge exchange. It discusses the growth of large-scale digital projects in the humanities, shaped by the nature and scope of the data increasingly available to humanities researchers, by the new kinds of research questions that can be asked, but also by changes in broader funding and policy landscapes. It considers three recent projects which exemplify the value of DH in interdisciplinary contexts, before reflecting on how DH methods and approaches have influenced the shape of the Congruence Engine. It situates the practices of the Congruence Engine in the wider context of knowledge exchange, focusing in particular on the concept of ‘trading zones’, and draws out the complementarity between the bridging or translational role of DH and the systemic action research framing of the project. Finally, it highlights the value of responsible openness not just in relation to published research outputs but to research practice and process
From Molecules to Perception: Philosophical Investigations of Smell
Full text linkTheories of perception have traditionally dismissed the sense of smell as a notoriously variable and highly subjective sense, mainly because it does not easily fit into accounts of perception based on visual experience. So far, philosophical questions about the objects of olfactory perception have started by considering the nature of olfactory experience. However, there is no philosophically neutral or agreed conception of olfactory experience: it all depends on what one thinks odors are. We examine the existing philosophical methodology for addressing our sense of smell: on the one hand appeals to phenomenology that focus on the experiential dimensions of odor perception and on the other approaches that look at odor sources and their material dimensions. We show that neither strategy provides enough information to account for the human sense of smell and argue that the inclusion of the missing dimension of biology, with its concern for the function (or functions) of olfaction, provides the means to develop a satisfactory and empirically informed philosophy of smell
Juridificación multiescalar frente a la industria minera: experiencias de Centroamérica y México
Full text linkLa multiescalaridad es una característica central de la gobernanza neoliberal de los modelos extractivistas que se construyen entretejiendo múltiples niveles y jurisdicciones del derecho público y privado. En este artículo exponemos las complejas relaciones entre el panorama multiescalar de pluralismo legal global que estructura los conflictos socioambientales sobre la minería, los procesos de juridificación y las variadas formas de violencia que motivan las búsquedas de justicia. Señalamos, de manera breve, las dimensiones legales de la minería industrial y exploramos conceptualmente las especificidades de la juridificación multiescalar en relación con esta actividad. A partir de un análisis etnográfico y documental con distintas organizaciones de defensa legal y de base, examinamos tres casos de conflictos socioambientales en Honduras, Guatemala y México. Ello nos permite mostrar cómo la multiescalaridad fragmentada implica que los derechos reconocidos en una jurisdicción se puedan tornar invisibles en otra y acompañarse de un uso represivo del derecho o lawfare. Concluimos que aun en campos de poder marcados por desigualdades abismales y ecologías de violencias múltiples, las luchas juridificadas abren nuevas posibilidades para la movilización social y política. Asimismo, argumentamos que tales luchas facilitan las conexiones entre jurisdicciones, sujetos y lugares, y generan nuevas gramáticas políticas