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On the realness of people who do not exist: The social processing of artificial faces
Full text linkToday more than ever, we are asked to evaluate the realness, truthfulness and trustworthiness of our social world. Here, we focus on how people evaluate realistic-looking faces of non-existing people generated by generative adversarial networks (GANs). GANs are increasingly used in marketing, journalism, social media, and political propaganda. In three studies, we investigated if and how participants can distinguish between GAN and REAL faces and the social consequences of their exposure to artificial faces. GAN faces were more likely to be perceived as real than REAL faces, a pattern partly explained by intrinsic stimulus characteristics. Moreover, participants’ realness judgments influenced their behavior because they displayed increased social conformity toward faces perceived as real, independently of their actual realness. Lastly, knowledge about the presence of GAN faces eroded social trust. Our findings point to potentially far-reaching consequences for the pervasive use of GAN faces in a culture powered by images at unprecedented levels
Representation in Cognitive Science: Author’s Reply
Full text linkIt is a rare privilege to have such eminent and insightful reviewers. Their kind words about the book are much appreciated – perhaps more than they realise. And I’m grateful to all three for having read the book so constructively. Each has given me several things to think about. In the space available here I will focus on the objections that seem most critical. Robert Rupert argues that I rely on an overly narrow understanding of what the cognitive sciences explain (§1). Elisabeth Camp presses me on what precisely it takes to qualify as a structural representation and raises questions about holism (§2). John Krakauer makes a fundamental objection to positing representations when they seem not to be needed to explain behaviour (§3). Rupert has also provided a useful introduction to the book, so I will jump straight in with my replies
Towards a Vernacular Poetics of World-making: Edouard Glissant, Abdelkébir Khatibi, and Kaouther Adimi
Full text linkDrawing on a select group of literary and intellectual voices from the Francosphere, this article examines how writers and theorists from outside Europe deploy experimental linguistic and literary forms to deconstruct dominant definitions of the world and the kinds of world-making processes widely understood to constitute it. Rereading works by the Martinican writer, poet, and thinker Edouard Glissant and the Moroccan sociologist and literary critic Abdelkébir Khatibi, and applying their insights to the work of the Algerian writer Kaouther Adimi, the article advances an account of what it refers to as a “vernacular poetics of world-making”. Through an analysis of these writers’ works, the article shows how they implicitly deploy vernacular poetics to simultaneously destabilise and rearticulate ideas of “world” and posit a poetics of world literature “from below”. In so doing, the article advocates for a mode of reading that engages a slower, more contemplative, self-reflexive thinking, arguing that the power of a vernacular poetics is in its capacity not so much to change the world but to reveal the world as it is, in its founding epistemic heterogeneity
Building Career Pathways for Resettled Refugees in the United States
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to explore career pathways for refugees who have been resettled in third countries. A career pathway for a refugee means, how likely is it that one can find self- sustaining wages and/or a fulfilling profession in their country of resettlement, and how is that process supported by the third country.
This paper explores the aim of answering three questions: How is the United States currently addressing career pathways for resettled refugees? What career pathway innovations are happening in other countries? What recommendations could possibly produce better outcomes in the United States? First, it outlines what career pathways are, why they are important, and what are the barriers, through a literature review and secondary sources. Subsequently, it explores how the United States is currently addressing career pathways for resettled refugees, through a literature review and secondary sources. Next, in light of the current situation with Ukraine, it discusses a case study of career pathways of Soviet refugees in the United States during the 1990s, completed by surveying refugees who arrived during that time between the ages of 30-50. Then, it looks at career pathway innovations being employed in Canada and Sweden, through a literature review and secondary sources. Lastly, it offers recommendations that could possibly produce better outcomes in the United States, including recommendations for policies, programs, and businesses.
The objective of the paper is to provide recommendations to support third countries to address these issues in myriad ways, in order for refugees to move out of survival jobs and into careers with more sustainable wages, consistent schedules, and ample benefits; which will allow them to feel fulfilled while also contributing to their new homes, communities, and economies
The EU Screening Regulation Proposal and the Right to Asylum - Cementing Fortress Europe?
Full text linkThis paper aims to offer a perspective on the 1951 Convention’s aging process by exploring how it In September 2020, the European Commission adopted a New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Part of the legislative and non-legislative initiatives under the New Pact is a proposal for a Regulation on screening third country nationals at external borders. This paper is concerned with the compatibility of the new proposal with the right to asylum and how it responds to the notion of ‘Fortress Europe’. The normative framework on the right to asylum is set out to test how it is reflected in the Screening Regulation proposal and its implications on the right to asylum. The paper finds that the proposed Screening Regulation is not compatible with the right to asylum. The findings also suggest policymakers intend to focus on securitisation efforts and legitimising extraordinary measures against migration and refugee flows in Europe, cementing Fortress Europe
Un Caso Di Autotraduzione Medico-Scientifica Nel Rinascimento: Il Pourtraict De La Santé / Diaeteticon Polyhistoricon Di Joseph Duchesne (1606)
Full text linkMedico paracelsiano alla corte di Enrico IV e prolifico autore di testi di medicina e di filosofia naturale, il calvinista Joseph Duchesne, detto anche Quercetanus (c. 1544 – 1609), è noto da tempo agli storici della medicina e della scienza per il contributo fondamentale che portò alla diffusione del paracelsismo e della nuova filosofica chimica in Francia a cavallo tra Cinque e Seicento. Molto meno noto è il suo doppio trattato di dietetica del 1606, uscito quasi simultaneamente in francese (Le Pourtraict de la santé) e in latino (Diaeteticon polyhistoricon), e rimasto ancora relativamente inesplorato dalla critica. Si tratta tuttavia di un testo di eccezionale interesse, in particolar modo per la sua natura di testo autotradotto. Il presente contributo si propone di riesaminare brevemente il «dittico» di Duchesne sotto il profilo della sua dimensione bilingue, traendo qualche conclusione preliminare sulle strategie autotraduttive di Duchesne e sui suoi possibili obiettivi
The Rise of Mass Advertising: Law, Enchantment, and the Cultural Boundaries of British Modernity
Full text linkThe Rise of Mass Advertising is a first cultural legal history of advertising in Britain, tracing the rise of mass advertising c.1840-1914 and its legal shaping. The emergence of this new system disrupted the perceived foundations of modernity. The idea that culture was organized by identifiable fields of knowledge, experience, and authority came under strain as advertisers claimed to share values with the era's most prominent fields, including news, art, science, and religiously inflected morality. While cultural boundaries grew blurry, the assumption that the world was becoming progressively disenchanted was undermined, as enchanted experiences multiplied with the transformation of everyday environments by advertising. Magical thinking, a dwelling in mysteries, searches for transfiguration, affective connection between humans and things, and powerful fantasy disrupted assumptions that the capitalist economy was a victory of reason.
The Rise of Mass Advertising examines how contemporaries came to terms with the disruptive impact by mobilizing legal processes, powers, and concepts. Law was implicated in performing boundary work that preserved the modern sense of field distinctions. Advertising's cultural meanings and its organization were shaped dialectically vis-à-vis other fields in a process that mainstreamed and legitimized it with legal means, but also construed it as an inferior simulation of the values of a progressive modernity, exhibiting epistemological shortfalls and aesthetic compromises that marked it apart from adjacent fields. The dual treatment meanwhile disavowed the central role of enchantment, in what amounted to a normative enterprise of disenchantment. One of the ironies of this enterprise was that it ultimately drove professional advertisers to embrace enchantment as their peculiar expertise.
The analysis draws on an extensive archive that bridges disciplinary divides. It offers a novel methodological approach to the study of advertising, which brings together the history of capitalism, the history of knowledge, and the history of modern disenchantment, and yields a new account of advertising's significance for modernity
EpiDoc and Epigraphic Training in the Era of Remote and Hybrid Teaching
No full textDie Notwendigkeit, die meisten akademischen Aktivitäten aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie ganz oder teilweise ins Internet zu verlagern, zwang die epigraphische Gemeinschaft, neue Wege zu finden, um EpiDoc und epigraphische Schulungen aus der Ferne oder in hybriden Formen anzubieten. Die Experimente der letzten zwei Jahre haben zu einer Vielzahl von Lehrkonzepten geführt, die von vollständig synchronen bis zu vollständig asynchronen Schulungsveranstaltungen reichen. Ziel des Papiers ist es, solche Konzepte zu veranschaulichen und ihre Auswirkungen zu untersuchen, wobei auch die verschiedenen Instrumente und Methoden beschrieben werden, die in den letzten zwei Jahren eingesetzt wurden. Der Beitrag befasst sich auch mit den Lehren, die aus den verschiedenen Erfahrungen und den Rückmeldungen der Studierenden gezogen wurden, und enthält einige Überlegungen zu Fragen der Nachhaltigkeit im Zusammenhang mit Fernunterricht und Hybridunterricht
Lèche-vitrines: Human Identity and the Mannequin in 'Au Bonheur des Dames'
Full text linkThe department store mannequin is often read as representative of commodity or sexual fetishism and, as a result, of woman objectified. This article posits that in Émile Zola’s 'Au Bonheur des Dames' (1883), the mannequin can also highlight such objectification to the woman in the text. Through close readings of the mannequins in 'Au Bonheur des Dames', and their relationships with both shoppers and workers in the store, this article seeks to analyse the combination of estrangement and excitement which characterizes the experience of living under modernity. While some bodies in the text are literally broken, elsewhere a wider sense of fracture or fragmentation is at work, as human identity itself seems to be breaking up. The Zolian mannequin foregrounds this theme of fragmentation, as it is never depicted whole: instead, the always already fragmented mannequin reflects the fragmented (female) shopper, and the dismembered (male) shop employee, who works as if suffering from automatism. This article asks whether the inherent impersonality of the headless Zolian mannequin is a source of empowerment which allows the shopper to recognize and thus reject objectification of the self, or simply a disquieting reminder of the limits of one’s own powerlessness
Jean Bodin: une pensée en mouvement. Etude des variantes entre les deux rédactions de la Methodus (1566, 1572)
Full text linkCette étude porte sur l’évolution de la théorie politique de Jean Bodin entre 1566 et 1576, une période tout à fait décisive pour le penseur angevin, notamment par rapport au développement de ses idées sur la nature et les limites de la souveraineté. C'est dans cette période que Bodin change d'avis sur certains points-clés de sa théorie politique : passage d’un concept de souveraineté comme fonction juridictionnelle à celui de souveraineté comme fonction législative ; découverte ou clarification des « marques » de perpétuité, indivisibilité et autonomie comme propres du véritable pouvoir souverain ; mise à point d’une distinction claire entre potestas (puissance publique, de nature juridico-politique) et dominium (puissance privée, de nature économique-propriétaire). L'étude comparée des deux rédactions de la Methodus (1566, 1572) par rapport à la première République (1576) montre que cette évolution se fit de manière graduelle et pour des raisons qui ont affaire à la logique interne de la pensée bodinienne tout autant, sinon plus, qu’aux circonstances historiques dans lesquelles Bodin écrivait ses œuvres