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СИНТЕЗ ГИДРОГЕЛЕЙ СОПОЛИМЕРОВ ГИДРОКСИЭТИЛАКРИЛАТА И ГИДРОКСИЭТИЛМЕТАКРИЛАТА, ГИДРАТАЦИЯ И МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА
Get PDFРабота выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ (грант 20-12-00031)
Прочностной расчет блиска авиационного малоразмерного газотурбинного двигателя
Get PDFЦелью исследования являлась проверка работоспособности разработанной конструкции рабочего колеса (блиска) малоразмерного газотурбинного двигателя на разных режимах работы, определение минимального значения коэффициента запаса прочности диска турбины для подтверждения правильности выбора материала
Расчет и проектирование камеры сгорания МГТД
Get PDFРассмотрен итерационный процесс проектирования камеры сгорания для МГТД с учетом зависимости между результатами двумерных и трехмерных расчетов
Consumption Dynamics in Mixed-Income Neighborhoods with Connected Households
Get PDFWe investigate the dynamics of household consumption in a setting in which households are connected across income classes. Low- and high-income households form preferences endogenously, conditional on their own and their neighbor’s past consumption. The modeling effort relies on a stochastic dynamic model of interdependent consumer choice in which the demand for commodities evolves according to a non-linear difference equation with stochastic initial states. The analysis targets a region of the parameter space that corresponds to salient features of a mixed-income neighborhood in which households are connected. Standard methods of asymptotic analysis of dynamic systems (e.g. bifurcation analysis) are combined with numerical simulation, statistical modelling of extreme events and statistical estimation techniques to investigate the dynamics. From the mathematical point of view, our analysis reveals the existence of intricate bifurcation pattern, coexistence of multiple attractors, complex basins and long transients. The essential economic finding states that key features of household consumption vary significantly in the influence the high-income households exert on the preference formation of the low-income households. In particular, we find that the prevalence of long transients, i.e. long waiting times before convergence to asymptotic states occur, is inversely related to the type of connectedness considered. We demonstrate that the dynamics of the consumption trajectory evolving over an extended time period before it settles on long-run simple consumption pattern, may not at all be captured by an asymptotic state. Thus, policies targeting the economies in mixed-income neighborhoods that are solely based on information about long-run consumption states, might trigger unwanted, unanticipated effects.Ural Mathematical Center, (075-02-2024-1428)Open access funding provided by University of Agder. The research was partly supported by the Ural Mathematical Center within the Project No. 075-02-2024-1428
Диагностика неисправностей штанговой глубинно-насосной установки на основе машинного обучения с использованием кривой мощности двигателя
Get PDFRelevance. The complexity of monitoring and diagnosing the condition of underground structural elements of sucker rod pumping units and large economic losses when operating this equipment with defects not identified in a timely manner. Aim. Development of methods for detecting faults in a sucker rod pump that do not require the involvement of highly qualified personnel for diagnosis, using information that is easily available on the surface. Methods. Machine learning methods (Decision tree method, K-nearest neighbors method, Support vector machine, Naive Bayes classifier) using motor power curves. Results and conclusions. The paper demonstrates the possibility of detecting faults in a sucker rod pump based on machine learning methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a developed simulation model of a sucker rod pump, used to reproduce motor power curves, taking into account the impact of the features of various equipment operation scenarios. Being the fundamental energy source for the oil production, motor power is directly related to the real-time operating condition of the oil well, and the motor power curve is a reliable source with the ability to increase the efficiency of sucker rod pump diagnostic. To train the machine learning classifiers and evaluate their performance accuracy, a number of characteristics were used, obtained from motor power curves for six different pump operating states. Namely, operating coefficients were calculated, representing the ratio of the power integral at each of the four stages of the installation operating cycle to the power integral for the entire cycle. The results show that the considered approach allows for high accuracy in diagnosing the operating conditions of a sucker rod pump. The classifier based on the decision tree method showed the highest efficiency among the four studied classifiers in identifying all six types of faults (95.8%), and the support vector machine method showed as well very high efficiency (90.3%)
Fiducial Reference Measurements for Greenhouse Gases (FRM4GHG): Validation of Satellite (Sentinel-5 Precursor, OCO-2, and GOSAT) Missions Using the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)
Get PDFThe COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network has become a reliable source of high-quality ground-based remote sensing network data that provide column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4), and carbon monoxide (XCO). The fiducial reference measurements of these gases from the COCCON complement the TCCON and NDACC-IRWG data. This study shows the application of COCCON data for the validation of existing greenhouse gas satellite products. This study includes the validation of XCH4 and XCO products from the European Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission, XCO2 products from the American Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission, and XCO2 and XCH4 products from the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). A total of 27 datasets contributed to this study; some of these were collected in the framework of campaign activities and covered only a short time period. In addition, several permanent stations provided long-term observations. The random uncertainties in the validation results, specifically for S5P with a lot of coincidences pairs, are found to be similar to the comparison with the TCCON. The comparison results of OCO-2 land nadir and land glint observation modes to the COCCON on a global scale, despite limited coincidences, are very promising. The stations can, therefore, expand on the coverage of the already existing ground-based reference remote sensing sites from the TCCON and the NDACC network. The COCCON data can be used for future satellite and model validation studies and carbon cycle studies.Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, KEITI; European project H2020 MARSU; European Society of Anaesthesiology, ESA; Ontario Research Foundation, ORF; BIRA-IASB; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, NIWA; National Institute for Environmental Studies, NIES; European Commission, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy; Ministry of Environment, MOE; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Strategic Science Investment Fund; European Commission, EC, (P02.C05.I03.P51.S000.043); European Commission, EC; Saint Petersburg State University, SPbU, (GZ_MDF-2023-2, 93882802); Saint Petersburg State University, SPbU; S5P Validation Team, (TCCON4S5P, PEA 4000116692, 28603); Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE, (2022003560006, MIS 5021516); Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE; Natural Environment Research Council, NERC, (NE/N015681/1); Natural Environment Research Council, NERC; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka, (FEUZ 2024-0011); Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka; National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC, (2023YFB3907505); National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC; European Space Agency, ESA, (4000128426/19/NL/FF/ab, 4000132151/20/NL/FF/ab); European Space Agency, ESA; European Resuscitation Council, ERC, (101089203); European Resuscitation Council, ERC; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA, (80NSSC18K0898); National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA; Research and Innovation Framework Programme, (H2020-INFRAIA-2020-1, 101008004); Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, (4000117640/16/I-LG); Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, (1615988); Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, (INST 95/1544, CH 1792/2-1); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Horizon 2020, (101037319); Horizon 2020; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, (NA17OAR4320101, NA22OAR4320151); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Conahcyt, (239618); Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Conahcyt; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, (4000121212/17/I-EF, 4000140431/23/I-DT-Ir); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT; CONACyT-ANR, (ANR-17-CE04-0013-01, 290589); Labex, (ANR-10-LABX-100-01); Labex; VERIFY, (776810); ESRIN, (4000117151/16/I-LG); General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, GSRI, (NNH17ZDA001N-OCO2, 2022–2027, PN 23 05/ 3.01.2023); General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, GSRIThis research and the APC were funded by the European Space Agency\u2019s QA4EO project under grant agreement no. 4000128426/19/NL/FF/ab, the SVANTE project under grant agreement no. 4000132151/20/NL/FF/ab, and the FRM Programme under grant agreement no. 4000117640/16/I-LG and 4000136108/21/I-DT-lr. Part of this study was carried out in the framework of the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor Mission Performance Centre (S5P, MPC), contracted by the European Space Agency (ESA/ESRIN, contract no. 4000117151/16/I-LG), and supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB). Part of this study was also supported by the S5P Validation Team (S5PVT) AO project TCCON4S5P (ID no. 28603, PI Mahesh Kumar Sha, BIRA-IASB), with national funding from the BELSPO through the ESA ProDEx projects TROVA and TROVA-E2 (PEA 4000116692). This work contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite data (2018\u20132023) post-processed by BIRA-IASB. The GOSAT validation work was supported in part by the NIES GOSAT project. We acknowledge the CONACyT-ANR project 290589 \u201CMexico City\u2019s Regional Carbon Impacts\u201D (ANR-17-CE04-0013-01) for funding. Also, the former projects CONACYT 239618 \u201CEl estudio del ciclo de Carbono y de lo gases de efecto invernadero utilizando espectroscopia de absorci\u00F3n solar\u201D and UNAM-DGAPA PAPIIT IN111521/IN106024 are acknowledged. Eliezer Sep\u00FAlveda and Noemie Taquet are supported by the AEMET project under the framework of the Spanish Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan (Plan de Recuperaci\u00F3n, Transformaci\u00F3n y Resiliencia, PRTyR), funded by the European Commission\u2014NextGenerationEU (Reference No. P02.C05.I03.P51.S000.043). Funding for the Toronto and Eureka EM27/SUN was provided by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Research Fund. The measurements at Boulder were supported in part by NOAA cooperative agreements NA17OAR4320101 and NA22OAR4320151 and by NASA grant 80NSSC18K0898 and NASA/JPL subaward 1615988. The Tsukuba COCCON site is supported in part by the GOSAT series project. The measurements in Korea were supported by the Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through the \u201CClimate Change R&D Project for New Climate Regime\u201D, funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (2022003560006). Greek national funds were provided through the Operational Program \u201CCompetitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation\u201D (NSRF 2014\u20132020) by the \u201CPANhellenic Infrastructure for Atmospheric Composition and Climate Change\u201D project (MIS 5021516), implemented under the Action \u201CReinforcement of the Research and Innovation\u201D Infrastructure. Support was provided for enhancing the operation of the National Network for Climate Change (CLIMPACT), National Development Program, and General Secretariat of Research and Innovation. The measurements at Fairbanks were supported by NASA (grant no. NNH17ZDA001N-OCO2). This work was carried out through the Core Program within the National Research Development and Innovation Plan 2022\u20132027, with the support of MCID, project no. PN 23 05/ 3.01.2023 and the European Commission under the Horizon 2020\u2014Research and Innovation Framework Programme, H2020-INFRAIA-2020-1, ATMO-ACCESS Grant Agreement no. 101008004. We acknowledge funding provided by the Natural Environment Research Council for this work, through award ref. NE/N015681/1 \u201CThe Global Methane Budget\u201D. SPbU research activity and the collection of data at the St. Petersburg site were funded by a Saint Petersburg State University project, ID: 93882802 (GZ_MDF-2023-2). The collection of COCCON data at Sverdlosk was performed by K. Gribanov and V. Zakharov, who were supported by the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project no. FEUZ 2024-0011. The measurements in St. Petersburg and Sverdlosk were supported by the European Commission, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (VERIFY (grant no. 776810)). The measurement campaign at Trainou was funded by Labex VOLTAIRE (ANR-10-LABX-100-01) and the European project H2020 MARSU (DOI 10.3030/690958) coordinated by l\u2019ICARE. The Xianghe and Beijing FTIR measurements are supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB3907505). The COCCON measurements at Arrival Heights were core-funded by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) through New Zealand\u2019s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Strategic Science Investment Fund. The Munich measurements were funded by the German Research Foundation (CH 1792/2-1, INST 95/1544), the EU Horizon 2020 Project PAUL (101037319), and the ERC consolidator grant CoSense4Climate (101089203). The support of COCCON partner activities by KIT (instrumental tests, COCCON code development and maintenance), the deployment of KIT spectrometers for long-terms site observations (Karlsruhe, Kiruna, Fairbanks, and Thessaloniki), and several campaign activities were enabled by the ESA projects COCCON PROCEEDS (contract 4000121212/17/I-EF) and COCCON OPERA (contract 4000140431/23/I-DT-Ir)
Oprichnina without Justifications or Explanations: Why was there no Pro-oprichnina Narrative?
Get PDFThe article was submitted on 24.01.2025.Рассматривается вопрос о том, почему феномен опричнины получил очень слабое отражение в отечественных нарративных источниках времени Ивана Грозного. Опричнина оказалась «фигурой умолчания». Данный факт нуждается в объяснении. В 1541–1542 гг. в Воскресенской летописи была создана концепция противостояния монарха с боярством. Бояре были объявлены изменниками, виновными в казнокрадстве, злоупотреблении властью, предательстве в пользу иностранных держав. Поскольку Иван IV в возрасте 11 лет вряд ли мог придумать такую концепцию русской истории и внести ее в летопись, ее автором был другой человек. Высказывается гипотеза о том, что им был митрополит Макарий, в 1542 г. переведенный в Москву из Новгорода, или кто‑то из его ближнего окружения. Она впервые появилась в Новгородском своде 1539 г. Данная концепция оправдывала репрессии против аристократии. Она получила развитие в «Летописце начала царства» 1552 г. и «Степенной книге», составлявшейся в 1556–1563 гг. Именно идея борьбы власти с «боярской изменой» в 1565 г. была положена в основу идеологического обоснования опричнины. Однако парадокс в том, что при этом проопричный нарратив, который бы легитимизировал и оправдывал опричную политику, так и не был создан. Его элементы присутствуют в Первом послании Ивана Грозного князю Андрею Курбскому (1564) и в Царственной книге (последнем томе Лицевого летописного свода, около 1576 – начала 1580‑х гг.). Там тема боярской измены получила свое развитие вплоть до обвинения в узурпации власти и преступного отстранения от нее Ивана IV. Однако эти версии относились к описанию русской истории 1533–1554 гг. и не были распространены на историю опричнины в 1565–1572 гг. О ней летописи и другие нарративные источники просто молчат вплоть до смерти Ивана Грозного в 1584 г. Причины этого можно только предполагать. Автор предлагает два возможных объяснения: техническое и концептуальное. Техническое – после смерти Макария в 1563 г. не нашлось грамотных исполнителей, способных создать проопричный нарратив, который понравился бы царю. Концептуальное – опричнина имела скрытый, возможно, эсхатологический смысл, о котором книжники XVI в. не могли рассказать в официальной летописи.This article explores the reasons why the oprichnina was scarcely reflected in national narrative sources from the time of Ivan the Terrible. The oprichnina turned out to be a “figure of silence”. This fact requires explanation. In 1541–1542, the concept of confrontation between the monarch and the boyars was created in the Voskresenskaya Chronicle. The boyars were declared traitors, guilty of embezzlement, abuse of power, and treason in favour of foreign powers. Since Ivan IV, at the age of 11, could hardly have come up with such a concept of Russian history and included it in the chronicle, its author was another person. The paper hypothesises that it was Metropolitan Macarius, who was transferred to Moscow from Novgorod in 1542, or someone from his inner circle. It first appeared in the Novgorod Chronicle of 1539. This concept justified repressions against the aristocracy. It was developed in the Chronicle of the Beginning of the Tsardom (1552) and the Book of Degrees compiled in 1556–1563. It was the idea of the government’s struggle against “boyar treason” that formed the basis of the ideological legitimation for the oprichnina in 1565. However, the paradox is that the oprichnina narrative that would legitimise and justify the oprichnina policy was never created. Its elements are present in the First Letter of Ivan the Terrible to Prince Andrei Kurbsky (1564) and in the Tsar Book (the last volume of the Litsevoi Letopisnyi Svod, circa 1576 – early 1580s). There, the theme of “boyar treason” was developed, right up to the accusation of usurpation of power and the criminal removal of Ivan IV from it. However, these versions related to the description of Russian history from 1533–1554 and were not extended to the history of the oprichnina in 1565–1572. The chronicles and other narrative sources are simply silent about it until the death of Ivan the Terrible in 1584. The reasons for this are not clear. The author of the article offers two possible explanations, i. e. technical and conceptual. The former implies that after the death of Macarius in 1563, there were no competent performers who could create a pro-oprichnina narrative that the tsar would like, while the latter implies that the oprichnina had a hidden, possibly eschatological meaning, which the scribes of the sixteenth century could not talk about in the official chronicle.Исследование выполнено по гранту РНФ № 24-28-00538 «Понятия и категории в социально-политическом дискурсе государств Восточной Европы в раннее Новое время»
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