National Institute for Space Research
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Validação da qualidade do perfilamento a LASER aerotransportado da cidade de Porto Alegre
No full textThis paper describes the methodology adopted to validate the planimetric and altimetric quality of a LIDAR survey hired by the city government of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The verifications were carried out by the crew of engineers of the city government, a hired company and professors of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), using GPS sample points to verify the altimetry accuracy and photogrammetry to verify the planimetry accuracy. The results of the analysis presented a 7.5 cm altimetric precision, no sample points were reproved. The planimetric precision analysis presented an average error of 49.6 cm, with approval of more than 90% of the sample points.Pages: 6178-618
Transponder de Coleta de Dados para um Nano-Satélite do Sistema Brasileiro de Coleta de Dados Ambientais
No full textThis work aims to propose a model of Nano-Satellite Transponder with: low power consumption; high reliability; reduced dimensions and onboard processing. This project also, aims the qualification and trainning of human resources in strategic areas of the Brazilian space sector, and for so is supported by CNPq and AEB. The main goals proposed for this project in relation to Brazilian satellites SCD1 and SCD2, are to modify: the signal processing from a technology that is currently analogue to a digital technology in order to increase the range of applications of the transponder; to modify the component technology from discrete components to integrated ones, to reduce size and the launching costs. The Project uses ICs from manufacturers whose quality has been proved by certified organizations, but not necessarily certified to be used in the space. The goal is to dramatically reduce the cost of the components of the transponder.Pages: 9094-909
Análise exploratória das cicatrizes de incêndios florestais de 2010 no estado do Acre, Brasil
No full textIn 2005 and 2010 extensive forest fires associated with prolonged droughts occurred in Acre State in Brazils southwestern Amazon. In order to estimate the area of forests affected by these fires, the Central Geoprocessing Unit of Acre (Ucegeo) used visual interpretation of Landsat 5 images to estimate the area of forests with canopies affected by fire (FCAs). The first classification done at the end of the drought in 2010 resulted in an estimate of 24 thousand ha of FCAs; this value was used in a state inventory of greenhouse gas emissions. A revision of this work used more images and increased the area of FCA to 76 thousand ha in 2010. The most impacted municipalities were Sena Madureira, Rio Branco, Senador Guiomard, Plácido de Castro and Acrelândia. These last three have >45% of their FCAs in 2010 had burned in 2005, indicating a process of forest degradation. We recommend the implementation of a set of contingency plans to avoid forest fires in future prolonged droughts.Pages: 8669-867
Aplicação de geotecnologia para regularização ambiental de imóveis rurais no município de Sapezal - Mato Grosso
No full textRecently, the new Forest Code was signed by the President which mandates that all rural parcels must be recorded into a system called CAR - Cadastro Ambiental Rural (Rural Environmental Registry). The purpose of this work is to present a set of procedures that ensure consistent and reliable results for the projects that landowner must submit to the CAR system. An integration and compilation of database considering not only the property itself, but throughout the region can avoid some topological inconsistencies, such as overlap between features, this process was called rural parcels scanning mapping method. A spatial database was created for the municipality of Sapezal - MT, the following layers were mapped: hydrography, transportation system and landuse/landcover. Those layers were generated based on available SPOT5 2,5 m imagery, while the property boundaries were obtained from the compilation of existing documents and also through collecting information in the field. The compliance assessment of environmental legal requirements for each rural parcel was performed using a tool called CARGeo. The result shows that about 9% of the area required for APP was converted, while there is a deficit of Legal Reserve é 640.423,29 ha considering the registered properties. The mapping process for the CAR, covering an entire region by applying the scanning mapping method can reduces significantly the cost of development of individual projects and also to generate more reliable information ensuring topological consistencies during the process of legal environmental assessment.Pages: 4738-474
Realce de feições emersas e submersas no estuário do Rio Choró (CE) através do processamento de imagens Landsat 5 TM e IRS-P6 LISS III
No full textRemote sensing applications in environmental studies cover monitoring, mapping and inventory of these areas, as well as detection of changes to subsidize purposes of management. Digital processing techniques such as band ratio, contrast enhancements, principal components analysis and filtering were applied to Landsat 5 TM and IRS-P6 LISS III images to obtain a characterization of the landscape of the area. This article presents an evaluation of submerged features in the estuary of the Choró river, besides the landscape around, to characterize this environment fragile and susceptible to environmental degradation processes.Pages: 6518-652
Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) e base de dados geoespaciais do projeto Geodegrade
No full textGeographic Information Systems (GISs) came into light when Canadian researchers started solving problems using different kinds of data accessed by a system of large-scale transport models. GISs have basically four components. Input data are the first component; acquired and generated data management is the second; edition (manipulation) and analysis functions, which will determine what is to be generated by the GIS, are the third one; and the fourth and last component are the output data, which will be differentiated by their quality, accuracy and easiness of use, and which, similarly to the input data, may be reproduced as maps, tables and graphs. The project 'Development of Geotechnologies for the Identification and Monitoring of Pasture Degradation Levels GeoDegrade' aims to develop geotechnologies to identify and monitor the degradation level of pastures in the Amazônia, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes. In the project, the GIS will be used to standardize, organize and integrate different types of data obtained and generated by the project in a single database: 1. primary data obtained at the field; 2. previously surveyed geospatial information, digital or printed; and 3. images from satellites. In this context, this work has the aim of demonstrating the use of the GIS as a tool for the management and organization of the information platforms generated by the GeoDegrade project.Pages: 2487-249
Aplicação do Operador de Fragmentação Assimétrica (FA) para estimativas da rugosidade superficial a partir de mapas digitais de elevação
No full textRoughness length (z0) of land surfaces is an essential variable for the wind power assessment. Numerous formulations to derive the roughness length can be found in many studies, but as mentioned by many authors, our ability to assign accurate values of z0 remains problematic. In this paper is proposed the application of the Asymmetrical Fragmentation Operator (FA) to characterize the roughness over complex surface land cover. The FA operator was applied to digital elevation model relative to 10 different regions where anemometric towers were installed. The FA values were compared to roughness length estimated for local sites from anemometric (micrometeorological) methods and morphometric (or geometric) methods. Results show that the FA is able to detect geomorphologic features related to local wind behavior, which are not detected by roughness length estimated from anemometric (micrometeorological) methods and morphometric (or geometric) methods.Pages: 9055-906
Ferramenta SIG de cálculo de estimativa populacional para o planejamento urbano na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
No full textOne of the biggest challenges in managing big cities is to have complete and trustful information about it. In this area, the Geoprocessing Office of Pereira Passos Institute, a Rio de Janeiros City Hall Autarchy, develops web applications to allow public managers and the overall public a better knowledge of the city characteristics. This paper describes the development and show the results of one of these web apps, one that is intended to do estimative calculations of inhabitants per area of the city, using as input a user provided zone. The ArGis software package was used to develop this tool, from the creation of the dataset it reads, a population per pixel raster, to the publication of the map and geoprocessing services. The biggest challenge faced by the team was the creation of the population per pixel raster, to which was used as input the polygons of the census tracts of the last census research made in Brazil, form 2010. The results show a good quality on the estimative calculation, proved by tests that are shown during the full text. At this day the web app is available at Pereira Passos Institute website for sharing city information, known as Armazém de Dados (Data Warehouse), and can be used by anyone with an internet access.Pages: 4746-475
Sensoriamento remoto aplicado a estimativas de comprimento de rugosidade superficial
No full textRoughness length has commonly been estimated for local sites from anemometric (micrometeorological) methods and morphometric (or geometric) methods. This study contribute to the sparse literature on determination of roughness length from Remote Sensing (RS). Estimates from Remote Sensing were compared with anemometrically determined roughness length. The wind data for 10 m height, was collected by equipment projected for data acquisition and real time monitoring of wind. The system is composed by meteorological sensor (air temperature, wind speed and direction).The system also counts with a data storage unit, solar panels, batteries and a transmission antenna which allow the data set be transmitted by satellite. The data, corresponding to 10 towns on the São Paulo State (Andradina, Cananeia, Ilha Solteira, Rio Claro, Santos, Tatuí, Teodoro Sampaio, Três Lagoas, Ubatuba, Votuporanga) is collected at 1 hours of time interval and is transmitted by satellite for a reception station. As in most situations wind speeds are fairly modeled by the Weibull PDF, we investigate the relationship between statistical parameter of Weibull PDF and the roughness length. The results indicate that RS can be useful to estimate the roughness length for spatially different land cover.Pages: 9124-913
Estado de proteção das margens do rio São Francisco: trecho Juazeiro/BA-Petrolina/PE
No full textUnderstand the stages of current use and occupation of land on the banks of rivers is crucial for planning and managing these environments. Watersheds as the São Francisco river need, increasingly, studies that aim to contribute to the planning of the use of their land, as well as its key resource, water. In this context, this article aims to present the current situation of land use in the areas bordering the São Francisco River in the stretch that includes the cities of Petrolina and Juazeiro states of Pernambuco and Bahia respectively, taking into account the degree of protection these uses related to water body. From an orbital image obtained by the TM sensor coupled to the Landsat 5 was obtained the Ajusted Soil Vegetation Index (SAVI). The results point that the outcome of the SAVI, befits with the reality observed in the field and that the use of land for the crops that use irrigation, allied with areas with exposed soils put the banks of the São Francisco River with a low degree of laminar erosion protection and washout the banks. Given the current structure of the submitted land use in the margins of 1 km from the river São Francisco expose out how much has been dedicated to the protection and preservation of the water environment.Pages: 3329-333