National Institute for Space Research
Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPENot a member yet
6175 research outputs found
Sort by
Uso de imagens de radar SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) na espacialização da temperatura do ar no estado do Espírito Santo
No full textThe objective of this work was to develop mathematical models to estimate for estimation of air temperatures (minimum, medium and maximum), monthly and annual to state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and spatializing information based on a digital elevation model (MDE), obtained through radar data from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). The equations were developed with the use of multiple regression analysis, is adopting the linear model, which had as independent variables the altitude, latitude and longitude as the dependent variable and the air temperature. The coefficients of the equations were determined using the base as the monthly average air temperatures for the period from 1977 to 2006, obtained on fourteen meteorological stations distributed throughout the state. The images SRTM were mosaics, resulting in a single image with average values of altitude and their geographic coordinates for the entire state. The statistical analysis of regression have shown the level of adjustment of the dados obtained by of the linear statistical model, which showed adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 0.94 to 0.97, with good performance to estimate the air temperature in places where it is not measured. The use of SRTM identified with very sensitive to variation of relief, demonstrating efficiency and estimate the results of spatial air temperature, helping to improve the results in relation to simple interpolation of the measured data on meteorological stations, especially in regions of relief bumpy.Pages: 4272-427
Reconhecimento de Padrões de Relevo da Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paranhana/RS pela Análise de Modelo Numérico de Terreno
No full textThe Sub-Basin of Rio Paranhana (SBHRP) is part of the watershed of the Rio dos Sinos in the Center-Northeast of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. In regional terms, the SBHRP is related to the morphostructure of the Parana Basin. This is a region where the heigth exceeds 900 meters in municipalities such as Gramado and Canela with dominance of sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The structural lineaments, which control the drainage network and define the roughness of the terrain, were identified from the relief shading technique of SRTM image processed in ENVI 4.5 software. The numerical model of terrain (MNT) was generated in Arcgis 9.2 software from the data of continuous vector cartographic Base of Rio Grande do Sul (1:50,000). With the Landsat image was performed a merger to increase the spatial resolution which assisted the interpretation of morphosculptures. Using the MNT and Landsat-7 ETM was possible to identify morphostructure and morphosculptures units, which were classified in four main units: Basalt Plateau, Plateau Basalt Plateau, low Hills and Narrow River Plain Average. The first two units are linked to acidic volcanic rocks of the Serra Geral Formation, the third unit to the sandstone rocks linked the Botucatu formation, and the fourth unit was linked to the Cenozoic sedimentary deposits.Pages: 3502-350
Comparação dos produtos altimétricos TOPODATA, LAF e medidas in situ em região de topografia complexa
No full textSince SRTM data became available, many studies utilized them for applications in geomorphology, topography, vegetation cover studies, tsunami assessment, and urban studies, among others. Recently, a scientific project (http://www.dsr.inpe.br/laf/canasat) engendered on Brazilian National Institute for Space Research, developed a tool for instantaneous visualization of MODIS time series within the concept of a virtual laboratory framework. In addition, a tool was built to assess the elevation anisotropy around selected points. This tool uses the elevation model information available in the Google maps API. The anisotropy visualization is a simple polar plot of elevation around two simple circles, allowing a rapid view of the topography around the selected point. This tool allows interactivity and provides a range of distance between the center of the selected coordinate and the sampled circles. However, overall assessment of the accuracy of this product requires additional regional studies involving accuracy verification methods with higher level of precision, such as the global positioning system (GPS) and TOPODATA. The study presented in this paper is based on ground truth control collected with GPS system, with differential base station data, in a mountain in the Itajubá city. The results indicated a good convergence of values.Pages: 4534-453
Geoprocessamento aplicado aos levantamentos geológicos históricos da Comissão da Carta Geológica do Paraná, no âmbito do Terreno Paranaguá
No full textThe GIS tools provide facilities for research, evaluation, organization and publication of geological historical data. The data produced by the Comissão da Carta Geológica do Paraná was made through a geological systematic mapping accomplished in the eastern Paraná State, between the 60's and 70's, which resulted in a set of geological maps with scales between 1:50.000 and 1:75.000. The GIS techniques were applied in old recovered materials used at the time of the survey, as topographic maps and overlays of geological graphics obtained by Aero-Skechtmaster tool. This research allowed an overview of geological framework, raising relevant issues about the maps, as coordinate system and accuracy of maps projection, as well the mapping techniques and the system of nomenclature of igneous and metamorphic rocks used at time, based on Jung and Roques (1952) and Mehnert (1968) classifications, no longer used nowadays. The mosaicking highlight discrepancies between limits, as outlined discontinuities in geological boundaries, structures and geographical information. Issues such as the lack of map projection or even the discrepancy of classification systems and nomenclature are still under research, where techniques will be developed to match the whole data of Comissão da Carta Geológica do Paraná with current systems and actualized stratigraphic names.Pages: 4510-451
Análisis del desarrollo de pasturas en áreas de ganadería extensiva de Uruguay utilizando EVI
No full textSe caracterizó y analizó el comportamiento relativo del desarrollo de las pasturas en tres zonas de producción ganadera extensiva en Uruguay: Basalto superficial, Cristalino y Sierras del Este. Se utilizaron imágenes del índice de vegetación EVI del sensor MODIS desde el año 2000 al año 2011. Siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Blackmore et. al (2003) se delimitaron áreas de mayor y menor vulnerabilidad del desarrollo de pasturas en primavera y verano de las zonas en estudio. En cuando al análisis de vulnerabilidad dentro de la estación se observa que la primavera presenta una vulnerabilidad de media a media alta mientras que en el verano se registran mayormente vulnerabilidades altas y bajas. La zona más vulnerable para el verano fue la zona sur del Basalto superficial mientras que la de vulnerabilidad más baja fue las Sierras del este (seguramente influenciada por la presencia de árboles y arbustos nativos). Por último y en relación al análisis de vulnerabilidad entre años, en primavera se observan zonas de vulnerabilidad baja a media alta, no registrándose zonas claras de alta vulnerabilidad. En verano se evidencia un incremento de las áreas de vulnerabilidad alta, particularmente en la zonas de Basalto superficial y oeste de las Sierras del este.Pages: 8722-872
Mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra a partir da segmentação e classificação orientada a objetos em imagens do TM/Landsat-5: caso de estudo de parte do município de Brasil Novo - PA
No full textRemote sensing techniques are essential for monitoring land cover and land use changes, especially in large areas such as the municipalities of northern Brazil. This paper discusses the application of the Linear Spectral Mixing Model (LSMM) and segmentation techniques in TM/Landsat-5 images for mapping land use and land cover classes with respect to deforestation in an area of the municipality of Brasil Novo in the state of Pará. We attempt to correlate the areas of deforestation, which began with the construction of the Trans-Amazonian Highway (BR-230), with the new areas of forest clearing, driven by the creation of settlements, which use the river channels as outflow routes. To understand this dynamic, we adopt a temporal analysis, with satellite images from 1991 and 2011. Image interpretation is carried out using segmentation followed by object-oriented classification, with the help of fraction images derived from the LSMM to aid the classification process. By analyzing the results, we note a reduction in forest areas of 82.23% in 1991 to 53.14% in 2011. Deforestation is found to be more intense in the vicinity of the Trans-Amazonian Highway and along river channels. This pattern is in strong association with the agrarian structure predominant in this area of the Brazilian Amazon.Pages: 7754-776
Geotecnologias aplicadas à caracterização de estruturas e tipos de rocha
No full textIdentification of geological attributes by Remote Sensing is an important tool for geological mapping. Many possibilities of image treatment for geological purpose are possible, such as RGB composition of bands, filters, contrasts and mathematical models. This study aims to test the Principal Components Analysis as a technique of identification of lithotypes and geological structures. For that purpose, it was selected two Landsat TM sensor images that partly cover the states of Minas Gerais, Espiríto Santo and Bahia, in Brazil. For each image, it was created six new Principal Components bands with the Principal Components Analysis. PC1 hold the information of all original bands while PC6 contain the image noises present in each band separately. The others remaining PC´s contain the intermediary information between PC1 and PC6. Multiple RGB compositions using the PC´s bands were tested. Add to that, it was used geological maps and field observations to check the spectral response of elements in the image composition. The best RGB composition depend on what you are looking for. Analysis of structural components were nicely displayed using the composition R(PC1)G(PC3)B(PC4), while sedimentary covers were better discriminated using the R(PC6)G(PC5)B(PC3) composition. Distinction between different types of rocks as non foliated granite from gneisses or schists was achieved with the R(PC6)G(PC5)B(PC4) composition. Overall, the advantage of using RGB compositions with PC´s is the increase of the numbers of bands that can be used in the image processing. Therefore, exist more ways of identifying an geological attributes using the same Landsat image.Pages: 3736-374
Avaliação da fragmentação da cobertura natural em uma bacia experimental no Cerrado
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate Sarandi stream experimental basin fragmentation of natural cover in the Cerrado. The first step was the land cover analysis, based on high-resolution aerial photography and visual interpretation on screen, considering the color, shape and texture. This map allowed the natural cover fragmentation analysis, based on landscape metrics. There were identified seven phytophysiognomies: Mata de Galeria, Cerrado Típico, Cerrado Ralo, Cerrado with Trembleya, Campo Sujo, Campo Limpo e Campo Limpo Úmido. The Cerrado Típico covered 24% of this basin surface, followed by Mata de Galeria (9.21%), Cerrado Ralo (4.5%), Campo Limpo (3.36%), Campo Limpo Úmido (3.50%), Campo Sujo (0.08%) and Cerrado with Trembleya (0.07%). The Cerrado Típico and the Matas de Galeria showed 20 and 15 patches and the highest patch size variation, 277,69% and 152,21%, respectively. The Matas de Galeria showed the highest Total Edge (64,564 meters) with 20,7 meter per hectares Edge Density. The Mata de Galeria formation followed the river what evidenced the highest Mean Shape Index (2.64) and Area-Weighted mean shape index (4.3). These metric evaluations allowed the identification of the main spatial characteristics and possible connections between the patches. This approach improves the comprehension about energetic fluxes and the landscape environmental services and the ecological corridors formation. Besides that this knowledge should be used in the natural resources sustainable management and natural cover fragmentation reduction.Pages: 3062-306
Calibration and Validation of the RapidEye constellation
No full textRapidEye operates a constellation of 5 identical Earth viewing multispectral imaging satellites. Image products are provided in 5 spectral bands and 5m resolution. The constellation is capable of viewing any spot on the Earth within one day. Imaging capacity can exceed 5 million sqkm/day, and since the RapidEye constellation has gone operational, it has amassed an archive of more than 3 billion sqkm. All 5 satellites are rigorously calibrated both geometrically and radiometrically. This paper focuses on the radiometric side of the calibration, breaking it down into three categories: absolute, temporal, and spatial. The absolute calibration guarantees that RapidEye image products accurately represent the measured physical radiance. RapidEye has worked with the University of Arizona for a number of years performing vicarious calibration campaigns at two different calibration sites. Temporal calibration handles any sensor degradations over the lifetime of the satellite, and makes sure all 5 satellites agree with each other, so there are no significant differences between data captured with two different RapidEye satellites. 26 different pseudo invariant calibrations across the globe are used to ensure this. Spatial calibration addresses any visual issues with the imagery, primarily striping and banding. RapidEye uses three different methods to ensure all products are free of visual defects.Pages: 9143-915
Análise, subsidiada nas geotecnologias, do uso da terra e da cobertura vegetal na região sudoeste mato-grossense, contida na Bacia Amazônica
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the change in land use and land cover of the south west region of the state of Mato Grosso, contained in the Amazon basin, with the aim of generating information that will help in planning and environmental management regional. The methodology used was from the acquisition of Landsat images 5TM of the years 1984 and 2011 on the site of the National Institute for Space Research - INPE, in which were employed the techniques of georeferencing, mosaic, cutout and classification, and the classes of mapping defined from the references of the Project of Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity Brazilian - PROBIO (BRAZIL, 2004) and technical manual for vegetation and land use (IBGE, 1992). The quantification and the layouts of the maps were generated in ArcGis. The results showed that the types of land use and vegetation cover of the south west region wetland contained in the Amazon basin have suffered changes during the period of twenty-eight years, because the area that suffered more changes were occupied by uses: agriculture, Livestock and livestock. Therefore, the maps and data generated can help in planning and regional management, particularly in relation to the environmental conservation, whereas the existence in the region of the State Parks of The Sierra de Santa Barbara and Sierra Ricardo Franco.Pages: 7571-757