National Institute for Space Research
Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPENot a member yet
6175 research outputs found
Sort by
Classificação digital de imagem de satélite de alta resolução espacial na identificação de habitats de recifes de coral das praias de Ponta Verde e Jatiúca, Maceió-AL
No full textThis article records a digital classification of satellite images with a high spatial resolution on shallow coral reefs by maximum-likelihood classification method. After classification process the categories identified were submitted to confusion matrix and Kappa coefficient to check the quality of thematic map, which recorded an index of 0.77, value that corresponds to an excellent classification performance. We identified seven habitat categories (with sampling in situ), highlighting the dominance of macroalgae and soft corals, which together include approximately 40% of the studied area.Pages: 1221-122
Capacitação em geoprocessamento de funcionários municipais da região sudoeste do estado de Goiás para apoio à gestão do espaço urbano/regional
No full textThe changes in urban space, mainly related to economic, social and technological development, must be accompanied by a labored study of territorial planning, involving aspects related to environmental comfort for people, which may count on with the aid of tools for processing and analyzing geospatial data, available in structured technologies of the field of Geomatics. In order to mitigate the problems created by these changes the Ministry of Cities created the Training Program of the cities that covers university extension projects, with emphasis on capacity of public and social agents in development of actions to support municipal and state public sections aimed at institutional development. It is extremely important the involvement of these servers in training courses offered by higher education institutions, involving spatial analysis of geographic data. These professionals, besides being very important for the local government, can also constantly assist in the organization of geospatial information, making it available to the database of the national territory. After the training, employees will be able to organize and process geospatial themes data in matters pertaining to the management routines and territorial planning, related to National Policy of Urban Development (Urban Planning, Housing, Sanitation, Transit, Transportation and Urban Mobility), municipalities located in the southwestern region of the state of Goiás.Pages: 1038-104
Sistema de informação geográfica na integração do conhecimento científico e tecnológico da cafeicultura em Minas Gerais
No full textMinas Gerais State produces 50% of Brazilian coffee. The Agricultural Research Corporation of the State of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) is responsible for research and development related to the coffee crop in the state. In partnership with the Brazilian Coffee Research and Development Consortium (CBP & D / Café) EPAMIG has being investigating, since 2000, in the areas of genetic improvement, management, incidence of pests and diseases, quality of the drink, quality of seeds, land use and environmental characterization. The aim of this study is to improve knowledge management of the coffee's research performed at EPAMIG using geotecnologies, more precisely, through integration of data on a single, centralized and georeferenced database. Data were selected, pre-processed, and integrated into a database developed with OMT-G's model. GIS Spring and PostgreSQL DBMS were also used. The organization, unification and spatializing allows better management of data gathered in 12 years of research, providing subsidies to generate new knowledge and a macro view of these results. It is expected that the database set assists managers and researchers to clarify doubts and validate models, particularly in decision-making for Minas Gerais coffee growing.Pages: 688-69
Avaliação das Estimativas de Precipitação do satélite TRMM para o Estado de Goiás: uma abordagem climatológica
No full textPrecipitation is one of the most important climatological parameters regarding the socio-economic well-being of a region, although it is one of the most difficult parameter to measure due to its high spatial-temporal variability. In fact, ground precipitation stations in Brazil are few and badly distributed, particularly in the northern and central regions of Brazil, and as such, satellite data can prove to be instrumental. Within this context, this study seeks to evaluate the accumulated monthly precipitation data obtained from the satellite TRMM (algorithm 3B43), comparatively to ground station data obtained from ANA (National Water Agency) for the state of Goiás, for the period of 2000 to 2007. For that, precipitation data from TRMM was extracted over each ground station and a mean accumulated monthly precipitation was obtained for each year from 2000 to 2007 and for each source (satellite and ground data). The analyses showed that the estimated satellite rainfall data accompanied well the variation in rainfall, according to the climate of Goiás. The correlations between monthly precipitations were higher for the intermediary months in the rainy period (October to April) (r = 0,80 for February) and for the dry period (May to September) (r = 0,85 in July). An annual analysis showed that the year 2006 was atypical. For each year and for most months of the year, with the exception of January, the data from TRMM tended to superestimate the precipitation amount over Goiás.Pages: 1938-194
Mapa de vulnerabilidade de desmatamento na sub-bacia hidrográfica rio Cochá em Minas Gerais
No full textGiven the high rate of deforestation in northern Minas Gerais, the article aims to generate a map of vulnerability to deforestation in sub-basin of the river Cocha - SF9, classes represented by very low, low, medium, high and very high. The tool used was the weighted overlay (overlay Weighted) in ArcGIS application, knowing that the variables vegetation, slope and conservation unit, an image captured with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). To obtain the weights used to the deforestation polygons in the period July 2009 to June 2010, which were superimposed on these variables in order to get the area cleared in each of these, so they can establish a scale of vulnerability. To validate the map polygons was used detected at a later date, which is related to July 2010 to June 2011. It was found that 48% of the cleared areas are at very high class, 37% up, 13% on average, 2% in low and no clearing in very low. It was noted that areas with savannah vegetation outside of protected areas with slopes less steep and are more vulnerable to deforestation. The elaboration of a vulnerability map is an important tool to be used in future studies of prevention.Pages: 5155-516
Alteração da produção agrícola e uso da terra do município de juazeiro (Bahia) de 1990 a 2008: aplicação da metodologia do shift-share
No full textWith the profound changes in the semi-arid region resulting from the implementation of the poles irrigated, there was a change in the context of agricultural production that makes us perceive different aspects of the rural Bahia. This work intends to conduct a spatial analysis of the agricultural system, to identify and quantify changes in agricultural production in Bahia, resulting from the modernization of agriculture, started in the 70s, the deployment of irrigated agriculture in semi-arid, using as the study area Juazeiro in the period from 1990 to 2008. This study was divided into two stages: the first was the development of a conventional database and other space built from the municipal agricultural production (permanent and temporary), considering 23 products, the second step was the application of the model shift-share on these data, to check for changes in production due to the effects of composition (and field replacement); this area as main indicator, there was the insertion of new agricultural products, only possible through irrigation.Pages: 632-63
Soil dynamics estimation using Landsat data in Saratov Povolzhye region (Russia)
No full textSoil undoubtedly plays an important role in agricultural production. However, negative tendencies in the soil formation processes of arable lands (dehumification, salinization, wind and water erosion, acidation) can be widely observed nowadays. Moreover, there is a lack of up-to-date information about occurred changes in arable soil cover. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an approach that will allow accurate and timely assessment of soil properties dynamics. The presented research deals with the application of satellite data for estimating the soil properties dynamics of arable soil cover by the example of the test plot in Saratov Povolzhye region. Suggested approach relies on the soil line concept (Richardson, Wiegand, 1977) and on the relationship between the soil line parameters and soil characteristics. It enables to perform per pixel analysis of soil cover, to mark out the plots where sharp or gradual changes in soil properties took place as well as to assess the general direction of those changes (trend presence estimation by the Foster-Stuart method). The important result of the developed approach application is the map of soil cover dynamics of the test plot for recent 30 years developed after the analysis of 17 Landsat TM 5 scenes from 1984 up to 2010.Pages: 237-24
Análise da cobertura da terra no entorno da sede municipal de Altamira e de Santarém, no período de 1990 a 2010, através de imagens TM/Landsat
No full textScientific literature suggests that in Amazon, there are several factors and agents that operate and condition different speeds, patterns and processes of deforestation and occupation. This paper aims to map land use and land cover around the cities of Santarém and Altamira, in the years 1990 and 2010, as well as evaluate the application of Linear Spectral Mixture Model - LSMM to land use classification, land cover and urban expansion of these cities, using the categorization proposed by IBGE (anthropogenic non-agricultural areas, agricultural areas, natural vegetation and water). The proposed methodology involves the usage of remote sensing images, application of LSMM, supervised classification and matrix editing. The results show that the fractions of shade and soil are suited to differentiate classes of land use and land cover, providing the best discrimination of targets of interest. However, to reach an acceptable level of accuracy, a hybrid method was used, combining supervised classification with matrix and vectorial editing. The resulting classification of land cover and land use reflected in space socioeconomic data and occupation dynamics to both cities.Pages: 7548-755
Análise da evapotranspiração real diária para diferentes usos e coberturas do solo da bacia do rio Negrinho-SC por meio do modelo SEBAL e imagens ASTER
No full textThis study analyzed the daily actual evapotranspiration (ET24h) of the Rio Negrinho watershed, in Santa Catarina, through the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) using an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal and Emission Radiometer (ASTER) image. Utilizing an image and meteorological data of April 13th, 2006, the SEBAL calculated the latent heat flux (LE) as a residual of the surface energy balance, allowing the estimative of the ET24h. In order to analyze the results, maps were created and statistical parameters were calculated from different samples of land use. The highest LE values were found in areas of dense vegetation, and the lowest, in urban and bare soil areas. In terms of LE mean values, the highest were water, native vegetation and reforestation areas (416, 478 and 509 Wm-2, respectively). The urban area and bright bare soil areas had the lowest mean values (270 and 309 Wm-2, respectively). As expected, the ET24h behavior followed the same trend of the LE, with the highest values for water, native vegetation and reforestation, with mean values of 4.2, 4.3 and 4.5 mm.day-1, respectively, ranging from 4.1 to 5.3 mm.day-1. Values from 0.0 to 2.7 mm.day-1 were concentrated in urban and bright bare soil areas. It was concluded that the SEBAL and the ASTER image enabled the analysis of the ET24h distribution on the studied watershed. It was also observed that, due to the large surface cover, vegetation has a major influence on the ET24h rate of the watershed.Pages: 5856-586
Estudo de manchas de inundação utilizando imagem SRTM nas proximidades da área urbanizada da sede do município de Alegre-ES
No full textFloods are natural events that occur due to leakage of water from the lower bed of a river. The located in areas with low slope and reliefs downgraded, as the river plains, where no accumulation of water and sediment are most affected by floods. Get study of susceptible areas to flooding is important for the growth of the urban area. Today, with the ease of access to modern Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and to the study generated from data readily available or collected in the field, you can develop various types of analyzes in connection with studies of geological risks. In this paper a preliminary study will be done with the ultimate goal of generating a map of spot flooding in an area in the municipality of Alegre-ES. For this, we used a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to generate various data that will bring positive results on subject, using GIS tools. The goal is to generate altimetry, drainage and slope capable of serving as tool to create two maps of spot flooding, one from 1 m and other with 2 m of quotas flood. The interpretation of this map will take into account the way that the population could expand without having future flooding problems.Pages: 3603-361