National Institute for Space Research
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Análise espacial dos fragmentos florestais em de São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo - MG
No full textForest fragmentation is one of the principal causes of biodiversity loss, affecting the availability and quality of natural resources. In this context, the mapping of forest fragments is presented as a tool for planning and environmental conservation. The application of Landscape Ecology Metrics, through the use of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, enables fast and efficient analysis of the structure of the landscape in which forest fragments are embedded. In the municipality of São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo / MG, forest fragmentation is the result of predatory use of natural resources over time, conditioned by the historical process of occupation, making it necessary to quantify and monitor the condition of forest cover. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze and map the structure of forest landscape in the municipality of São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo by the landscape ecology metrics. The classification of RapidEye satellite images was conducted in the software SPRING, while the calculation of the metrics of the fragments was performed in ArcGIS 9.3 software, by extending V-LATE. In a general context, the forest landscape of the city is preserved, highlighting the percentage occupied by semi deciduous forest class (37.5%). However, the level of landscape fragmentation is high. Over 90% of forest cover is in fragments with an area smaller than 10 hectares, generating patterns of average shape more regulars (1-2) and smallers distances from neighboring fragments (80.1% of the fragments are less than 100 meters).Pages: 2921-292
Influência do ângulo de incidência de imagens RADARSAT-1 no retroespalhamento de floresta de mangue e campos inundáveis (norte do estado do Maranhão)
No full textThis study presents an analysis to the influence incidence angle of images Radarsat-1 in backscattering coefficients for mangroves and freshwater marshes in Baixada Maranhense (Northern Maranhão State). The modes images analysed are: Wide 1 (20\ub0 - 31\ub0), Fine 3N (41,1\ub0 - 43,7\ub0) e Fine 5F (45,6\ub0 - 47,8\ub0) and were acquired during the rainy season under high rainfall and different tide conditions. The images were subjected to quantitative analysis of the backscattering values (σ °) by the method analysis separability by transformed divergence. The backscattering analysis of these images showed a low separability for small incident angles (20° to 31°), while the images acquired at incidence angles larger (41\ub0 to 47 \ub0) separability is slightly higher when analyzed mangroves and freshwater marshes.Pages: 8515-852
Análise multitemporal da cobertura vegetal do Parque Estadual da Cachoeira da Fumaça/ES
No full textMultitemporal analysis is the extraction of information from the same location data obtained at different times and is used in various studies, including monitoring of plant cover in parks. The study area includes the State Park Cachoeira da Fumaça, which is a conservation area and is part of the Atlantic forest biome. Its creation took place in the year 1984 and there was expansion of its area in 2009. To analyze the behavior of the vegetation in the Park, the present work had as objective to make a multitemporal analysis of its plant cover, in 1985, 1998 and 2010 years, using images from the satellite Landsat 5 TM sensor, in the bands 3, 4 and 5. The processing and analysis of data was carried out by means of software Spring 5.2. and ArcGIS\uae10. Supervised classification was used by maximum likelihood and picture from it were generated thematic maps with three classes: forest, pasture area and others to monitor the processes of forest regeneration and/or deforestation of the area. The results showed that during the period of 25 years the area classified as forest had an increase of 18.73%, this increase can be explained by initiatives of conservation management for conservation and reforestation of areas with native species. The pasture was 19.55% reduction and the other had increased 0.92 percent. The application of supervised classification of pictures proved effective for detection of changes in vegetation cover and environmental monitoring.Pages: 1735-174
Sistema de Auxílio à Navegação com Monitoramento e Orientação Remota Adaptado para o Treinamento de Atletas Cegos em Pista de Atletismo
No full textThe practice of athletics for the visually impaired class B1 is of paramount importance in many aspects, but one of the major problems for the practice of this sport is the availability of guides-athletes for training. Through this problem we developed the present study, whose main objective was to implement an assistive technology for blind athletes navigation category B1, with the aid of GPS, monitoring their movement during training in athletics track with the possibility of remote guidance when and if appropriate. Therefore, we sought to empower training for these athletes, so that they did not need to be accompanied by guide-athletes. Through a risk map previously created from the track, it was possible to carry out the monitoring of the use of technology sprinter with AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location). The athlete was guided by his coach via a UHF radio (Very High Frequency) at a monitoring station, without visual contact with the runner spot. This equipment provided to visually impaired athlete to go running track independently, and therefore guaranteed great gain your self esteem. The system should still receive some adjustments as improved aesthetics and ergonomics, reducing the amount of wires and electronic boards, reduced size, weight etc.Pages: 4474-447
Avaliação do impacto dos reservatórios em cascata sobre o fluxo de sedimentos no rio Paranapanema
No full textAutomated monitoring of river sediments using images of the spatial sensor MODIS allows monitoring of large areas at low cost, enabling the national hydro-meteorological network expansion. The Brazilian National Water Agency ANA and the Institut de Recherche pour Le Développement IRD develop techniques for using of images sensors for the operationalization of the spatial data processing for automated monitoring of hydrological parameters such as suspended sediment concentration, chlorophyll-a and river levels. The aim of this study is to test the methodology developed within the framework of the project ANA/IRD, assessing the sediment flow into the Paranapanema River, using data from the MODIS sensor. Virtual stations were determined and the reflectance sensor MODIS data was analyzed from areas upstream and downstream of hydropower plants Jurumirim, Chavantes, Canoas II, Capivara, Taquaruçu and Rosana in the Paranapanema River; and in areas downstream and upstream from the mouth of the Paranapanema River in the Paraná River. Reflectance data of each area were compared with each other and with turbidity and total solids data from a in situ monitoring station 64214000 and with the useful volume data of some reservoirs. The results obtained in the Paranapanema River demonstrate the potential use of this technology for the determination of suspended sediment concentration and turbidity, allowing, after a fine calibration method with field data, the operation of the sediment monitoring of the Paranapanema river basin.Pages: 5896-590
Uso da Cartografia 3D para o resgate e preservação do patrimônio histórico da cidade de São João Marcos - RJ
No full textMany historical monuments in Brazil are being deteriorated and others have already been lost over the years. As an attempt to rescue the memory of one of the most important cities of Brazil from the nineteenth century, that currently has only the ruins of some of its buildings, it was prepared a three-dimensional modeling for its old structure. São João Marcos, as it was known in the past, was thMany historical monuments in Brazil are being deteriorated and others have already been lost over the years. As an attempt to rescue the memory of one of the most important cities of Brazil from the nineteenth century, that currently has only the ruins of some of its buildings, it was prepared a three-dimensional modeling for its old structure. São João Marcos, as it was known in the past, was the first Brazilian city preserved as a Cultural Monument by the Brazilian Office of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (SPHAN), because of its very old buildings with colonial style architecture, and not preserved anymore, due to a government decision to allow the use of this region for a hydroelectric plant. For the modeling of the old buildings and for the Digital Terrain Model, it was used a planialtimetric map of this city, produced before its destruction, some photographs of buildings of greater historical importance and also the Google SketchUP software. Considering that the idea of this work is just to provide a view of the model, the methodology applied was relatively simple. The measures of the buildings were taken from its own photographs. Furthermore, it was used a method of direct measurement done with tape, for the extraction of the dimensions from the remaining features, in order to evaluate the achieved results. The generated 3D model shows the Digital Terrain Model of this city and its eight more relevant historical buildings. This 3D model was presented as a way to perform a historical rescue of this city and it was aligned in the proposed objectives of this project. This research demonstrates the use of techniques from 3D cartography as tools that can be used in modeling or reconstruction of a historical heritage, no matter if it still exists or not.Pages: 2062-206
Mapeamento do uso da Terra e Desenvolvimento da Cultura da Soja Numa Fazenda do Sul de Mato Grosso a partir de Dados Medidos in loco e de Imagens Orbitais
No full textThe study aimed to evaluate the potential use of vegetation index (NDVI) images produced by the MODIS sensor for monitoring the development of soybean plants grown in the 2011/2012 harvest in the farm Itiquira MT. We used two images of MODIS / Terra, and a product image MOD13Q1 TM / Landsat. We also used a map (digital vector) with the limits of the stands and phenological data provided by farm and still spot surveys conducted in two field studies in order to measure and record pictures in the physiological development of soybean plants. In mapping the land use land consequently the agricultural production areas of the farm, it was adopted as a strategy, do it the first image TM/Landsat which has higher spatial resolution (30m), to serve as control of the results obtained on the MODIS / NDVI that has lower spatial resolution (250m). After the georeferenced image TM / Landsat suffered supervised classification method of Maximum Likelihood (Petrini et al., 2011). Since the MODIS / NDVI suffered through four-dimensional classification ranges of NDVI values. As a result it was found in the LANDSAT image that 67.96% of the image area met with agricultural crop against 32.04% of the natural vegetation comprising areas of forest and savannah. Since the MODIS / NDVI were effective for monitoring the development of soybean plants allowing even check variations of such development within the areas of each plot. In this sense the achievements of field surveys (measurements and photographic record) were of paramount importance.Pages: 1602-160
Identificação de vegetação aquática submersa em período de alta infestação e maior turbidez aplicando mapeamento por ângulo espectral em espectros de reflectância-estudo de caso
No full textSubmerged aquatic vegetation is an important component of aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, its unbalanced development causes environmental and economic impacts, commonly observed in modified environments as reservoirs of hydroelectric dam, in Brazil. However, the mapping of these plants is hampered by the water column over the vegetation canopy and the optically active components that scatter and absorb the radiation throughout the water column. Turbidity is a variable that indicates the presence of particulate material in the water body which contributes to the attenuation of the radiation. Thus, this work aims to identify the signal of submerged aquatic vegetation at different heights of water column on the vegetation canopy, in the period of greatest infestation and high turbidity (summer). To identify the contribution of macrophytes in the recorded signal, it was used a supervised classification approached on Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). Several tests were made by applying the SAM in different wavelength ranges, including absorption bands in the regions from yellow to red, from the red-edge to near infrared, as well as the analyzed full spectrum (400 - 850 nm). This paper presents the results obtained in the classification of reflectance spectra using SAM to evaluate the ability to identify the presence of submerged aquatic plants in conditions of high turbidity. The results indicated a better performance of the algorithm when applied over full spectrum. The band intervals in the visible and infrared did not show good results probably due to the greater influence of turbidity.Pages: 8861-886
Análise multitemporal do uso e cobertura da terra no município de Faxinal do Soturno-RS nos anos de 1986, 1996, 2006 e 2011
No full textThe objective is to evaluate changes in land use and cover, in the municipality of Faxinal Soturno, Rio Grande do Sul, in the years 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2011. The images from the Landsat TM sensor 5, four classes were classified use and land cover: "Forest" "Field", "Bare Soil" and "Water". The classification was supervised way, using the algorithm MaxVer (Maximum Likelihood). The data processing was performed on application SPRING 5.1.8. The results showed that there was an increase of 12,1 km2 in area woods, 1986 to 2011. In areas of the field there was an increase of 25,5 km2 between 1986 and 2006, but from 2006 to 2011 were reduced 10,54 km2. The areas of exposed soil 27,52 km2 decreased throughout the study period. Areas occupied by water are very common in the region, mainly formed by flooded rice fields, this class has remained virtually unchanged in terms of this crop is the main source of income for farmers for many decades. These events may be related to the growth of native forests in areas that were previously occupied by agriculture and livestock, indeed elapsed largely rural RS due to the rural exodus and increased enforcement of environmental violations forest.Pages: 7361-736
Modelagem, estruturação e implantação de um banco de dados geográfico de dados de pesquisa da cafeicultura mineira
No full textOver the last years, researchers linked the coffee production have generated a huge amount of data and scientific and technological information about the coffee in various fields of knowledge. Despite the importance of such data information are isolated, since each area of knowledge form your own database. These individualized bases which allow only partial and fragmentary visions of the coffee and limit the types of analysis that can be used. Another relevant issue is that the available information usually inaccessible to managers and their use is hampered by the complexity of the technologies and conceptual incompatibilities or geographical different sources.The objective of this study was to use the data model OMT-G as a tool for structuring, modeling and implementation of a geographic database that integrates information from the last twelve years of research on coffee growing mining, generated by researchers from the Empresa de PesquisaAgropecuária de Minas Gerais - Epamig as well as the necessary cartographic databases. The integration of data and all processing required were made using the Georeferenced Information Processing System (SPRING). As a result it was possible to determine models for representation of each data, integrate them conflict-free and perform the queries needed for the generation of cartographic products. The models obtained are available in Vertical Portal GeoSolos - http://www.epamig.br/geosolos.Pages: 6002-600