National Institute for Space Research
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Série histórica de desflorestamento nas Áreas Prioritárias para Conservação da Flora no estado de Minas Gerais
No full textThe aim of this paper was to compare, through a temporal series of satellite images, the evolution of the deforestation within Priority Flora Conservation Areas with other areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The temporal series consisted of Landsat 5 TM satellite images acquired from the years 2003 to 2011. The deforestation polygons were identified based on data collected during the Continuous Native Flora Monitoring of the State of Minas Gerais project, conducted by the Laboratory for the Study and Projects on Forest Management at the Federal University of Lavras, Brazil. The Priority Flora Conservation Areas were classified as Extreme, Very High, High, Special, Potential and Corridor, and this classification was instituted by the Brazilian Ministry of Environment through the Decree number 5092 of 21 May 2004, and through the Ordinance number 126 of 27 May 2004. The results showed that 42.96%, 44.43%, 60.46%, and 57.44%, of the deforestation polygons detected in the state of Minas Gerais, during the respective years of 2003 to 2005, 2005 to 2007, 2007 to 2009 and 2009 to 2011 were located within Priority Flora Conservation Areas. The classes that have suffered minor and major pressure during the analyzed period were respectively Extreme and Corridor.Pages: 7445-745
Estimativa da biomassa para as espécies florestais Quercus rotundifolia e Quercus suber com base em imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial
No full textThe forest biomass has had a growing importance in the global economy, by applications in bioenergy, development of bioproducts and issues related to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Forest biomass is a global strategic reserve that must be inventoried and monitored. Current techniques for inventory and monitoring of biomass, through the realization of forest inventory, are usually time consuming and expensive. Considering these facts, it is urgent to develop reliable techniques, low costs, to obtain this kind of information. Considering this problem, in this study we applied new techniques for processing of high spatial resolution satellite images. We used the method of multi-resolution segmentation and object-oriented classification to obtain the area of Tree Canopy Horizontal Projection to the forest species under study. With field measurements was also obtained area of Tree Canopy Horizontal Projection and was calculated the forest biomass. The relation between the results of these two methods allowed developing inventory technique to Quercus rotundifolia and Quercus suber forest species considering the Cumulative Canopy Horizontal Projection, measured by high resolution satellite imagery, with a prediction error lower than 5 %. This study was performed considering pure plots, where there is only one forest specie, and mixed plots with both forest species.Pages: 2709-271
Compatibilidade dos modelos DGM-1S e EGM2008 com metodologia RTM visando a futura obtenção de anomalias de altitude no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
No full textThis is starting series of work that computes de RTM effect in the south region of Brazil without taking account the difference between two grids of elevation models. The computation was carried out concerning the long waves of geopotential espectra are represented by Global Geopotential Models (MGGS) and the short ones are represented by digital elevation models (DEM). The medium waves of Geopotential spectra derived from terrestrial gravimetry were not considered here. The present kind of solution can be used to substitute the classical techniques of obtaining heights (e.g. spirit levelling) for techniques satellite only derived. The Brazilian case allows to use anomaly heights together RTM effect once the heights in the Brazil are normal-orthometric heights in a remove-restore procedure modern point of view. Moreover aspects showed in the classical references points out that the RTM effect from digital elevation models could be added to the height anomalies provided by MGGs to improve MGG models. So, In this work, the RTM effect by ETOPO1 was added to anomaly heights from DGM-1S model in a first moment. After this, the RTM effect by ETOPO1 was added to anomaly heights from EGM2008. Both results did not show expected answers. The associated errors are still being investigated.Pages: 2517-252
Análise da dinâmica das mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra no sudeste de Roraima-Amazônia Setentrional, através da subtração de imagens-fração
No full textThis study approached land use and land cover change dynamics in altered areas, through the study of conversions presented in agricultural colonization areas in the southeastern region of Roraima, Brazil. We used TM/Landsat optical images, processed by linear spectral mixing modeling, generating fraction images (soil, vegetation and shade) and applied as change detection technique, subtraction of fraction images. The difference-images were classified by Bhattacharyya algorithm, mapping existing conversions, according to field survey. The clustering of conversions according to the characteristics of gain and loss of biomass provided better classification performance, observed by the significant increase of Kappa. Conversions were analyzed in relation of colonization projects and distance to roads (BR-210 and vicinal roads). The results showed a predominance of opening conversions in newer colonization project areas (Entre Rios and São Luizão). São João da Baliza and Caroebe presented similar behavior in relation to the existing conversions, being the majority of them indicative of land use changes, which may explain the tendency of these regions to the livestock activity, as observed in the field survey. Entre Rios colonization project presented the highest total conversion area, with total of 28,408 ha in the studied period (2004-2010). Regarding the distance to roads, Entre Rios, Baliza and Caroebe presented new openings in more distant areas than São Luizão, featuring further advance in the forest area. Regarding the distance to BR-210, Baliza and Caroebe showed the concentration of opening conversions farther than Entre Rios, meaning greater penetration of vicinal roads in these two regions.Pages: 7523-753
Mapeamento da fragilidade ambiental do município de Fazenda Rio Grande (PR) com o apoio de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas
No full textIn Brazilian cities, we can notice that there are irregular occupations in public, private and risk areas, such as water bodies and areas with strong slope. Moreover, there is not observed routine technical procedures to identify, assess and diagnose in the precarious settlements, irregular or both as well. In fact, facing environmental studies, the use of geotechnology assists in the analysis and in determining the environmental vulnerability of an area or region by anthropogenic or natural, recognizing the potential of the environment. Although, the generation of cartographic products that express the level of scientific and technological knowledge available to understand and integrate the physical and socioeconomic variables, and designing the behavior of the environment according to their strengths and vulnerabilities, is a field of study of great importance in the context of environmental research. Therefore, this work fits this theme that the applicability of search-based theoretical and methodological knowledge, contributing to the provision of spatial analysis methodologies to support the process of territorial management of the Municipality of Fazenda Rio Grande, PR, contributing in planning coordinated actions that will prevent and mitigate the impact of natural disasters in areas with environmental vulnerability.Pages: 4265-427
Avaliação de índices espectrais aplicados à série multitemporal TM/Landsat 5 para o mapeamento de fitofisionomias e pastagem em ambiente de cerrado
No full textAccording to the 2006 Brazilian Agricultural Census, Brazil has over 102 million hectares of planted pastures, of which 90% are pastures in good conditions and 10% are degreded planted pasture. In Cerrado biome environments, the plant class known as Cerrado grassland (CG) is often used as pasture area, and is thus named a natural pasture area. Differentiating pasture areas in Cerrado environments becomes more difficult due to the similarities in floristic composition. Remote Sensing (SR) is therefore an important instrument for mappings and modelings, for the development of several satellites and the data they produce enabled accompanying changes in land use and land cover. This monitoring may be performed using temporal series of vegetation indices (IVs), for they accompany vegetation's fenological and seasonal changes. Thus, the objective of this work is to use IVs' temporal series to differentiate Wooded Cerrado (WC), Cerrado grassland (CG), vegetation class used as natural pasture (PN), and planted pastures (PP) using images of the TM sensor onboard Landsat-5 satellite. For nine years (2003 to 2011) of TM/Landsat-5 images, EVI, NDVI, NDWI and SAVI IVs temporal series of the IVs were generated. In the rainy period, the EVI showed the best results to differentiate Woooded Cerrado (WC), natural pasture and planted pasture classes. For further classifications, we recommend the use of sophisticated, spectral classifiers, to take advantage of the whole spectroradiometric scope of the dataset.Pages: 1790-179
A Distribuição Espacial da Leshimaniose Visceral Americana no municipío de Salvaterra-pa e sua relação com o índice de vegetação NDVI
No full textThis article has used location's data from entomological traps of the insect (Lutzomyia longipalpis), transmitter of American Visceral Leishmaniasis - LV, collected in the City of Salvaterra-PA and were available by the 7th regional of Social Protection of the State Department of Public Health of Para-SESPA. Aiming to correlate the confirmed cases of VL in the study area with values of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), images from Landsat sensor - 5 (TM) and data from the IBGE 2010 census creating a geographic database within GIS ArcGIS 10. Results show that NDVI in Salvaterra/PA in BRZIL had a mean value of 0.19 and appeared in a well defined spatially, which was reflected by the overall index of Moran equivalent to 0.86. The average NDVI regions of interaction between the sandflies and the man reached 0.54, higher than the average found in the center of the city, inferring that it is due to the proximity of dense forests. The array of NDVI and the number of sand flies inside the home has significant direct correlation with contrasting results from the presence of sandflies in peri-domicile where the relationship is inverse. Since then needed a more precise geographical survey by the SESPA.Pages: 8614-862
Uso do SIG para o estudo da leishmaniose em Santarém, Pará, Brasil
No full textThe cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease with worldwide distribution, characterized by the manifestation of lesions in the skin. The etiologic agents are protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The epidemiology of CL has its own characteristics in each area, resulting in variables related to parasites, vectors and processes for use and occupation of soil. The aim of this study was to visualize, identify and determine the locations to capture and study of phlebotomine fauna in the municipality of Santarém / PA by using a GIS. The kernel was used to select study areas and thus realize a survey the sandfly fauna using CDC traps in intra (IH) and outside homes (OH) and Shannon traps in wild environment (WE). The kernel has identified the two major circuits spatial production of CL cases, Jatoba and Corta-Corda. The total of 222 sandflies of 15 species was captured in the two circuits. Jatoba had the largest number of specimens captured in IH/OH and the specimen Lutzomyia longipalpis was more abundant. In WE, the largest number was captured in Corta-Corda and Psychodopygus davisi predominated in this environment. The presence of B. flaviscutellata in IH/OH indicates greater exposure to the domestic Le. amazonensis. The presence of Lu. longipalpis in IH/OH suggests that these environments are providing adequate conditions for the establishment of this species. The kernel was a useful strategy to guide the surveillance and prevention of disease. The generated data supports decision making to define priority areas for interventions.Pages: 8599-860
Análise multitemporal e atualização do mapa de uso e ocupação do solo do município de Monteiro-PB
No full textThe objective of this study was to analyze the land use and the land cover from 1987 to 2010, in Monteiro City, State of Paraíba, Brazil. Two TM/Landsat 5 images, orbit 215 and path 65 for two periods (1987/09/05 and 2010/24/05), were organized and analyzed in GIS environment. In order to analyze the land use and the land cover from 1987 to 2010, a miscellany of two scenes of each year was made and upon it, thus was applied the colorful composition 7(R), 4(G) e 1(B). For both periods, six thematic classes of land use and land cover according to criteria related to the size of the trees and the land cover, were established: (a) Arboreal Vegetation, (b) Shrub Vegetation, (c) Arboreal-Shrub Vegetation (d) Water, (e) Bare Land, and (f) Urban area. The results showed a loss of 38% of the shrub vegetation, and a growth of 70% of the Arboreal-Shrub vegetation and 21% of the Arboreal one. There was also a decrease of Bare land and an increase of urban area. As a conclusion of the results exposed, it is noticeable that the use of digital processing and GIS techniques are powerful tools in the decision making, moreover, it serves as a base for spatial planning and environmental management.Pages: 1548-155
Desenvolvimento e Implementação de metodologia para a automação e melhoria do processo de Monitoramento e Gestão de Áreas de Preservação Permanente ao longo dos cursos d'água para apoio ao Cadastro Ambiental Rural
No full textThis article proposes an automatic methodology to measure rivers and to establish Permanent Protected Areas as established by law number 12.651 of May, 2012. The article will describe the procedures used to automatically process a RapidEye image from the region of Pontal do Paranapanema including hydrographic detection through non supervised classification and the application of an algorithm developed through Erdas Model Maker to determine the width of rivers and the respective APPs.Pages: 6861-686