National Institute for Space Research
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Correlação da refletância espectral do solo e condutividade elétrica com a umidade e a resistência à penetração de um Latossolo na região de Jaciara, MT
No full textIt has become increasingly common to use of sensors in precision agriculture, to extract information from the soil. Recently research has showed the importance of using electromagnetic sensors to assess the distribution of soil components, giving valuable information of the differences and similarities. Thinking this way, it becomes interesting to study the reflectance of a sensor regarding different attributes of a soil. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship of the spectral response of soil with the moisture content and the penetration resistance in Oxisol cultivated with sugar cane. The experiment was conducted in a sandy field, located in the in Jaciara, Mato Grosso, Brazil. In the experimental area, it was made readings through spectral responses VIS-NIR spectrophotometer sensor for continuous pathway in a grid of 50 x 50 m. Samples were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm, for moisture determination. At the same points of soil sampling, it was obtained resistance to penetration with a penetrograph static, with electronic storage of data and readings taken every 1.0 cm deep. For descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis of the variables, it was used the SPSS software, version 17. The moisture content of the soil was positively correlated to the parameter surface electrical conductivity and negative correlation to the variable soil spectral response in the visible spectrum (VIS). The variable penetration resistance, at depths of 20 to 70 cm, showed a negative correlation to the variable moisture content of the soil.Pages: 9166-917
Satélites brasileiros de observação da Terra: balanço e perspectivas
No full textThis paper describes the status and characteristics of Brazilian satellites designed for Earth observation: CBERS, Amazonia and Sabia. At the same time makes a balance of the previous CBERS satellites, mainly taking into consideration the users view. Also, it is presented some insights concerning the future of Earth observation satellites for Brazil. Program CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) is developed under a cooperation agreement between Brazil and China. Three satellites were already launched (CBERS-1: 1999-2003, CBERS-2: 2003-2007 and CBERS-2B: 2007-2010). A new family is under development and CBERS-3 is planned to be launched at the beginning of 2013. CBERS-4 is planned to be launched two years after CBERS-3 launching. Amazonia-1 is a satellite with a medium resolution (~40m) sensor designed to monitor fast phenomena as Amazonia deforestation and agriculture processes. Multimission Platform will be the main bus for its payload. With these satellites and their imaging capabilities many applications can be covered, such as land use land cover changes, agriculture and environment monitoring, alert systems. The data policy will be the same as used for previous satellites. Some insights for new missions are presented.Pages: 2218-222
Sistema de Recepção de Dados do Satélite Meteosat-9 na Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos - SERGIPE: Implementação e Aplicações
No full textThis work has the objective to inform the scientific community that receiving station of satellite METEOSAT-9, EUMETSAT, in the Secretary of Environmental and Water Resource SERGIPE. The system EUMETCast reception station EUMETSAT Broadcast System for Environmental Data, comprises a standard PC with DVB card inserted and satellite off-set antenna fitted with a digital LNB, and other PC was installed algorithm shell script (linux) and batch (windows), beyond of software XRIT2PIC and ILWIS. The images of satellite METEOSAT-9 processed show temperature cloud retrievals attain clear and good approach in forecasting severe storms over the areas located in Brazil. This system-configuration provides a low cost alternative to distribute data meteorological, oceanographic, geology and environmental.Pages: 7935-794
Avaliação da influência do status de conservação e da precipitação na dinâmica de mosaicos floresta-savana em uma área de transição ao norte da Amazônia utilizando modelo linear de mistura espectral
No full textSome coupled carbon/climate models are predicting globally significant changes in Amazon carbon and water cycles for the near future, with conversion of forest to savanna like vegetation. Facing this scenario, we estimate the forest-savanna mosaic extensions and directions of changes within 20 years in a transitional area in Northern Brazilian Amazonia, and investigated if conservation status and rainfall changes have influenced the mosaic dynamics. Applying spectral linear mixture model to a Landsat-5-TM time series, we identify protected savanna enclaves within a strictly protected nature reserve (ESEC Maracá) and its outskirts non-protected forest islands and compared theirs areas among 1986/1994/2006. Forest-savanna mosaic dynamics have being primarily mediated by climate and secondly by disturbance events. The protected savanna enclaves decreased 2.62 ha on average in 20 years with greater reduction rate in higher precipitation regime, whereas the non-protected forest islands remained stable overall, balancing an encroaching onto savanna during humid decades and with savannization in reduced rainfall periods. Thus, keeping favorable climate conditions, the ESEC Maracá conservation status will proceed favoring the forest encroaching onto savanna while the non-protected outskirt areas will be resilient to disturbance regimes. However, if confirmed the increase of dry events frequency predicted by climate models for this region, the future changes in extension and directions of forest limits will be affected, disrupting ecological services as carbon stock and local biodiversity.Pages: 2972-297
Expansão e continuidade do Sistema Brasileiro de Coleta de Dados Ambientais face às demandas da Rede Hidrometeorológica Nacional
No full textThe Brazilian Environmental Data Collection System provides data collection services based on SCD-1 and SCD-2 satellites since 1993 with the SCD-1 launch and followed by the SCD-2 in 1998. Recently, besides the need of data collection services continuity, new demands from the National Hydrometeorological Network motivated the establishment of a working group composed by AEB, ANA, and INPE to provide analysis and configuration proposals for the microsatellite constellation that have a revisit time lower than 1 hour and covering any Brazilian region. This paper presents the mission analysis results from simulation studies regarding to possible constellation configurations to meet the revisit time and coverage requirements. The paper describes the present system performance regarding the revisit time offered by the SCD-1 and SCD-2 satellites, the criteria used to choose satellite constellations and results obtained from several simulations to guide the selection of solutions. The criteria intend to minimize the number of satellites in the constellation, while still meeting the requirements, as well as to reduce the number of different orbital planes due to launching costs. As a conclusion, a six satellite constellation distributed into three orbital planes meets the 1h revisit time and coverage requirements, but a partial solution can be achieved with 2 satellites into an equatorial orbital plane, with the required coverage but limited to the Amazon region.Pages: 9063-907
Modelagem de áreas de adequabilidade ambiental do morcego frugívoro Sturnira lilium e da arvoreta Solanum variabile visando diretrizes à restauração ecológica
No full textThe Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) that relate the distribution of species with spatial information derived, e.g., remote sensing data can help in the understanding of the spatial distribution of organisms optimizing the understanding of ecological processes such as seed dispersal and interactions animal - plant, at different scales. Whereas in situations of high availability of fruits, the diet of the bat's Sturnira lilium can be 100% composed of Solanum variabile, that when are placed networks to capture of bat near to Solanum variabile areas, always are captured Sturnira lilium and that due to the high mobility of bat not possible say the occurrence of Solanum variabile in your areas, the objective of this work was to predict areas of environmental suitability for the species Solanum variabile and Sturnira lilium and assess whether the presence of Solanum variabile can be predicted from the SDM Sturnira lilium. For this we used data of species occurrence and selected environmental variables, such as: % of vegetation at different distances, elevation, slope direction and distance from water. The SDM were highly statistically significant of species Solanum variabile and Sturnira lilium with AUCs of 0.89 and 0.94 and p-values less than 0.01, allowing also point potential areas for ecological restoration due to the importance of species in ecological succession. However, it was not possible to predict the mutual occurrence of two species due to their different requirements, considering also that it is more difficult to discriminate suitable habitats for species widely distributed.Pages: 6711-671
O desempenho do processador de coleta de dados versão III nas estações de recepção do Sistema Brasileiro de Coleta de Dados Ambientais
No full textThe Brazilian Environmental Data Collection System provides data collection services based on SCD-1 and SCD-2 satellites to an increasing user community. The SCD-1, in spite of 19 years in flight operation, is operating in a degraded mode as well as SCD-2 with 14 years in operation continues to offer 24 hours/7 days data relay function to more than a 1000 platforms. Several effort actions to improve the ground infrastructure to receive and to process the relayed messages have being performed. A Data Collection Processor, named PROCOD, is a ground receiving station equipment that process the down linked relayed frequency band and recover the messages transmitted from the data collection platform networks. A new PROCOD version was developed and installed in the Cuiaba ground station by mid-2012. The development cycle follows the traditional space project phases, starting from specification to acceptance tests and field validation. The exceptional performance obtained with PROCOD III version during field tests in Cuiaba ground station is presented in this paper, as well as the concepts used in the design. This equipment employs digital processing technology, field programmable gate arrays components and more than 20 years of INPE experience in ground equipment development. The measured operational results show a 121% improvement in message recovery compared to PROCOD-II for SCD-1 passes and an 85% improvement for SCD-2. Although these exceptional results obtained, a new PROCOD version is being in discussion to meet demands for increasing numbers of platforms and applications.Pages: 9071-907
Utilização de SIG para avaliação e monitoramento da água em uma propriedade rural
No full textThe dynamics and characteristics of land use change constantly, modifying their chemical, physical and biological variables, causing a series of interactions between environment components. Government agencies and research groups, need to monitor and interpret these dynamics as requirements for planning and scientific understanding. The understanding of the monitoring results and the dynamics of land use allows better visualization of problems and accelerates decision making. Following these ideas, this study aims to characterize and monitor a farm land, identifying characteristics of topography and water quality in a rice paddy field. The study was conducted in a rural area of Itaqui in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Satellite radar images (SRTM) were used for morphometric characterization. Portable electrodes were used for electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen measurements of the irrigation water. The data obtained by processing the remote sensing images and the in situ physicochemical measurements were organized in a geo-relational database using free geoprocessing software (Spring, Scarta) produced by the brazilian National Space Agency (INPE) . Maps were generated for hipsometry, slope, dynamic electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen. The results showed that, during the period of this research, water entered the rice crop with an electrical conductivity of 182μS and returned to the environment with an electrical conductivity greater than 400μS.Pages: 151-15
Interpolação dos dados observados de precipitação pluvial e comparados com dados estimados pelo satélite TRMM
No full textEstimates of rainfall satellite have been proposed in several scientific papers, contributing as an important tool for climatological data consistency. Under this assumption the hypothesis of the paper is that the use of rainfall data estimated by TRMM satellite can be used in the absence of meteorological stations conventional surface. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the estimates of the TRMM satellite rainfall for the state of Paraná and verify the reliability with respect to the observed data from surface weather stations SIMEPAR. The results were satisfactory showing that estimates of TRMM satellite can be used as a source of information on the scarcity of information data from surface weather stations.Pages: 4086-409
Análise da energia radiativa do fogo para a América do Sul
No full textWildfires are frequent in all regions of the world due to its use in different land use activities, being one of the most used processes of forest conversion. In South America, especially in the Amazon Tropical forest, the process of agricultural expansion and production, as pasture renewal, deforestation and pest controls, are common lead by practices that use biomass burning. Consequently, fires release to atmosphere large amounts of trace gases and aerosols, modifying the physical-chemical and biological characteristics of earth's surface, the atmosphere energy budget and the climatic system. Thus, this work aims to asses the performance of fire radiative power, derived from MODIS (TERRA and AQUA) and GOES Imager (GOES platforms) sensors to estimate the emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. In this work, we decided to estimate the fire radiative energy (FRE) on regular grids with a spatial resolution of 0.17°. Initial results indicate that highest values of FRE are located at the border of Amazon rainforest, in this areas the annual average of FRE reaches values higher than 0.07 MJ.m-2. Therefore, considering the pixel area (400 km²), the energy released in some grid points is equivalent to approximately 0.2 PJ.year-1 or approximately 400 PJ the energy released per year for Amazon biome.Pages: 6572-657