National Institute for Space Research
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Sensoriamento Remoto aplicado à análise da dinâmica da paisagem na represa de Irapé/MG
No full textThe dam of Irapé Plant is located in the high course of Jequitinhonha River, in the part that drains the limit between the mesoregions of North of Minas Gerais and Jequitinhonha Valley. This work aimed to analyze the landscape dynamic around that dam. For this, it selected the temporal cut between 2000 and 2010, considering the installation of the dam which occurred in the year of 2006. In that way, it could visualize changes in the land use and occupation before and after the Irapé construction. For executing this article were used orbital images obtained in the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE electronic Site in order to extract data of the area of study. The ArcGIS software was responsible to storing, analyzing and generation of new spatial informations. The results of this article showed that Irapé dam transformed the landscape predominantly natural into an area with intense human presence.Pages: 6441-644
Análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica de rio Apeú, Nordeste Paraense, com base na fragmentação da vegetação arbórea
No full textThe aim of this study was, through techniques of remote sensing and GIS in environmental characterization and study of landscape ecology in the river basin Apeú, with the prospect of generating subsidies for the implementation of public policies aimed at environmental planning that meets biodiversity conservation. We used digital images TM / Landsat 5, in 2008, where he initially was generated map of land cover and land use and, subsequently, we performed the analysis of the fragmentation of trees by landscape metrics. The landscape of the river basin Apeú is strongly marked by cattle ranching and natural vegetation covers 34.4% of the basin area. This vegetation is highly fragmented and most of it is located next to water resources. In the landscape of the river basin Apeú, 70% of the natural vegetation consists of edge environment, which compromising the sustainability of the ecosystem. Thus, the development of efficient ecological management plans, constitute a form of contribution to the conservation and recovery of the remaining fragments of degraded areas in the region.Pages: 7132-713
Influência das mudanças de uso da terra e da degradação do solo na dinâmica populacional do núcleo de desertificação de Gilbués (PI)
No full textThe semi-arid region of Brazil presents serious environmental problems. Among them, highlighted the accelerated soil degradation, which is the one which have an important contribution to the land desertification. Based on this concept, the objective of this study is to assess the impacts in changing the land use and evaluate how the land degradation/desertification influences the population dynamics in part of Gilbués city (Piauí state, Brazil) desertification nucleus. For this study, Landsat images, TM and ETM+ sensors and soil maps, developed by EMBRAPA, were used. Furthermore, demographic and socioeconomic data, aggregated by sector, were also considered. The land cover classes changes assessment showed that Cerrado area has decreased 9%, which is equivalent to an area of 550 km2. Cerrado was replaced by farming activities (5%, 315 km2) and desertified areas (4%, 240 km2). Concerning to the population, it has increased during the analyzed period. Urban sectors grew up from 7399 habitants per year, in 2000, to 19754 habitants per year, in 2010, with an increase of 62%. Rural population grew up in total of 20%, from 13660 habitants per year, in 2000, to 17468 habitants per year, in 2010. The results also present a decrease in the male population, aged between 35 and 39 years, which may indicate the migration of this group to other regions, seeking for better working conditions.Pages: 7687-769
Análise da relação entre face de exposição de vertentes e níveis de degradação de pastagens com uso de imagem Ikonos
No full textThe research summarizes the analysis of the relationship between levels of pasture degradation and faces exposure to aspects of relief. The study was conducted in an area of southwestern Bahia. The methodology was based on using Ikonos satellite imagery, which was applied in the process of supervised classification by method MAXVER, identifying levels of rangeland degradation. Was used Topodata radar image to extract information about the topography, referring to face exposure aspects and levels of solar radiation. All procedures were performed in the environment of geographical information system using the software ArcGis 10.1, and techniques of remote sensing and image interpretation. As a result we found that pastures are 93.41 km2 and 8.83% belongs to the class of very strong degradation. The north face of relief showed higher degradation levels 6.54, 5.53 and 4.00 km2 for moderate levels, strong, very strong respectively. When considering the level of solar radiation (direct and diffuse) is featured information with higher solar radiation in relief facing north, and flat areas, it was observed that degradation occurs predominantly mild in all phases of radiation, followed by the predominance of very strong level.Pages: 179-18
Eficiência de diferentes métodos de filtragem da nuvem de pontos na varredura Laser Terrestre para a obtenção de dados dendrométricos
No full textThe terrestrial laser scanner presents itself as an interesting to dendrometric data collection. However, for determination of dendrometric variables are necessary efficient filtering methods for eliminate soil, branches and crown points. Considering this, the aim of this paper was testing two differents filtering methods for determination of diameters in different heights in a Pinus taeda (L.) tree. The data collection was made through laser scanning, using the Leica HDS3000 equipment fixed in one single point. After cutting down tree, diameters were obtained in different stem parts, from base to top with a caliper and total height, first branches and crown heights with a tape. Were made manual and automatic filtering. The filtering were efficient a mean of 55% of total height when compared diameters with laser data and traditional methods of measurements. Above this, the absence of data representing the stem surface due the canopy did not allow the stem modeling. Would be interesting methods with recover this data in canopy region. The manual filter filtered a little bit more of the stem when compared with automatic filter, however the automatic method gains with the processing velocity.Pages: 6185-619
Processamento digital de imagens MODIS com obtenção do EVI, para aplicação de modelos de estimativa de produtividade para o café nos municípios de Barra do Choça, Barreiras, Bonito, Itamaraju, Luís Eduardo Magalhães e Prado/BA
No full textThis study aimed to use the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and evapotranspiration in the estimated production and productivity of coffee plantations in the municipalities of Barra do Choça, Barreiras, Bonito, Itamaraju, Luís Eduardo Magalhães and Prado in State of Bahia. With EVI data, we defined the period information of 18 February 2000 to 19 December 2010. In this period, we calculated the average and maximum values of the vegetation index in the mapped area with coffee in each municipality. The model given the data and productivity potential evapotranspiration were calibrated between the years 2003 and 2007. The predictive model is based on FAO model, but with the use of satellite information. The model was calibrated with data from years 2000 to 2007, resulting in an equation of linear trend analysis for each municipality. These results allowed to estimate the productivity of the production for the years 2008 to 2010. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by the organs oficiais.Os best results with data from EVI were found to municipalities Itamarajú, Prado, Luis Eduardo Magalhães, Barra do Choça, Bonito e Barreiras. With the data of evapotranspiration, the results still the same for municipalities Itamarajú, Prado, Luis Eduardo Magalhães, Barra do Choça, Bonito e Barreiras. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index of the mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by official agencies.Pages: 1680-168
Modelo de estimativa de produtividade com base no índice de vegetação melhorado para a cultura do café nos municípios de Monte Carmelo, Patrocínio, Três Pontas e Manhuaçu no Estado de Minas Gerais
No full textThis study aimed to use the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and evapotranspiration in the estimated production and productivity of coffee plantations in the municipalities of Monte Carmelo, Patrocínio, Três Pontas and Manhuaçu in the State of Minas Gerais. With EVI data, we defined the period information of 18 February 2000 to 19 December 2010. In this period, we calculated the average and maximum values of the vegetation index in the mapped area with coffee in each municipality. The predictive model is based on FAO model, but with the use of satellite information. The model was calibrated with data from years 2000 to 2007, resulting in an equation of linear trend analysis for each municipality. These results allowed to estimate the productivity of the production for the years 2008 to 2010. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index of the mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by the organs oficiais.Os best results with data from EVI were found for municipalities to Manhuaçu, Três Pontas, Monte Carmelo and Patrocínio. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index of the mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by official agencies. It should be noted that even with these different models are still considered effective because they represent the real behavior vegetative. The methodology used in this study lacks updated information, especially as the mapped areas, so the results are more precise.Pages: 1665-167
Identificação de Ilhas de Calor Urbana na Cidade de Manaus-AM
No full textThe city of Manaus underwent changes huge caused by rapid urbanization in recent years. The nature's modification to the creation an urban space has attracted attention of the academic community to the social and environmental impacts produced at the city. One of the notable changes arising from urbanization is the reduction of green areas, and that becomes an aggravating factor, because that areas is of the greatest importance of the climate balance at the city. Thus, this article aims to identify the heat islands at the city of Manaus using the thermal infrared band (6) of the Landsat -5 Thematic Mapper sensor, considering such factors as deforestation and the construction of the new developments at the city. The methodology consisted in: theoretical foundation, selection of images at the INPE image catalogue and treating of them into the softwares Arcgis 9.3, Envi 4.6.1 and finally convert in surface temperature and that way, was possible to identify the areas where there are climatic anomalies. The results obtained using techniques of remote sensing showed the temperature variations that occurred at urban area of Manaus in 1990, 2003 and 2011. The results of the study confirmed yet that the use of the Landsat 5 thermal band, to be an efficient tool to identify the heat island.Pages: 874-88
LiDAR remote sensing to individual tree processing: A comparison between high and low pulse density in Florida, United States of America
No full textIn this study we evaluated the performance of individual tree detection in high and low pulse density lidar datasets, applying variable windows size (VWS) and fixed windows size (FWS) for local maxima filtering implemented in FUSION softwares CanopyMaxima tool. We verified that high pulse density and fixed windows size for 1m x 1m (FWS_1) had a better performance to individual tree detection (accuracy ranged between 4 and 35%). We also verified that when increase the window size in FWS, the accuracy was decreasing. The performance in VWS both in high and low density was less than FWS_1 size.Pages: 6073-608
Análise do Produto Interno Bruto no Estado do Paraná através da Cartografia Temática
No full textEste artigo teve por objetivo analisar as condições do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) no estado do Paraná através da Cartografia Temática no período de 2005 a 2009. A base de dados foi obtida através do IPEADATA e analisados através de mapas temáticos construídos no software Terra View. O motivo de se escolher o estado do Paraná reside no interesse de comparar as Mesorregiões Geográficas deste estado do ponto de vista econômico. Já o motivo de optar pelos anos de 2005 à 2009 é que são dados mais atuais fornecidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Concluiu-se que a Cartografia Temática se apresenta como mais um instrumento para se estudar o PIB no presente estado e que a maioria dos municípios teve um decrescimento de até -100%. A presente pesquisa visa contribuir para o trabalho de profissionais de diversas áreas como: setor econômico (uma vez que pode servir para o Governo do Estado observar a economia) e cartografia, além de outros setores, haja vista a relevância de compreender as condições em que se encontra o Produto Interno Bruto para o estado do Paraná e em qualquer outra região.Pages: 1967-197